Neural Syntax: Cell Assemblies, Synapsembles, and
... activity of other neurons was found when spiking of peer neurons was assessed in 10–30 ms epochs (Figure 2; Jensen and Lisman, 1996, 2000; Harris et al., 2003; Kelemen and Fenton, 2010; Lansner, 2009). When two cells with distinct place fields (O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978) were examined their activity w ...
... activity of other neurons was found when spiking of peer neurons was assessed in 10–30 ms epochs (Figure 2; Jensen and Lisman, 1996, 2000; Harris et al., 2003; Kelemen and Fenton, 2010; Lansner, 2009). When two cells with distinct place fields (O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978) were examined their activity w ...
HB-GAM (pleiotrophin) reverses inhibition of neural
... that might modulate functions of the CNS matrix in the juvenile brain which displays high plasticity in comparison to the adult brain. HB-GAM/pleiotrophin was initially isolated as a heparin-binding neurite outgrowth-promoting factor for central neurons8,9. Its expression peaks during the first 3–4 ...
... that might modulate functions of the CNS matrix in the juvenile brain which displays high plasticity in comparison to the adult brain. HB-GAM/pleiotrophin was initially isolated as a heparin-binding neurite outgrowth-promoting factor for central neurons8,9. Its expression peaks during the first 3–4 ...
Impaired odour discrimination on desynchronization of odour
... We have previously shown that picrotoxin (PCT) applied to the locust antennal lobe selectively blocks the fast inhibitory synapse between local and projection neurons and abolishes their oscillatory synchronization: this manipulation altered neither the response profiles of projection neurons to odo ...
... We have previously shown that picrotoxin (PCT) applied to the locust antennal lobe selectively blocks the fast inhibitory synapse between local and projection neurons and abolishes their oscillatory synchronization: this manipulation altered neither the response profiles of projection neurons to odo ...
Document
... maintaining normal motor behavior. -Decreased; muscles are rigid and movements are difficult. i.e. Parkinson’s Disease (T.R.A.P.) -Increased; May be related to schizophrenia (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech) ...
... maintaining normal motor behavior. -Decreased; muscles are rigid and movements are difficult. i.e. Parkinson’s Disease (T.R.A.P.) -Increased; May be related to schizophrenia (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech) ...
Flow-metabolism coupling in human visual, motor, and
... Regional CMRO2⫺CBF Coupling BOLD and CBF images acquired at the appropriate oblique orientation are displayed for a representative subject in Fig. 2b and c, respectively, with data overlaid for the separate motor (red) and visual (blue) tasks. The thresholded CBF image (CBF zstat ⬎ 2.3, cluster p-th ...
... Regional CMRO2⫺CBF Coupling BOLD and CBF images acquired at the appropriate oblique orientation are displayed for a representative subject in Fig. 2b and c, respectively, with data overlaid for the separate motor (red) and visual (blue) tasks. The thresholded CBF image (CBF zstat ⬎ 2.3, cluster p-th ...
Somatosensory Cortical Activity in Relation to Arm Posture
... deformed locally by rotation about more than one joint (Edin 1992; Edin and Abbs 1991; Edin and Johansson 1995)) one might expect that cutaneous afferents would also be sensitive to changes in the posture of the limb as a whole. Neurons in cortical areas other than SI are also tuned to the position ...
... deformed locally by rotation about more than one joint (Edin 1992; Edin and Abbs 1991; Edin and Johansson 1995)) one might expect that cutaneous afferents would also be sensitive to changes in the posture of the limb as a whole. Neurons in cortical areas other than SI are also tuned to the position ...
Seeing faces and objects with the “mind`s eye”
... to generate any vivid images of these faces; Imagery from STM + Attention, in which subjects were presented with names of famous faces they had seen and memorized shortly before, and were instructed to generate vivid images of these faces and then to answer questions about some facial feature (e.g., ...
... to generate any vivid images of these faces; Imagery from STM + Attention, in which subjects were presented with names of famous faces they had seen and memorized shortly before, and were instructed to generate vivid images of these faces and then to answer questions about some facial feature (e.g., ...
Histamine reduces firing and bursting of anterior and intralaminar
... accompanied by a reduction of bursts that were possibly induced by low-threshold Ca++ spikes. The inhibition of firing could be caused by a direct postsynaptic hyperpolarization or by a reduction of endogenous depolarizing events. An involvement of activated GABAergic interneurons can be neglected, ...
... accompanied by a reduction of bursts that were possibly induced by low-threshold Ca++ spikes. The inhibition of firing could be caused by a direct postsynaptic hyperpolarization or by a reduction of endogenous depolarizing events. An involvement of activated GABAergic interneurons can be neglected, ...
Cerebral correlates of delta waves during non
... orbitofrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex (Fig. 1, left panel) are in agreement with that preceding work. However, since delta oscillations are more profuse during NREM sleep than during wakefulness in normal human subjects and as this study was aimed at exploring the cerebral correlat ...
... orbitofrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex (Fig. 1, left panel) are in agreement with that preceding work. However, since delta oscillations are more profuse during NREM sleep than during wakefulness in normal human subjects and as this study was aimed at exploring the cerebral correlat ...
Chapter 122: Neurocircuitry Of Parkinson`s Disease
... able data. The focusing model, however, is difficult to reconcile with the fact that basal ganglia neurons become active after changes in cortex and thalamus are manifest (13,63, 73,75,103,202,293,294,309). Both models are at odds with the fact that although STN lesions (thus an interference with th ...
... able data. The focusing model, however, is difficult to reconcile with the fact that basal ganglia neurons become active after changes in cortex and thalamus are manifest (13,63, 73,75,103,202,293,294,309). Both models are at odds with the fact that although STN lesions (thus an interference with th ...
Vdhjections InducedInto the Auditory Pathway of Ferrets. I
... subject of intense examination. However, it is not known whether cortical cells in different sensory cortices process information in a way that is specific to the modality of their input, or whether there are commonalities in processing circuitry across different cortices. In our laboratory, this qu ...
... subject of intense examination. However, it is not known whether cortical cells in different sensory cortices process information in a way that is specific to the modality of their input, or whether there are commonalities in processing circuitry across different cortices. In our laboratory, this qu ...
BMC Neuroscience Serial pathways from primate prefrontal cortex to autonomic areas
... lower pathway leading to the spinal cord. Specifically, the pathways overlapped in several hypothalamic centers that are involved in autonomic control, including the dorsal hypothalamic area and tuberomammillary nucleus (Fig. 1C, DA, TM), the perifornical nucleus (Fig. 1D, Pef), and the fields of Fo ...
... lower pathway leading to the spinal cord. Specifically, the pathways overlapped in several hypothalamic centers that are involved in autonomic control, including the dorsal hypothalamic area and tuberomammillary nucleus (Fig. 1C, DA, TM), the perifornical nucleus (Fig. 1D, Pef), and the fields of Fo ...
Stereologic analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the
... Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208001, New Haven, CT 06520-8001, USA Received 11 December 2005; received in revised form 29 October 2006; accepted 2 November 2006 ...
... Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208001, New Haven, CT 06520-8001, USA Received 11 December 2005; received in revised form 29 October 2006; accepted 2 November 2006 ...
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... nucleus, and the ventral part projects to the ventral and central caudate nucleus (293). A topographic connection has been reported in projections from the orbital and medial PFC. The medial PFC preferentially projects to the ventral striatum (medial caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, ventral putam ...
... nucleus, and the ventral part projects to the ventral and central caudate nucleus (293). A topographic connection has been reported in projections from the orbital and medial PFC. The medial PFC preferentially projects to the ventral striatum (medial caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, ventral putam ...
PROGRAMME and ABSTRACTS
... Reorganization of the visual cortex following monocular circumscribed retinal lesions: Update on Hebbian learning rules Mathew Diamond (SISSA, Trieste, Italy) What is stored in the hippocampus during a tactile categorization task? Malgorzata Kossut (Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Wars ...
... Reorganization of the visual cortex following monocular circumscribed retinal lesions: Update on Hebbian learning rules Mathew Diamond (SISSA, Trieste, Italy) What is stored in the hippocampus during a tactile categorization task? Malgorzata Kossut (Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Wars ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... originates also from LC and dorsal raphe (7 ,9). According to literature data on DOP AC significance in brain areas predominantly innervated by noradrenergic neurons, DOPAC levels in the MVN and LC were interpreted as a ret1ection of NE synthesis (17,18). On the other hand, the ratio 5HIAA/ 5HT was ...
... originates also from LC and dorsal raphe (7 ,9). According to literature data on DOP AC significance in brain areas predominantly innervated by noradrenergic neurons, DOPAC levels in the MVN and LC were interpreted as a ret1ection of NE synthesis (17,18). On the other hand, the ratio 5HIAA/ 5HT was ...
Central mechanisms of osmosensation and systemic osmoregulation
... anticipatory responses that might buffer the potential impact of ingestion-related osmotic perturbations61. Indeed, water intake causes satiety in thirsty humans and animals before ECF hyperosmolality is fully corrected27,62 (FIG. 4b). Similarly, gastric water loading has been shown to lower osmotic ...
... anticipatory responses that might buffer the potential impact of ingestion-related osmotic perturbations61. Indeed, water intake causes satiety in thirsty humans and animals before ECF hyperosmolality is fully corrected27,62 (FIG. 4b). Similarly, gastric water loading has been shown to lower osmotic ...
Review Inhibitory neurotransmission, plasticity and aging in the
... auditory circuits are similar to age and deafferentation plasticity changes observed in other sensory systems. Although few studies have examined sensory aging in the wild, these age-related changes would likely compromise an animal’s ability to avoid predation or to be a successful predator in thei ...
... auditory circuits are similar to age and deafferentation plasticity changes observed in other sensory systems. Although few studies have examined sensory aging in the wild, these age-related changes would likely compromise an animal’s ability to avoid predation or to be a successful predator in thei ...
Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a
... cortex compared with control (Wistar) rats. The peptide levels of these neuropeptides in brain areas mentioned above were both apparently higher than that in normal Wistar rats as well. However, in cerebellums, neither SST nor NPY was significantly changed compared with control group. The immunohist ...
... cortex compared with control (Wistar) rats. The peptide levels of these neuropeptides in brain areas mentioned above were both apparently higher than that in normal Wistar rats as well. However, in cerebellums, neither SST nor NPY was significantly changed compared with control group. The immunohist ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... hippocampus, piriform cortex, neocortex and thalamus (Krnjevic and Phillis, 1963; Krjnevic et al., 1971; see review in Hasselmo, 1995). Here the review will focus on data regarding cholinergic modulation in the hippocampus and piriform cortex, but data from the neocortex suggests similar principles ...
... hippocampus, piriform cortex, neocortex and thalamus (Krnjevic and Phillis, 1963; Krjnevic et al., 1971; see review in Hasselmo, 1995). Here the review will focus on data regarding cholinergic modulation in the hippocampus and piriform cortex, but data from the neocortex suggests similar principles ...
Mental state inference using visual control parameters
... current study, the utilization of mental imagery for mental state inference was the emphasis, mental simulation mechanisms can also play an important role in motor planning as suggested by the Prospective Action Model (PAM) in which movement alternatives are simulated and evaluated to determine the ...
... current study, the utilization of mental imagery for mental state inference was the emphasis, mental simulation mechanisms can also play an important role in motor planning as suggested by the Prospective Action Model (PAM) in which movement alternatives are simulated and evaluated to determine the ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... For more than 30 years, psychophysical studies of visual pattern perception have paralleled research on the neurophysiological response properties of neurons in the visual cortex. The prevailing view has been that psychophysical judgements about pattern discrimination and pattern appearance are limi ...
... For more than 30 years, psychophysical studies of visual pattern perception have paralleled research on the neurophysiological response properties of neurons in the visual cortex. The prevailing view has been that psychophysical judgements about pattern discrimination and pattern appearance are limi ...
Spike-Wave Complexes and Fast Components of Cortically
... compensated fluid loss during experiments, and ensured stability of intracellular recordings by using the same procedures as described for acutely prepared animals in a companion paper (Steriade et al. 1998a). In a further 22 experiments, neuronally isolated slabs were prepared from cat suprasylvian ...
... compensated fluid loss during experiments, and ensured stability of intracellular recordings by using the same procedures as described for acutely prepared animals in a companion paper (Steriade et al. 1998a). In a further 22 experiments, neuronally isolated slabs were prepared from cat suprasylvian ...
Gao JCN 2000 - Georgia State University
... cortex matured. However, this maturational pattern was interrupted by an unexpected surge in the proportion of GABA-ir neurons at postnatal day (P) 60. This occurred long after the cortical layers were in place, and near the close of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity (Chapman et al ...
... cortex matured. However, this maturational pattern was interrupted by an unexpected surge in the proportion of GABA-ir neurons at postnatal day (P) 60. This occurred long after the cortical layers were in place, and near the close of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity (Chapman et al ...
PDF file - Izhikevich
... arrows), i.e. E, is not in the group. Step 3 is similar to step 2: Determine common postsynaptic targets of B, C, D, F and G, which are H–L. Those targets that have matching delays and superthreshold input, i.e. I, J, L, are part of the group. The rest, i.e. H and K, are not. Repeat this step until ...
... arrows), i.e. E, is not in the group. Step 3 is similar to step 2: Determine common postsynaptic targets of B, C, D, F and G, which are H–L. Those targets that have matching delays and superthreshold input, i.e. I, J, L, are part of the group. The rest, i.e. H and K, are not. Repeat this step until ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.