1 - BrainMaster
... adult brain, is attracting more and more attention every day. Adult neurogenesis has become increasingly important to studies of brain development and diseases, learning and memory, and aging. A considerable number of papers on the mechanism of adult neurogenesis or linking this process to various p ...
... adult brain, is attracting more and more attention every day. Adult neurogenesis has become increasingly important to studies of brain development and diseases, learning and memory, and aging. A considerable number of papers on the mechanism of adult neurogenesis or linking this process to various p ...
stimulant treatment history predicts frontal-striatal
... Considering the substantial acute effects of a single dose of methylphenidate in the brain, it may be expected that repeated exposure to stimulants could cause lasting brain changes as well. Different mechanisms may underlie such lasting ...
... Considering the substantial acute effects of a single dose of methylphenidate in the brain, it may be expected that repeated exposure to stimulants could cause lasting brain changes as well. Different mechanisms may underlie such lasting ...
Prefrontal Phase Locking to Hippocampal Theta Oscillations
... al., 1995; Takita et al., 1999). Disruption of the hippocampo-prefrontal pathway has been shown to impair performance on spatial learning tasks (Floresco et al., 1997), with recent experiments also showing reverse temporal gradients in the involvement of hippocampal and prefrontal circuits (Wiltgen ...
... al., 1995; Takita et al., 1999). Disruption of the hippocampo-prefrontal pathway has been shown to impair performance on spatial learning tasks (Floresco et al., 1997), with recent experiments also showing reverse temporal gradients in the involvement of hippocampal and prefrontal circuits (Wiltgen ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... were scored correct. All other responses were classified into error categories. The Philadelphia Naming Test error taxonomy and psycholinguistic rationale are discussed in earlier publications (Dell et al., 1997; Schwartz et al., 2006). The two error types that are most relevant to the present inves ...
... were scored correct. All other responses were classified into error categories. The Philadelphia Naming Test error taxonomy and psycholinguistic rationale are discussed in earlier publications (Dell et al., 1997; Schwartz et al., 2006). The two error types that are most relevant to the present inves ...
Functions of the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT).
... pared effects of these and similar NOT lesions on optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN). Correlation of functional deficits with NOT lesions from this and previous studies showed that rostral lesions of NOT in and around the pretectal olivary nucleus, which interrupted c ...
... pared effects of these and similar NOT lesions on optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN). Correlation of functional deficits with NOT lesions from this and previous studies showed that rostral lesions of NOT in and around the pretectal olivary nucleus, which interrupted c ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... Changes in environmental temperature have direct and more rapid effects on skin temperature than on temperatures within the body core. When environmental temperature is lowered, skin temperature rapidly falls, whereas brain and rectal temperatures are not affected or slightly increased in rats (17, ...
... Changes in environmental temperature have direct and more rapid effects on skin temperature than on temperatures within the body core. When environmental temperature is lowered, skin temperature rapidly falls, whereas brain and rectal temperatures are not affected or slightly increased in rats (17, ...
Here follows a list of recently published papers
... Consolidation http://www.cell.com/neuron/abstract/S0896-6273%2814%2900443-7 … … human hippocampus episodic memory is supported by a sparse distributed neural code http://medx.cc/322819633 " high levels of cortisol can lead to memory lapses as we age http://bit.ly/1iamESM brain locks down episodic me ...
... Consolidation http://www.cell.com/neuron/abstract/S0896-6273%2814%2900443-7 … … human hippocampus episodic memory is supported by a sparse distributed neural code http://medx.cc/322819633 " high levels of cortisol can lead to memory lapses as we age http://bit.ly/1iamESM brain locks down episodic me ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... Changes in environmental temperature have direct and more rapid effects on skin temperature than on temperatures within the body core. When environmental temperature is lowered, skin temperature rapidly falls, whereas brain and rectal temperatures are not affected or slightly increased in rats (17, ...
... Changes in environmental temperature have direct and more rapid effects on skin temperature than on temperatures within the body core. When environmental temperature is lowered, skin temperature rapidly falls, whereas brain and rectal temperatures are not affected or slightly increased in rats (17, ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. ...
... by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. ...
Central nervous system control of the laryngeal muscles in humans
... Most of the functions that involve the larynx require both intrinsic and extrinsic muscle control, although very little research has addressed how the effects of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles may interact to produce laryngeal movement. Honda et al. (1999) have shown that raising and lowering t ...
... Most of the functions that involve the larynx require both intrinsic and extrinsic muscle control, although very little research has addressed how the effects of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles may interact to produce laryngeal movement. Honda et al. (1999) have shown that raising and lowering t ...
The effect of selective attention on auditory frequency
... noise depends largely on the differences in neural level representations of the auditory inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortical topography. Thus, similar frequencies are processed in close vicinity at AC. The ...
... noise depends largely on the differences in neural level representations of the auditory inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortical topography. Thus, similar frequencies are processed in close vicinity at AC. The ...
Reuss 9..48
... was studied, is presently unknown. In parentheses, it should be noted that a number of methodical parameters render it difficult to draw final conclusions on certain aspects of SCN morphology. For example, day-night differences in the expression of neuroactive substances may not or only inadequately ...
... was studied, is presently unknown. In parentheses, it should be noted that a number of methodical parameters render it difficult to draw final conclusions on certain aspects of SCN morphology. For example, day-night differences in the expression of neuroactive substances may not or only inadequately ...
Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... dynamic stimulation and their response to static tilt, these neurons were classified as vertical semicircular canal related (n Å 79, 71.2%) or otolith related (n Å 25; 22.5%). Only seven neurons did not follow the usual response pattern and were classified as complex neurons. For the vertical canal- ...
... dynamic stimulation and their response to static tilt, these neurons were classified as vertical semicircular canal related (n Å 79, 71.2%) or otolith related (n Å 25; 22.5%). Only seven neurons did not follow the usual response pattern and were classified as complex neurons. For the vertical canal- ...
Mitchell, Emma (2016) Detour pathways of descending motor
... subcortical stroke, the motor cortex from the non-ischaemic hemisphere does not contribute to recovery of the affected limb via increasing its direct CST connections to the denervated (ipsilateral) side of the spinal cord. If the motor cortex from the non-ischaemic hemisphere does take over control ...
... subcortical stroke, the motor cortex from the non-ischaemic hemisphere does not contribute to recovery of the affected limb via increasing its direct CST connections to the denervated (ipsilateral) side of the spinal cord. If the motor cortex from the non-ischaemic hemisphere does take over control ...
The Role of Mirror Neurons in Movement
... during both a monkey’s own action and during observation of another individual performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EM ...
... during both a monkey’s own action and during observation of another individual performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EM ...
ATLAS OF FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY
... The Atlas starts with an Orientation to the various parts of the nervous system, presented from the spinal cord upward to the brain. Radiographic material has been added, since this is the way the CNS will be viewed and investigated by all our students in clinics. The second section, Functional Syst ...
... The Atlas starts with an Orientation to the various parts of the nervous system, presented from the spinal cord upward to the brain. Radiographic material has been added, since this is the way the CNS will be viewed and investigated by all our students in clinics. The second section, Functional Syst ...
Laminar Selectivity of the Cholinergic Suppression of Synaptic
... 1993, 1994) suppressionof intrinsic fiber synaptic transmission during learning prevents the recall of previously stored associations from interfering with the learning of new associations. At the sametime, the weakerinfluence on afferent fiber synapses allows them to undergo self-organization, and ...
... 1993, 1994) suppressionof intrinsic fiber synaptic transmission during learning prevents the recall of previously stored associations from interfering with the learning of new associations. At the sametime, the weakerinfluence on afferent fiber synapses allows them to undergo self-organization, and ...
Dopaminergic and Glutamatergic Dysfunctions
... schizophrenia. Markers of social adversity such as migration, unemployment, urban upbringing, lack of close friends, and childhood abuse are all associated with a wellestablished increased risk for schizophrenia that cannot readily be explained by genetic factors [87-89]. Studies in animals of socia ...
... schizophrenia. Markers of social adversity such as migration, unemployment, urban upbringing, lack of close friends, and childhood abuse are all associated with a wellestablished increased risk for schizophrenia that cannot readily be explained by genetic factors [87-89]. Studies in animals of socia ...
Limbic systems for emotion and for memory, but no
... during memory recall, but the emotional and hippocampal networks or ‘limbic systems’ operate by different computational principles, and operate independently of each other except insofar as an emotional state or reward value attribute may be part of an episodic memory. ...
... during memory recall, but the emotional and hippocampal networks or ‘limbic systems’ operate by different computational principles, and operate independently of each other except insofar as an emotional state or reward value attribute may be part of an episodic memory. ...
to the Proceedings
... Insects are highly mobile animals and, depending on species, show excellent performance in flight, walking, swimming, and jumping. Both by running and in flight, insects can cover considerable distances in short time. Seasonal migrations as well as precision in homing require sophisticated mechanism ...
... Insects are highly mobile animals and, depending on species, show excellent performance in flight, walking, swimming, and jumping. Both by running and in flight, insects can cover considerable distances in short time. Seasonal migrations as well as precision in homing require sophisticated mechanism ...
Comprehensive Review of Golgi Staining Methods for Nervous Tissue
... The Golgi–Cox method was first described by Cox in 1891 and continues to be widely used among other Golgi modifications. In this method, potassium dichromate and potassium chloride are used in the impregnation steps, similar to other methods; however, mercuric chloride can also be added to this meth ...
... The Golgi–Cox method was first described by Cox in 1891 and continues to be widely used among other Golgi modifications. In this method, potassium dichromate and potassium chloride are used in the impregnation steps, similar to other methods; however, mercuric chloride can also be added to this meth ...
Electrophysiological markers of Rapid Eye Movements in
... REMs also occur during certain stages of sleep Ocular movements are not only a predominant features of wakefulness, they are also observed in sleep (Aserinsky and Kleitman 1953) and are indeed used to define and categorize sleep stages: Rapid Eye Movements (REM) and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sle ...
... REMs also occur during certain stages of sleep Ocular movements are not only a predominant features of wakefulness, they are also observed in sleep (Aserinsky and Kleitman 1953) and are indeed used to define and categorize sleep stages: Rapid Eye Movements (REM) and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sle ...
Morphology of Thalamocortical Neurons Projecting
... packing density are the main parameters by which various regions or nuclei have been delineated in the central nervous system. However, the variability in dendritic shapes is large enough that one can postulate that the morphology of neurons projecting to a single target from multiple nuclei may be ...
... packing density are the main parameters by which various regions or nuclei have been delineated in the central nervous system. However, the variability in dendritic shapes is large enough that one can postulate that the morphology of neurons projecting to a single target from multiple nuclei may be ...
view - E-LIB Bremen - Universität Bremen
... of as a self-organizing system that is driven to some working point depending on the external stimuli and synaptic plasticity rules. An astonishing example was provided by Anna Roe and colleagues in the ferret brain [10]: Research has shown that the mammalian brain is divided into areas with distinc ...
... of as a self-organizing system that is driven to some working point depending on the external stimuli and synaptic plasticity rules. An astonishing example was provided by Anna Roe and colleagues in the ferret brain [10]: Research has shown that the mammalian brain is divided into areas with distinc ...
Neuropathological Characteristics of Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury
... N2O and 30% O2) via snout mask. Endotracheal intubation was performed using a 4.5-mm endotracheal tube and maintenance of anesthesia achieved via inhaled isofluorane (2%, 70% N2O and 30% O2). Intravenous access was obtained via cannulation of the ear vein, and normal saline (40 cc/hour) was administ ...
... N2O and 30% O2) via snout mask. Endotracheal intubation was performed using a 4.5-mm endotracheal tube and maintenance of anesthesia achieved via inhaled isofluorane (2%, 70% N2O and 30% O2). Intravenous access was obtained via cannulation of the ear vein, and normal saline (40 cc/hour) was administ ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.