13. Traffic & Congestion Control in ATM
... Explicit Forward Congestion Indication Essentially same as frame relay If node experiencing congestion, set forward congestion indication is cell headers ...
... Explicit Forward Congestion Indication Essentially same as frame relay If node experiencing congestion, set forward congestion indication is cell headers ...
Regulation of Metabolic Events during Embryo Development
... makes it possible to mass produce plants from the somatic embryos from the cryopreserved embryogenic cultures once the field trials have been completed (Martinez et al., 2003). Existing evidence suggests that somatic embryogenesis is a viable alternative for large scale propagation of important con ...
... makes it possible to mass produce plants from the somatic embryos from the cryopreserved embryogenic cultures once the field trials have been completed (Martinez et al., 2003). Existing evidence suggests that somatic embryogenesis is a viable alternative for large scale propagation of important con ...
The plant Golgi apparatus—Going with the flow
... moving [18,20]. These data supported the hypothesis that there may be some form of structural continuity between the two organelles permitting direct transfer of cargo without the requirement for vesicle vectors. It also questions the mechanisms of putative retrograde transport by vesicle carriers. ...
... moving [18,20]. These data supported the hypothesis that there may be some form of structural continuity between the two organelles permitting direct transfer of cargo without the requirement for vesicle vectors. It also questions the mechanisms of putative retrograde transport by vesicle carriers. ...
t-SNARE Phosphorylation Regulates Endocytosis in Yeast
... with active ceramide analogs, by VBM gene inactivation, or by overexpression of SIT4 itself. Interestingly, endocytic defects in cells lacking either Tlg1 or Tlg2 alone or in combination with deletions in the SNC genes are also rescued by CAPP activation. In all cases, rescue correlated with the dep ...
... with active ceramide analogs, by VBM gene inactivation, or by overexpression of SIT4 itself. Interestingly, endocytic defects in cells lacking either Tlg1 or Tlg2 alone or in combination with deletions in the SNC genes are also rescued by CAPP activation. In all cases, rescue correlated with the dep ...
Enhancement of Murine Lymphokine-activated Killer Cell Activity by
... Also shown in Fig. 3 is that retinoic acid enhanced the LAK cell activities induced from a whole spectrum of IL-2 concen trations examined. The differences between LAK cell activities induced by IL-2 alone and that augmented by retinoic acid were all statistically significant (P < 0.05). The augment ...
... Also shown in Fig. 3 is that retinoic acid enhanced the LAK cell activities induced from a whole spectrum of IL-2 concen trations examined. The differences between LAK cell activities induced by IL-2 alone and that augmented by retinoic acid were all statistically significant (P < 0.05). The augment ...
PDF
... explants, cells of the putative Gsc domain moved over each other towards the bottle cell side until the explant tipped over (Fig. 4E; supplementary material Movie 3). As migration continued (Fig. 4E), deeper cells became exposed as cells above them moved apart (supplementary material Movie 3). In th ...
... explants, cells of the putative Gsc domain moved over each other towards the bottle cell side until the explant tipped over (Fig. 4E; supplementary material Movie 3). As migration continued (Fig. 4E), deeper cells became exposed as cells above them moved apart (supplementary material Movie 3). In th ...
Sox3 - Prodinra
... With the exception of ectodermal derivatives, all vertebrate tissues are the result of one or several rounds of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the embryo, the first EMT event occurs at gastrulation, when a subset of initial epiblast cells moves to the primitive streak, delaminates and g ...
... With the exception of ectodermal derivatives, all vertebrate tissues are the result of one or several rounds of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the embryo, the first EMT event occurs at gastrulation, when a subset of initial epiblast cells moves to the primitive streak, delaminates and g ...
A leucine aminopeptidase is involved in kinetoplast DNA
... a single network composed of mutually catenated circular molecules of two categories–maxicircles and minicircles—that are extended and densely packaged into a highly organized discoid structure [1]. The kDNA network is located in the mt lumen adjacent to the basal body of the single flagellum, to wh ...
... a single network composed of mutually catenated circular molecules of two categories–maxicircles and minicircles—that are extended and densely packaged into a highly organized discoid structure [1]. The kDNA network is located in the mt lumen adjacent to the basal body of the single flagellum, to wh ...
Dynamics of the slowing segmentation clock reveal
... The formation of reiterated somites along the vertebrate body axis is controlled by the segmentation clock, a molecular oscillator expressed within presomitic mesoderm (PSM) cells. Although PSM cells oscillate autonomously, they coordinate with neighboring cells to generate a sweeping wave of cyclic ...
... The formation of reiterated somites along the vertebrate body axis is controlled by the segmentation clock, a molecular oscillator expressed within presomitic mesoderm (PSM) cells. Although PSM cells oscillate autonomously, they coordinate with neighboring cells to generate a sweeping wave of cyclic ...
(Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets to gradient saline stress
... productivity of field crops. Compared to field plants, test tube plantlets offer a direct and fast approach to investigate the mechanism of salt tolerance. Here we examined the ultrastructural and physiological responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. c.v. “Longshu No. 3”) plantlets to gradient sal ...
... productivity of field crops. Compared to field plants, test tube plantlets offer a direct and fast approach to investigate the mechanism of salt tolerance. Here we examined the ultrastructural and physiological responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. c.v. “Longshu No. 3”) plantlets to gradient sal ...
Farnesoid X Receptor Ligands Inhibit Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell
... vascular tissue. We have investigated whether FXR regulates inflammation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells. Methods and Results—The FXR target gene, small heterodimer partner (SHP), was induced in vascular smooth muscle cells after treatment with synthetic FXR ligands, GW4064, or 6␣-ethy ...
... vascular tissue. We have investigated whether FXR regulates inflammation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells. Methods and Results—The FXR target gene, small heterodimer partner (SHP), was induced in vascular smooth muscle cells after treatment with synthetic FXR ligands, GW4064, or 6␣-ethy ...
Signal Peptide-Selection of cDNA Cloned Directly from the
... modification of host plant cells into complex permanent feeding sites that are essential for sustained nematode nutrition (Davis et al. 2000; Hussey 1989a). The three esophageal gland cells of plant nematodes are relatively large, localized within the anterior portion of the nematode, and connected ...
... modification of host plant cells into complex permanent feeding sites that are essential for sustained nematode nutrition (Davis et al. 2000; Hussey 1989a). The three esophageal gland cells of plant nematodes are relatively large, localized within the anterior portion of the nematode, and connected ...
The physical basis of active mechanosensitivity by the hair
... implicate both myosin 1c [29–31] and myosin 7a [32,33,34] as likely candidates for the adaptation motor. If it were only to set the operating point of the transduction apparatus, adaptation could afford to operate on much slower timescales than the period of acoustic stimuli. Yet, after being pulle ...
... implicate both myosin 1c [29–31] and myosin 7a [32,33,34] as likely candidates for the adaptation motor. If it were only to set the operating point of the transduction apparatus, adaptation could afford to operate on much slower timescales than the period of acoustic stimuli. Yet, after being pulle ...
Local chromosome context is a major determinant of crossover
... during this process are important for sharing chromosomes between the newly forming cells. It is crucial that the crossovers form at the right time and place along the chromosomes. Chromosomes have different structures depending on whether a cell is undergoing meiosis or normal (mitotic) cell divisi ...
... during this process are important for sharing chromosomes between the newly forming cells. It is crucial that the crossovers form at the right time and place along the chromosomes. Chromosomes have different structures depending on whether a cell is undergoing meiosis or normal (mitotic) cell divisi ...
atlas of dengue viruses morphology and morphogenesis
... Janeiro, where she got her Ph.D. degree at the Department of Botany of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in 1964. A post-doctor fellowship followed in the Universities of Heidelberg and Freiburg in Germany. Pollen grain morphology and its application in science, as well as ultrastructural res ...
... Janeiro, where she got her Ph.D. degree at the Department of Botany of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in 1964. A post-doctor fellowship followed in the Universities of Heidelberg and Freiburg in Germany. Pollen grain morphology and its application in science, as well as ultrastructural res ...
Inflammation and proliferation – a causal event of host response to
... VacA is a highly immunogenic 95 kDa protein that induces massive vacuolization in epithelial cells in vitro (Cover & Blaser, 1992). VacA is reported to play a role in gastric colonization of H. pylori (Oertli et al., 2013). Although all strains carry a functional vacA gene, there is considerable var ...
... VacA is a highly immunogenic 95 kDa protein that induces massive vacuolization in epithelial cells in vitro (Cover & Blaser, 1992). VacA is reported to play a role in gastric colonization of H. pylori (Oertli et al., 2013). Although all strains carry a functional vacA gene, there is considerable var ...
Persistent Firing Supported by an Intrinsic Cellular
... the difference between membrane potential 10 –30 s after termination of stimulation and the baseline membrane potential; see Materials and Methods) (Fig. 1f ). The poststimulus potential significantly increased with the application of carbachol (n ⫽ 12, paired t test, t11 ⫽ ⫺8.5, p ⬍ 0.001), but it ...
... the difference between membrane potential 10 –30 s after termination of stimulation and the baseline membrane potential; see Materials and Methods) (Fig. 1f ). The poststimulus potential significantly increased with the application of carbachol (n ⫽ 12, paired t test, t11 ⫽ ⫺8.5, p ⬍ 0.001), but it ...
FrontPage 2003
... A layout table is a framework that organizes the content of an entire page You can use a layout table instead of creating a new Web page and then adding a table to it Each cell in a layout table can contain content such as images, text, and hyperlinks ...
... A layout table is a framework that organizes the content of an entire page You can use a layout table instead of creating a new Web page and then adding a table to it Each cell in a layout table can contain content such as images, text, and hyperlinks ...
The engrailed Locus of D. melanogaster Provides an Essential
... and cytoplasmic events that accompany subsequent division cycles. Although it has not been previously noted, these two features-pole cell position and periplasmic clearing-are both abnormal in engrailed mutant embryos. Wild-type and engrailed mutant embryos can be distinguished at nuclear cycle 10 b ...
... and cytoplasmic events that accompany subsequent division cycles. Although it has not been previously noted, these two features-pole cell position and periplasmic clearing-are both abnormal in engrailed mutant embryos. Wild-type and engrailed mutant embryos can be distinguished at nuclear cycle 10 b ...
video slide
... • The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear envelope. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear envelope. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
vascular tissue differentiation and pattern formation in plants
... evolved to have a variety of organizations (28). In a given cross section of primary stems and roots, the most prominent variation of anatomical structures among different species is the organization of vascular tissues. In the stems of woody plants, the vascular tissue, secondary xylem or wood, pro ...
... evolved to have a variety of organizations (28). In a given cross section of primary stems and roots, the most prominent variation of anatomical structures among different species is the organization of vascular tissues. In the stems of woody plants, the vascular tissue, secondary xylem or wood, pro ...
Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton Chapter 17
... Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton • Cells are not “bags of enzymes”, but rather organized in three dimensions. • This organization is carried out by the cytoskeleton, the “bones and muscles” (and more) of cells. • Cells are thousands of times larger than a typical molecule. Therefore the cytoskeleton must lo ...
... Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton • Cells are not “bags of enzymes”, but rather organized in three dimensions. • This organization is carried out by the cytoskeleton, the “bones and muscles” (and more) of cells. • Cells are thousands of times larger than a typical molecule. Therefore the cytoskeleton must lo ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.