Stereoscopic Processing of Absolute and Relative Disparity in
... signal should be a consequence of the reduction in response from adapted neurons selective for the attribute being tested. The major advantage of this approach is that it targets specific subpopulations of neurons, as response differences can be referred back to adaptation-tagged neurons (Grill-Spec ...
... signal should be a consequence of the reduction in response from adapted neurons selective for the attribute being tested. The major advantage of this approach is that it targets specific subpopulations of neurons, as response differences can be referred back to adaptation-tagged neurons (Grill-Spec ...
Extracellular Glutamate, Glutamine, and GABA in the Hippocampus
... Drug-resistant epilepsy is a significant public health concern. It is associated with a mortality rate five times greater than the general population (4) and with psychiatric comorbidities, social disability, and a reduced quality of life (5). The type of epilepsy predicts drug-responsiveness. Great ...
... Drug-resistant epilepsy is a significant public health concern. It is associated with a mortality rate five times greater than the general population (4) and with psychiatric comorbidities, social disability, and a reduced quality of life (5). The type of epilepsy predicts drug-responsiveness. Great ...
A dendritic disinhibitory circuit mechanism for pathway
... Disinhibiting the branches targeted by one pathway can selectively open the gate for this pathway while keeping the gates closed for other pathways (Fig. 2d). When a gate is open, the neuron’s output firing rate transmits the stimulus selectivity of the corresponding input pathway most effectively (F ...
... Disinhibiting the branches targeted by one pathway can selectively open the gate for this pathway while keeping the gates closed for other pathways (Fig. 2d). When a gate is open, the neuron’s output firing rate transmits the stimulus selectivity of the corresponding input pathway most effectively (F ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... We recorded single-unit activities from the anterior part of the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus (area AIP) and its surrounding areas. We recorded activities of 182 hand-manipulation-related neurons from seven hemispheres of four monkeys. We classified these neurons into three classes accor ...
... We recorded single-unit activities from the anterior part of the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus (area AIP) and its surrounding areas. We recorded activities of 182 hand-manipulation-related neurons from seven hemispheres of four monkeys. We classified these neurons into three classes accor ...
The Morphology of Physiologically Identified GABAergic Neurons in
... the cerebral cortex alone was sufficient to cause a cellular reaction in the nucleus (Chow, 1952; Rose, 1952). As a consequence, and for many years, the idea of the reticular nucleus as the ultimate relay in a diffuse ascending cortical activating system was widespread (e.g., see Jasper, 1960). It i ...
... the cerebral cortex alone was sufficient to cause a cellular reaction in the nucleus (Chow, 1952; Rose, 1952). As a consequence, and for many years, the idea of the reticular nucleus as the ultimate relay in a diffuse ascending cortical activating system was widespread (e.g., see Jasper, 1960). It i ...
Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of
... 1991). Clarification of neural mechanismsof the execution of cocaine self-administration behavior (and other goal-directed behaviors) will require study of neural activity in all of these connected regions. In accordancewith this anatomical profile, a number of electrophysiological studiesperformed ...
... 1991). Clarification of neural mechanismsof the execution of cocaine self-administration behavior (and other goal-directed behaviors) will require study of neural activity in all of these connected regions. In accordancewith this anatomical profile, a number of electrophysiological studiesperformed ...
Ectopic Expression of the Neuropeptide Pigment
... that normally express per plus some extra cells that do not express native per (Kaneko, 1998). In pdf-gal4, gal4 is f used to the upstream regulatory sequence of the pdf gene (Park et al., 2000) and expressed only in the cells that normally produce PDF. The level of gal4 expression is generally very ...
... that normally express per plus some extra cells that do not express native per (Kaneko, 1998). In pdf-gal4, gal4 is f used to the upstream regulatory sequence of the pdf gene (Park et al., 2000) and expressed only in the cells that normally produce PDF. The level of gal4 expression is generally very ...
Magnitude of the Object Recognition Deficit
... interval was included in light of previous evidence (Dix & Aggleton, 1999) that it may provide the most sensitive measure of discrimination. Only the results for the D1 scores are presented, as it was found that some rats from both groups showed unusually low levels of exploration. A consequence was ...
... interval was included in light of previous evidence (Dix & Aggleton, 1999) that it may provide the most sensitive measure of discrimination. Only the results for the D1 scores are presented, as it was found that some rats from both groups showed unusually low levels of exploration. A consequence was ...
Single-Trial Decoding of Visual Attention from Local Field Potentials
... Local field potentials (LFPs) are fluctuations of extracellular voltage that may reflect the physiological phenomena occurring within a volume of neural tissue. It is known that the allocation of spatial attention modulates the amplitude of LFPs in visual areas of primates. An issue that remains poo ...
... Local field potentials (LFPs) are fluctuations of extracellular voltage that may reflect the physiological phenomena occurring within a volume of neural tissue. It is known that the allocation of spatial attention modulates the amplitude of LFPs in visual areas of primates. An issue that remains poo ...
The Mammalian Diving Response: An Enigmatic Reflex to Preserve
... which much physiology is known. Such studies circumvent the technical impediments imposed on studies of large, pelagic diving mammals (34). ...
... which much physiology is known. Such studies circumvent the technical impediments imposed on studies of large, pelagic diving mammals (34). ...
Tuning Curve Shift by Attention Modulation in Cortical Neurons: a
... substitute [I]+ = I and this allows for precise analytical calculations (shown in the Appendix). We prove, however, that our main points regarding this model do not depend on this particular choice (see Fig. 4C). When we simulate an attentional signal with inhibitory surround effect, we use r9A = 0. ...
... substitute [I]+ = I and this allows for precise analytical calculations (shown in the Appendix). We prove, however, that our main points regarding this model do not depend on this particular choice (see Fig. 4C). When we simulate an attentional signal with inhibitory surround effect, we use r9A = 0. ...
Read Here
... effector tools (Ray et al., 2011; Brust et al., 2014; Niederkofler et al., 2016). Here, we apply these tools to characterize the function and projections of Tac1-Pet1 neurons. Studies have linked the control of breathing to 5-HT, substance P, its receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), and medul ...
... effector tools (Ray et al., 2011; Brust et al., 2014; Niederkofler et al., 2016). Here, we apply these tools to characterize the function and projections of Tac1-Pet1 neurons. Studies have linked the control of breathing to 5-HT, substance P, its receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), and medul ...
C:\Vision\15Higher level Pt 2.wpd
... 1.2.3 on the phylogeny of vision. This material highlights the fact that a selection of primates can no longer be used in research related to the maximum performance of the human visual system. The system contains components and circuits that are either rudimentary or absent in these lower species. ...
... 1.2.3 on the phylogeny of vision. This material highlights the fact that a selection of primates can no longer be used in research related to the maximum performance of the human visual system. The system contains components and circuits that are either rudimentary or absent in these lower species. ...
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the control
... research, we combined tract tracing approaches and in vivo electrophysiological recordings to demonstrate that the BST actively relays the excitatory drive from the ILCx to VTA DA neurons (Massi et al., 2008). The vSUB plays an important role in the relapse to cocaine seeking behavior (Rogers and Se ...
... research, we combined tract tracing approaches and in vivo electrophysiological recordings to demonstrate that the BST actively relays the excitatory drive from the ILCx to VTA DA neurons (Massi et al., 2008). The vSUB plays an important role in the relapse to cocaine seeking behavior (Rogers and Se ...
Vestibular System: The Many Facets of a
... planes (i.e., an ωEH signal) can be used to control balance, whereas rotations in the horizontal plane (i.e., an ωEV signal) can be used primarily for navigation. In this particular experiment, such computation could be performed either entirely by vestibular signals or through contributions from bo ...
... planes (i.e., an ωEH signal) can be used to control balance, whereas rotations in the horizontal plane (i.e., an ωEV signal) can be used primarily for navigation. In this particular experiment, such computation could be performed either entirely by vestibular signals or through contributions from bo ...
Neural mechanisms of stimulus generalization in auditory fear
... of neuronal substrates of auditory discrimination. Accumulating evidence has been showing that each one of the pathways alone is sufficient to support auditory fear conditioning. However, according to a recent study, the auditory cortex might be necessary for the recall of auditory fear learning, wh ...
... of neuronal substrates of auditory discrimination. Accumulating evidence has been showing that each one of the pathways alone is sufficient to support auditory fear conditioning. However, according to a recent study, the auditory cortex might be necessary for the recall of auditory fear learning, wh ...
neural projections from nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus
... bundle may also end in the SI, LPO, and LHA. Anatomical techniques were used to determine the extent and topographical organization of fibers from the nucleus accumbens that enter the GP, and the subpallidal region below it that includes the SI, LPO, and the anterior part of the LHA. Since the anato ...
... bundle may also end in the SI, LPO, and LHA. Anatomical techniques were used to determine the extent and topographical organization of fibers from the nucleus accumbens that enter the GP, and the subpallidal region below it that includes the SI, LPO, and the anterior part of the LHA. Since the anato ...
Program
and
Abstracts
from
the
Fifth
Annual
Canadian
Neuroscience
Meeting
May
29
–
June
1
2011
Quebec
City
Convention
Center
... stem cells of inhibitory interneurons generated for the olfactory bulb. About 30, 000 neuronal precursors leave the SVZ every day bound to the olfactory bulb (OB), in a process known as adult neurogenesis. Intensive investigation has revealed myriad molecular cues involved in this form of neuroge ...
... stem cells of inhibitory interneurons generated for the olfactory bulb. About 30, 000 neuronal precursors leave the SVZ every day bound to the olfactory bulb (OB), in a process known as adult neurogenesis. Intensive investigation has revealed myriad molecular cues involved in this form of neuroge ...
Control of echolocation pulses by neurons of the nucleus ambiguus
... thus included parts of the rostral SLN-area. Efferent projections In all experiments, fibers which were labelled took their origin at the injection site and travelled in different directions, sometimes combined in compact fiber bundles. Part of these fibers possibly were axons of retrogradely labell ...
... thus included parts of the rostral SLN-area. Efferent projections In all experiments, fibers which were labelled took their origin at the injection site and travelled in different directions, sometimes combined in compact fiber bundles. Part of these fibers possibly were axons of retrogradely labell ...
The Placebo Effect
... placebo effect, or response, is a biological phenomenon that is due to the psychosocial context of the patient and the therapy. It is important to point out that contextual and social stimuli may affect the patient’s brain and body in many ways, such that there is not a single placebo effect but ins ...
... placebo effect, or response, is a biological phenomenon that is due to the psychosocial context of the patient and the therapy. It is important to point out that contextual and social stimuli may affect the patient’s brain and body in many ways, such that there is not a single placebo effect but ins ...
Neuroimaging and neuropsychological findings in
... example, several studies have suggested that adult OCD is characterized by a prominent impairment in response inhibition [3,4] , which could be conceptualized as an adult OCD endophenotype [5,6] . In examining pediatric OCD, neuropsychological performance may serve as a bridge between brain functio ...
... example, several studies have suggested that adult OCD is characterized by a prominent impairment in response inhibition [3,4] , which could be conceptualized as an adult OCD endophenotype [5,6] . In examining pediatric OCD, neuropsychological performance may serve as a bridge between brain functio ...
High-frequency stimulation in Parkinson`s disease: more
... Deep-brain stimulation at high frequency is now considered the most effective neurosurgical therapy for movement disorders. An electrode is chronically implanted in a particular area of the brain and, when continuously stimulated, it significantly alleviates motor symptoms. In Parkinson’s disease, c ...
... Deep-brain stimulation at high frequency is now considered the most effective neurosurgical therapy for movement disorders. An electrode is chronically implanted in a particular area of the brain and, when continuously stimulated, it significantly alleviates motor symptoms. In Parkinson’s disease, c ...
Virtual dissection and comparative connectivity of the superior
... lobule with the supplementary motor area, posterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal premotor cortex, and the rostral part of primary motor cortex. SLF II is located inferior and lateral to SLF I and links posterior inferior parietal cortex with dorsal premotor cortex and dorsolateral prefront ...
... lobule with the supplementary motor area, posterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal premotor cortex, and the rostral part of primary motor cortex. SLF II is located inferior and lateral to SLF I and links posterior inferior parietal cortex with dorsal premotor cortex and dorsolateral prefront ...
the role of zinc in the pathogenesis and treatment of central nervous
... precisely controlled in narrow concentration range, since even slightly disturbance may lead to neuronal damage during pathological ischemic conditions. The role of zinc in depression Despite of intensive clinical studies on depressive disorders, it is difficult to elucidate its pathophysiology. The ...
... precisely controlled in narrow concentration range, since even slightly disturbance may lead to neuronal damage during pathological ischemic conditions. The role of zinc in depression Despite of intensive clinical studies on depressive disorders, it is difficult to elucidate its pathophysiology. The ...
glial versus neuronal uptake of glutamate
... release (Nadler et al. 1976). Glutamate uptake, and its loss after lesions of excitatory inputs to the hippocampus were shown in autoradiographic studies to be localized in the known target areas of these projections (Storm-Mathisen, 1977). Aspartate is taken up by a high-affinity transport system w ...
... release (Nadler et al. 1976). Glutamate uptake, and its loss after lesions of excitatory inputs to the hippocampus were shown in autoradiographic studies to be localized in the known target areas of these projections (Storm-Mathisen, 1977). Aspartate is taken up by a high-affinity transport system w ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.