Author`s personal copy - Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives
... in PD patients (Dostrovsky et al., 2000) and sup ported by computational models (Johnson and McIntyre, 2008). On the other hand, no clear time-lock has been observed in another study on MPTP-treated monkeys (McCairn and Turner, 2009), where the majority of GPi and GPe neu rons responded to repeate ...
... in PD patients (Dostrovsky et al., 2000) and sup ported by computational models (Johnson and McIntyre, 2008). On the other hand, no clear time-lock has been observed in another study on MPTP-treated monkeys (McCairn and Turner, 2009), where the majority of GPi and GPe neu rons responded to repeate ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... example, the probability of the second event occurring must be higher when the first event has occurred than when the first event has not occurred. Both psychological and neural models of associative learning (Schultz and Dickinson, 2000) suggest that the change in behaviour results primarily from the ...
... example, the probability of the second event occurring must be higher when the first event has occurred than when the first event has not occurred. Both psychological and neural models of associative learning (Schultz and Dickinson, 2000) suggest that the change in behaviour results primarily from the ...
Jesús Pujol Martí Neural map organization and development in the lateral-line system
... The nervous system has seized scientists‟ attention throughout the ages. Anatomical methods are the oldest way for studying the nervous system and have uncovered basic principles of its organization, defining a valuable groundwork for understanding its functions. Another important source of informat ...
... The nervous system has seized scientists‟ attention throughout the ages. Anatomical methods are the oldest way for studying the nervous system and have uncovered basic principles of its organization, defining a valuable groundwork for understanding its functions. Another important source of informat ...
Functional Neuroimaging Insights into the Physiology of Human Sleep
... Functional brain imaging has been used in humans to noninvasively investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the generation of sleep stages. On the one hand, REM sleep has been associated with the activation of the pons, thalamus, limbic areas, and temporo-occipital cortices, and the deactivation ...
... Functional brain imaging has been used in humans to noninvasively investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the generation of sleep stages. On the one hand, REM sleep has been associated with the activation of the pons, thalamus, limbic areas, and temporo-occipital cortices, and the deactivation ...
Chapter 3 Overlapping circuits for relative value and selective
... predict the timing of reward delivery, even in a phase of the task when the cells are not driven by a visual stimulus. This result is remarkable because V1 neurons are usually thought to code low-level visual features rather than the value of stimuli. However, a recent study by Serences (2008) obser ...
... predict the timing of reward delivery, even in a phase of the task when the cells are not driven by a visual stimulus. This result is remarkable because V1 neurons are usually thought to code low-level visual features rather than the value of stimuli. However, a recent study by Serences (2008) obser ...
- TestbankU
... 16. Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn’t move one side of her body and had great difficulty speaking. The physician informed Conan that his mother may have had a stroke. He wanted to confirm this speculation by using an imaging device that utilized Xrays. Which of th ...
... 16. Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn’t move one side of her body and had great difficulty speaking. The physician informed Conan that his mother may have had a stroke. He wanted to confirm this speculation by using an imaging device that utilized Xrays. Which of th ...
The subthalamic nucleus in the context of movement disorders
... The average number of neurons in each STN nucleus varies from species to species and has been estimated to be ~25 000 in rats, 35 000 in marmosets, 155 000 in macaques, 230 000 in baboons and 560 000 in humans (Oorschot, 1996; Hardman et al., 1997, 2002). The density of STN neurons (number of neuron ...
... The average number of neurons in each STN nucleus varies from species to species and has been estimated to be ~25 000 in rats, 35 000 in marmosets, 155 000 in macaques, 230 000 in baboons and 560 000 in humans (Oorschot, 1996; Hardman et al., 1997, 2002). The density of STN neurons (number of neuron ...
Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the
... et al., 1981; Amaral and Price, 1984) and rats (Bacon et al., 1996), and cortical projections to the amygdala arise primarily from the deep layers (Aggleton et al., 1980; Ottersen, 1982; Russchen, 1982; Cassell et al., 1989; Stefanacci et al., 1996). However, the prefrontal cortex in primates is com ...
... et al., 1981; Amaral and Price, 1984) and rats (Bacon et al., 1996), and cortical projections to the amygdala arise primarily from the deep layers (Aggleton et al., 1980; Ottersen, 1982; Russchen, 1982; Cassell et al., 1989; Stefanacci et al., 1996). However, the prefrontal cortex in primates is com ...
A role for subplate neurons in the patterning of
... thalamocortical connections: interactions involving subplate neurons must also be present. ...
... thalamocortical connections: interactions involving subplate neurons must also be present. ...
Extraction of Sensory Parameters from a Neural Map by Primary
... here is equivalent to a Cartesian coordinate system for computing the stimulus direction vector. For any air current stimulus direction, the firing rates of the active interneurons could be decoded as Cartesian coordinates by neurons at successive processing stages. The implications of this Cartesia ...
... here is equivalent to a Cartesian coordinate system for computing the stimulus direction vector. For any air current stimulus direction, the firing rates of the active interneurons could be decoded as Cartesian coordinates by neurons at successive processing stages. The implications of this Cartesia ...
as a PDF
... both the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. These stimuli are sensed by two kinds of receptors: osmoreceptor-Na⫹ receptors and volume or pressure receptors. This information is conveyed to specific areas of the central nervous system responsible for an integrated response, which dep ...
... both the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. These stimuli are sensed by two kinds of receptors: osmoreceptor-Na⫹ receptors and volume or pressure receptors. This information is conveyed to specific areas of the central nervous system responsible for an integrated response, which dep ...
Get PDF file
... In recent years we have developed a model of auditory cortical organization in nonhuman primates based on a wide range of anatomical and physiological findings (Hackett et al., 1998a; Kaas et al., 1999; Kaas and Hackett, 2000). According to the model, primate auditory cortex consists of three major ...
... In recent years we have developed a model of auditory cortical organization in nonhuman primates based on a wide range of anatomical and physiological findings (Hackett et al., 1998a; Kaas et al., 1999; Kaas and Hackett, 2000). According to the model, primate auditory cortex consists of three major ...
NIH Public Access
... PTSD at some point in their lifetime (Kessler and others 1995; Stein and others 2000). Of those afflicted with PTSD, more than a third fail to recover even after many years (Kessler and others 1995). A deeper understanding of the neurobiological basis of PTSD may explain individual differences in su ...
... PTSD at some point in their lifetime (Kessler and others 1995; Stein and others 2000). Of those afflicted with PTSD, more than a third fail to recover even after many years (Kessler and others 1995). A deeper understanding of the neurobiological basis of PTSD may explain individual differences in su ...
Organization of Visual Inputs to the Inferior Temporal and Posterior
... wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGAHRP; 0.2 pi/injection) was injected into the inferior temporal cortex. In all cases, the injection volumes listed were greater than the effective injection volumes, as we observed considerable amounts of tracer leaking out of the cortex ...
... wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGAHRP; 0.2 pi/injection) was injected into the inferior temporal cortex. In all cases, the injection volumes listed were greater than the effective injection volumes, as we observed considerable amounts of tracer leaking out of the cortex ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... slices were fixed at 4°C for at least 24 h in 100 mM PB, pH 7.4, containing either 4% paraformaldehyde or 1% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Slices containing biocytinfilled neurons that were destined for lightmicroscopic analysis only, were processed using a modified protocol described pr ...
... slices were fixed at 4°C for at least 24 h in 100 mM PB, pH 7.4, containing either 4% paraformaldehyde or 1% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Slices containing biocytinfilled neurons that were destined for lightmicroscopic analysis only, were processed using a modified protocol described pr ...
Basal Ganglia objectives - NBio401
... -Be able to explain how, in addition to the pathways affecting limb movements, there are other loops between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex that perform analogous functions for oculomotor, executive, and emotional systems. - Be able to describe the type of learning in which the basal ganglia ...
... -Be able to explain how, in addition to the pathways affecting limb movements, there are other loops between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex that perform analogous functions for oculomotor, executive, and emotional systems. - Be able to describe the type of learning in which the basal ganglia ...
computational modeling of observational learning - FORTH-ICS
... experiences, i.e. the rules and knowledge that we have accumulated throughout our interactions with others and the environment, are used as a substrate in order to understand and perceive an observed action (Decety and Ingvar, 1990). This striking property of our perceptual system is also respons ...
... experiences, i.e. the rules and knowledge that we have accumulated throughout our interactions with others and the environment, are used as a substrate in order to understand and perceive an observed action (Decety and Ingvar, 1990). This striking property of our perceptual system is also respons ...
Enhanced Modulation of Neuronal Activity during
... GP might regulate eye movements through the nigro-collicular descending circuitry and through the basal ganglia--thalamocortical pathways. Keywords: antisaccade, globus pallidus, inactivation, physiology, primate ...
... GP might regulate eye movements through the nigro-collicular descending circuitry and through the basal ganglia--thalamocortical pathways. Keywords: antisaccade, globus pallidus, inactivation, physiology, primate ...
Neurophysiological involvement in hypervolemic hyponatremia
... of 2% or 5% per hour over 2 h had a biphasic effect on AVP secretion: a short suppression (<60 min) followed by a rebound ...
... of 2% or 5% per hour over 2 h had a biphasic effect on AVP secretion: a short suppression (<60 min) followed by a rebound ...
connections of the hypothalamus and preoptic area with nuclei of
... following selective injeotions into the posterior part of the cortical nucleus (Fig. 4, R76). After injections into other amygdaloid nuclei no HlZP labeled cells were seen in the vent.r8al plremammillary nucleus (F'ig. 4, R95, R94, R60 and Fig. 5, R20). The HRP labeled cells in the posterior hypotha ...
... following selective injeotions into the posterior part of the cortical nucleus (Fig. 4, R76). After injections into other amygdaloid nuclei no HlZP labeled cells were seen in the vent.r8al plremammillary nucleus (F'ig. 4, R95, R94, R60 and Fig. 5, R20). The HRP labeled cells in the posterior hypotha ...
Quinto trabajo
... were similar between P3 until the adulthood (Fig. 3A) whereas in the striatum, the maximum levels were detected at P3 decreasing until P15 and maintained until the adulthood (Fig. 3B). When compared to wild-type animals, Bax KO mice showed increased Bim protein levels in both brain areas but at diff ...
... were similar between P3 until the adulthood (Fig. 3A) whereas in the striatum, the maximum levels were detected at P3 decreasing until P15 and maintained until the adulthood (Fig. 3B). When compared to wild-type animals, Bax KO mice showed increased Bim protein levels in both brain areas but at diff ...
Chemosensory Convergence on Primary Olfactory Cortex
... projections from neocortical areas, including taste-related areas in agranular insular cortex (Cinelli et al., 1987; Krushel and van der Kooy, 1988; Datiche et al., 1996). Input from insular cortex is especially pronounced in the pPC (Johnson et al., 2000). This connectivity ideally situates pPC to ...
... projections from neocortical areas, including taste-related areas in agranular insular cortex (Cinelli et al., 1987; Krushel and van der Kooy, 1988; Datiche et al., 1996). Input from insular cortex is especially pronounced in the pPC (Johnson et al., 2000). This connectivity ideally situates pPC to ...
concurrent, distributed control of saccade initiation in the frontal eye
... The third pathway is a projection to mesencephalic and pontine nuclei26,28,93-96. The FEF projects weakly and inconsistently to the ipsilateral nucleus of Darkschewitsch, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, and rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. FEF also projects weakly t ...
... The third pathway is a projection to mesencephalic and pontine nuclei26,28,93-96. The FEF projects weakly and inconsistently to the ipsilateral nucleus of Darkschewitsch, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, and rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. FEF also projects weakly t ...
Motor Cortex Neural Correlates of Output Kinematics and Kinetics
... apparent instantaneous directionality of muscle activity, when expressed in hand-centered spatial coordinates, remained relatively stable during the isometric ramps but often showed a large transient shift during deceleration of the arm movements. Single-neuron and population-level activity in M1 sh ...
... apparent instantaneous directionality of muscle activity, when expressed in hand-centered spatial coordinates, remained relatively stable during the isometric ramps but often showed a large transient shift during deceleration of the arm movements. Single-neuron and population-level activity in M1 sh ...
Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus
... cord (Rye et al., 1988; Spann and Grofova, 1989). Although initially considered to function as a relay nucleus within ascending activating systems, increasing evidence on the neuronal heterogeneity of the PPN and its local synaptic organization, suggest that this high level of connectivity with func ...
... cord (Rye et al., 1988; Spann and Grofova, 1989). Although initially considered to function as a relay nucleus within ascending activating systems, increasing evidence on the neuronal heterogeneity of the PPN and its local synaptic organization, suggest that this high level of connectivity with func ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.