Anatomy of the Temporal Lobe
... white matter, the alveus, fimbria, and fornix. The cortex adjacent to the hippocampus is known as the entorhinal area; it is present along the whole length of the parahippocampal gyrus [21]. The subiculum is a transitional zone between the entorhinal and hippocampal cortices. The hippocampal formati ...
... white matter, the alveus, fimbria, and fornix. The cortex adjacent to the hippocampus is known as the entorhinal area; it is present along the whole length of the parahippocampal gyrus [21]. The subiculum is a transitional zone between the entorhinal and hippocampal cortices. The hippocampal formati ...
Not all brains are created equal: The relevance of
... 2012;Cohen Kadosh, 2013;Krause and Cohen Kadosh, 2013). A multitude of studies include healthy participants, patients with behavioral and neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as brain damage or neurological conditions. The external modulation of cortical excitability aims to induce beneficial changes ...
... 2012;Cohen Kadosh, 2013;Krause and Cohen Kadosh, 2013). A multitude of studies include healthy participants, patients with behavioral and neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as brain damage or neurological conditions. The external modulation of cortical excitability aims to induce beneficial changes ...
The Structure of Spatial Receptive Fields of Neurons in Primary
... Signal intensity could be varied over a range of 127 dB from its maximal level (full-scale output from a 12-bit D/A converter). In this study, intensity is expressed in decibels of attenuation (dB ATTN) from this maximum. Psychophysical studies using similar signal-processing methods have shown that ...
... Signal intensity could be varied over a range of 127 dB from its maximal level (full-scale output from a 12-bit D/A converter). In this study, intensity is expressed in decibels of attenuation (dB ATTN) from this maximum. Psychophysical studies using similar signal-processing methods have shown that ...
The subthalamic nucleus exerts opposite control on cocaine and
... As STN-lesioned rats showed decreased motivation to obtain one cocaine injection when the work load was increased, we then progressively decreased the cocaine dose in the continuous reinforcement schedule. In these conditions, we were able to evaluate any shift in the sensitivity of the rats to the ...
... As STN-lesioned rats showed decreased motivation to obtain one cocaine injection when the work load was increased, we then progressively decreased the cocaine dose in the continuous reinforcement schedule. In these conditions, we were able to evaluate any shift in the sensitivity of the rats to the ...
AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF LOCUS
... system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is ...
... system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... In all experiments, a data acquisition system (SciWorks, ver. 6.0; DataWave Technologies, Broomfield, CO) provided on-line ECoG displays to indicate the anesthetic state of the rat (Friedberg 1999). Activity recorded from the dural surface of the frontal cortex was amplified, filtered (0.3–300 Hz), ...
... In all experiments, a data acquisition system (SciWorks, ver. 6.0; DataWave Technologies, Broomfield, CO) provided on-line ECoG displays to indicate the anesthetic state of the rat (Friedberg 1999). Activity recorded from the dural surface of the frontal cortex was amplified, filtered (0.3–300 Hz), ...
Proprioceptive Eye Position Signals Are Still Missing a Sensory
... that have motor terminals on MIFs are likely underestimates. Unfortunately, the authors did not provide an additional analysis based on examination of tracerpositive populations. Therefore, it remains unclear whether most axons would be expected to make motor contacts on MIFs, as the summary schema ...
... that have motor terminals on MIFs are likely underestimates. Unfortunately, the authors did not provide an additional analysis based on examination of tracerpositive populations. Therefore, it remains unclear whether most axons would be expected to make motor contacts on MIFs, as the summary schema ...
Cortical evolution and development: Conserved
... 1989; Graham et al. 1989); the designation of areas for special senses and limbs (Callaerts et al. 1997); the control of the cell cycle and “symmetry-breaking” events that control cell cycle entry and exit, and other features of cell specification (Gerhart & Kirschner 1997). Many particular mechani ...
... 1989; Graham et al. 1989); the designation of areas for special senses and limbs (Callaerts et al. 1997); the control of the cell cycle and “symmetry-breaking” events that control cell cycle entry and exit, and other features of cell specification (Gerhart & Kirschner 1997). Many particular mechani ...
Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance
... system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is ...
... system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is ...
Center-Surround Interactions in the Middle Temporal Visual Area of
... visual stimuli. In one type of column, neurons responded well to objects such as a single bar or spot but poorly to large textured stimuli such as random dots. This was often due to the fact that the receptive fields had antagonistic surrounds: surround motion in the same direction as that preferred ...
... visual stimuli. In one type of column, neurons responded well to objects such as a single bar or spot but poorly to large textured stimuli such as random dots. This was often due to the fact that the receptive fields had antagonistic surrounds: surround motion in the same direction as that preferred ...
Neural Mechanisms of Subclinical Depressive
... depressive symptom severity and caudate nucleus hypoactivation during reward anticipation. Pizzagalli and colleagues [23] found that individuals with MDD showed decreased putamen responses during reward anticipation and decreased nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus responses to monetary gains. Fin ...
... depressive symptom severity and caudate nucleus hypoactivation during reward anticipation. Pizzagalli and colleagues [23] found that individuals with MDD showed decreased putamen responses during reward anticipation and decreased nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus responses to monetary gains. Fin ...
Temporal coding in the gustatory system
... may be utilized by the same population of neurons. The definition of temporal coding can be broadened to include the interactions among neurons as a source of information. Coincident firing of one or more neurons, for example, may convey information about a taste stimulus. In this regard, Katz et al. ...
... may be utilized by the same population of neurons. The definition of temporal coding can be broadened to include the interactions among neurons as a source of information. Coincident firing of one or more neurons, for example, may convey information about a taste stimulus. In this regard, Katz et al. ...
Three Cases of Enduring Memory Impairment after Bilateral Damage
... 1988; Kritchevsky and Squire, 1993). He was a Caucasian male born in 1923, who obtained 17 years of education and worked as a systems engineer. Before his amnesic episode in 1986, WH had a 10 year history of mild, successfully treated hypertension. He was a former alcoholic and had stopped drinking ...
... 1988; Kritchevsky and Squire, 1993). He was a Caucasian male born in 1923, who obtained 17 years of education and worked as a systems engineer. Before his amnesic episode in 1986, WH had a 10 year history of mild, successfully treated hypertension. He was a former alcoholic and had stopped drinking ...
Essential Tremor Followed by Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
... (median duration, 38 years); there was a 5- to 49-year latency from the onset of ET to the development of either parkinsonism or dementia. Despite the presence of parkinsonism or dementia during life, none had been diagnosed clinically with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). All 11 received the p ...
... (median duration, 38 years); there was a 5- to 49-year latency from the onset of ET to the development of either parkinsonism or dementia. Despite the presence of parkinsonism or dementia during life, none had been diagnosed clinically with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). All 11 received the p ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... mice, indicating that absence of these proteoglycans alone is not sufficient to further promote entry into the spinal cord. In contrast, when priming of the median nerve was performed at a clinically relevant time, i.e. 7 weeks post-rhizotomy, the growth of a subpopulation of sensory axons across th ...
... mice, indicating that absence of these proteoglycans alone is not sufficient to further promote entry into the spinal cord. In contrast, when priming of the median nerve was performed at a clinically relevant time, i.e. 7 weeks post-rhizotomy, the growth of a subpopulation of sensory axons across th ...
Proprioceptive Information from the Pinna Provides
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
Behavioral consequences of abnormal cortical development
... adult behavior abound in the literature [148]. Unfortunately, only a modicum of these models include anatomical and neurochemical data as well as assessment of behavioral deficits in adulthood. In this review, we will focus on those animal models for which structural, neurochemical and ample behavio ...
... adult behavior abound in the literature [148]. Unfortunately, only a modicum of these models include anatomical and neurochemical data as well as assessment of behavioral deficits in adulthood. In this review, we will focus on those animal models for which structural, neurochemical and ample behavio ...
Immunocytochemical Distribution of the
... mediate certain deficits in cognitive functions observed following cannabinoid administration in humans and animals (Winsauer and others 1999; Schneider and Koch 2003; D’Souza and others 2004). In rodents, the CB1 receptor is almost exclusively expressed by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons ...
... mediate certain deficits in cognitive functions observed following cannabinoid administration in humans and animals (Winsauer and others 1999; Schneider and Koch 2003; D’Souza and others 2004). In rodents, the CB1 receptor is almost exclusively expressed by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons ...
Neuron
... Exploration of the visual environment is achieved in discrete steps wherein a rapid eye movement called saccade sequentially brings an object in the visual scene onto the fovea (the highest-acuity retinal region). A number of brain regions have been implicated in the control of saccadic eye movement ...
... Exploration of the visual environment is achieved in discrete steps wherein a rapid eye movement called saccade sequentially brings an object in the visual scene onto the fovea (the highest-acuity retinal region). A number of brain regions have been implicated in the control of saccadic eye movement ...
Neural Basis of Visually Guided Head Movements Studied With fMRI
... et al. 1997). Performing eye movements leads to BOLD signal increases in a cortical network consisting of areas in the precentral sulcus (frontal eye fields, FEF), in the medial superior frontal cortex (supplementary eye fields, SEF), in the intraparietal sulcus (parietal eye fields, PEF), in the pr ...
... et al. 1997). Performing eye movements leads to BOLD signal increases in a cortical network consisting of areas in the precentral sulcus (frontal eye fields, FEF), in the medial superior frontal cortex (supplementary eye fields, SEF), in the intraparietal sulcus (parietal eye fields, PEF), in the pr ...
Neural Control of Eye Movements
... posture, no maeer what path the eye took to get there. • Lis3ng’s Law – Any eye posiDon can be described by rotaDon of the eye from primary posiDon about a single axis lying in a specific fronto-parallel plane (“LisDng’s plane”). • LisDng’s Law usually holds true for steady gaze posiDons and ...
... posture, no maeer what path the eye took to get there. • Lis3ng’s Law – Any eye posiDon can be described by rotaDon of the eye from primary posiDon about a single axis lying in a specific fronto-parallel plane (“LisDng’s plane”). • LisDng’s Law usually holds true for steady gaze posiDons and ...
Olfactory System Anatomy
... Detection of olfactory dysfunction begins with sampling of a series of common odors, which can be performed at the bedside with odiferous substances such as coffee, lemon, and peppermint. Tests, including those developed at the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC), have aided ex ...
... Detection of olfactory dysfunction begins with sampling of a series of common odors, which can be performed at the bedside with odiferous substances such as coffee, lemon, and peppermint. Tests, including those developed at the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC), have aided ex ...
Towards the integration of neural mechanisms and cognition in
... How intelligence arises in humans is far to be completely unveiled. Understanding the brain mechanisms that make it possible is one of the most interesting and debated topics in neuroscience. However, recent advances speculate about that this is only half part of the story. Intelligent behaviours in ...
... How intelligence arises in humans is far to be completely unveiled. Understanding the brain mechanisms that make it possible is one of the most interesting and debated topics in neuroscience. However, recent advances speculate about that this is only half part of the story. Intelligent behaviours in ...
The Morphology of Physiologically Identified GABAergic Neurons in
... reticular nucleus include in their terminal ramifications the dorsal thalamic nucleus from which they receive inputs (Jones, 1975). The thalamocortical axons have been demonstrated to give off collaterals in the reticular nucleus by intracellular injections in relay neurons of the dorsal lateral gen ...
... reticular nucleus include in their terminal ramifications the dorsal thalamic nucleus from which they receive inputs (Jones, 1975). The thalamocortical axons have been demonstrated to give off collaterals in the reticular nucleus by intracellular injections in relay neurons of the dorsal lateral gen ...
The Motor System
... • The neuroanatomical level depicts the detailed anatomy of first-order, second-order and third-order neurons. • The neuroanatomical level accounts for the patient’s behavioral presentation on examination under normal and lesioned conditions. ...
... • The neuroanatomical level depicts the detailed anatomy of first-order, second-order and third-order neurons. • The neuroanatomical level accounts for the patient’s behavioral presentation on examination under normal and lesioned conditions. ...