SECTION A.1 – ELECTRICAL IMBALANCE IN AUTISM A. Evidence
... functions by electrical currents passing along its wires, which are specialized cells called neurons that connect to each other at junctions called synapses. Synaptic activity is controlled by chemicals called neurotransmitters. You have probably heard of several neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, ...
... functions by electrical currents passing along its wires, which are specialized cells called neurons that connect to each other at junctions called synapses. Synaptic activity is controlled by chemicals called neurotransmitters. You have probably heard of several neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, ...
Nervous System PPT
... central nervous system: BRAIN Brain stem-has gray matter & neurons responsible for sleep-wake cycle; damage to certain area can cause coma ...
... central nervous system: BRAIN Brain stem-has gray matter & neurons responsible for sleep-wake cycle; damage to certain area can cause coma ...
PPT
... • Preferences for particular stimulus speeds and motion directions(LFP, MUA) • Performance in a speed discrimination task(LFP, MUA) ...
... • Preferences for particular stimulus speeds and motion directions(LFP, MUA) • Performance in a speed discrimination task(LFP, MUA) ...
Features of Neuronal Synchrony in Mouse Visual Cortex
... Off-line analysis was performed using LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, TX) and IDL (Research Systems, Boulder, CO). Oscillatory response modulation and synchronization were analyzed by computing and averaging auto- and cross-correlograms for all trials per condition and recording site with a b ...
... Off-line analysis was performed using LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, TX) and IDL (Research Systems, Boulder, CO). Oscillatory response modulation and synchronization were analyzed by computing and averaging auto- and cross-correlograms for all trials per condition and recording site with a b ...
The dual nature of time preparation: neural
... period duration were assumed to reflect, respectively, the excitability of the cortico-spinal pathway and the recruitment of inhibitory cortical interneurons. Shorter reaction times were observed with the shorter foreperiod, indicating that a better level of preparation was attained for the short fo ...
... period duration were assumed to reflect, respectively, the excitability of the cortico-spinal pathway and the recruitment of inhibitory cortical interneurons. Shorter reaction times were observed with the shorter foreperiod, indicating that a better level of preparation was attained for the short fo ...
Structure-function relationship in hierarchical model of brain networks
... The mammalian brain is, with its numerous neural elements and structured complex connectivity, one of the most complex systems in nature. Recently, large-scale corticocortical connectivities, both structural and functional, have received a great deal of research attention, especially using the appro ...
... The mammalian brain is, with its numerous neural elements and structured complex connectivity, one of the most complex systems in nature. Recently, large-scale corticocortical connectivities, both structural and functional, have received a great deal of research attention, especially using the appro ...
Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
`off` responses in cat visual cortical receptive fields
... may be considered as similar to the effect of alternate strabismus, where the RFs from each eye will never be activated synchronously. According to the theories of Hebb (1949) and Stent (1973), activity-dependent competition will occur at the level of the first-order cells where the two inputs conve ...
... may be considered as similar to the effect of alternate strabismus, where the RFs from each eye will never be activated synchronously. According to the theories of Hebb (1949) and Stent (1973), activity-dependent competition will occur at the level of the first-order cells where the two inputs conve ...
Direction of action is represented in the ventral premotor cortex
... location of a target, specified in an external coordinate frame, into a set of muscle activation patterns, specified in an intrinsic coordinate frame. Insight into the sensorimotor transformations involved in this process1,2 and how these transformations are implemented in the central nervous system ...
... location of a target, specified in an external coordinate frame, into a set of muscle activation patterns, specified in an intrinsic coordinate frame. Insight into the sensorimotor transformations involved in this process1,2 and how these transformations are implemented in the central nervous system ...
Document
... cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. They result in part of the brain not functioning properly. Signs and symptoms of a stroke may include an inability to move or feel on one side of the body ...
... cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. They result in part of the brain not functioning properly. Signs and symptoms of a stroke may include an inability to move or feel on one side of the body ...
Contextual modulation of primary visual cortex by auditory signals
... feedforward geniculate inputs activate classical receptive fields, whereas auditory signals activate the non-classical receptive field of V1 neurons, carried by cortical feedback. Top-down auditory signals to V1 may originate directly from auditory cortex, or indirectly via extrastriate cortex or mu ...
... feedforward geniculate inputs activate classical receptive fields, whereas auditory signals activate the non-classical receptive field of V1 neurons, carried by cortical feedback. Top-down auditory signals to V1 may originate directly from auditory cortex, or indirectly via extrastriate cortex or mu ...
Behavioral and Pathological Effects in the Rat
... from altered neurotransmission, mostly within the basal ganglia (reviewed by Cadet, 1989). The permanent nature of the syndrome suggested, however, that it would more likely be associated with permanent histopathological changes. Silverstaining data indicated that sparse axonal degeneration may occu ...
... from altered neurotransmission, mostly within the basal ganglia (reviewed by Cadet, 1989). The permanent nature of the syndrome suggested, however, that it would more likely be associated with permanent histopathological changes. Silverstaining data indicated that sparse axonal degeneration may occu ...
Протокол
... from the cerebral cortex with movement-produced somatosensory feedback from the spinal cord and information about balance from the vestibular receptors in the inner ear. Errors are corrected by affecting the planning, timing, and coordination of muscular contractions during movement. The basal gangl ...
... from the cerebral cortex with movement-produced somatosensory feedback from the spinal cord and information about balance from the vestibular receptors in the inner ear. Errors are corrected by affecting the planning, timing, and coordination of muscular contractions during movement. The basal gangl ...
Cover page
... Our laboratory seeks to understand how the needs of the body determine which sensory cues are attended to, learned, and remembered. In particular, we are investigating how natural and experimentally induced states of hunger modulate neural representations of food cues, and the consequences for obesi ...
... Our laboratory seeks to understand how the needs of the body determine which sensory cues are attended to, learned, and remembered. In particular, we are investigating how natural and experimentally induced states of hunger modulate neural representations of food cues, and the consequences for obesi ...
Stimulation-Induced Functional Decoupling (SIFD)
... Eigen-frequency of STN neurons: low-frequency, thus: high-frequency (≥100 Hz) can delay or decrease the response. STN neurons dynamical properties underlie their activity decrease during DBS (Modolo and Beuter, in preparation). ...
... Eigen-frequency of STN neurons: low-frequency, thus: high-frequency (≥100 Hz) can delay or decrease the response. STN neurons dynamical properties underlie their activity decrease during DBS (Modolo and Beuter, in preparation). ...
The subtle body: an interoceptive map of central nervous system
... channel where it starts at the forehead hub, entwining around it there and at each of the next five hubs, and then separating from it in the pelvic region. The left, described as milky (idā) or easy (lalanā), is said to be whitish in tone, to carry lunar energies and feminine drops, and to end at ...
... channel where it starts at the forehead hub, entwining around it there and at each of the next five hubs, and then separating from it in the pelvic region. The left, described as milky (idā) or easy (lalanā), is said to be whitish in tone, to carry lunar energies and feminine drops, and to end at ...
No Slide Title
... - 4 consecutive correct answers make stimulus more difficult to see by a fixed amount. - 2 consecutive incorrect answers make stimulus easier to see by a fixed amount. ...
... - 4 consecutive correct answers make stimulus more difficult to see by a fixed amount. - 2 consecutive incorrect answers make stimulus easier to see by a fixed amount. ...
Decoding Complete Reach and Grasp Actions from Local Primary
... and grasp (Jacob and Jeannerod, 2003). Primary motor cortex (M1) plays a central role among these areas (Lemon, 1993) and is one site in which motor plans involving proximal and distal joints are likely to merge. Despite being the focus of numerous studies, M1 activity has seldom been analyzed in th ...
... and grasp (Jacob and Jeannerod, 2003). Primary motor cortex (M1) plays a central role among these areas (Lemon, 1993) and is one site in which motor plans involving proximal and distal joints are likely to merge. Despite being the focus of numerous studies, M1 activity has seldom been analyzed in th ...
Spike-timing dependent plasticity and the cognitive map
... of strong bi-directional connections between place cells that are required by cognitive map theory (Skaggs et al., 1996; Song and Abbott, 2001; Wagatsuma and Yamaguchi, 2007; but see Mongillo et al., 2005; Samura and Hattori, 2005). Computational modeling has also demonstrated that STDP can provide ...
... of strong bi-directional connections between place cells that are required by cognitive map theory (Skaggs et al., 1996; Song and Abbott, 2001; Wagatsuma and Yamaguchi, 2007; but see Mongillo et al., 2005; Samura and Hattori, 2005). Computational modeling has also demonstrated that STDP can provide ...
Motor Cortex Stimulation for Refractory Benign Pain
... could influence abnormal thalamic activity caused by deafferentation. These results provided additional scientific foundation for MCS trials in chronic pain patients. The initial positive results were attributed to a reduction of pathological thalamic activity and on increased regional blood flow in ...
... could influence abnormal thalamic activity caused by deafferentation. These results provided additional scientific foundation for MCS trials in chronic pain patients. The initial positive results were attributed to a reduction of pathological thalamic activity and on increased regional blood flow in ...
Evolutionarily conserved prefrontal-amygdalar dysfunction in early
... polysynaptically connected brain regions.19 This structural backbone encompasses a number of cortical regions that are especially well developed in primates, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula and prefrontal cortex (PFC).21–23 Although it widely believed that the synchronized flow ...
... polysynaptically connected brain regions.19 This structural backbone encompasses a number of cortical regions that are especially well developed in primates, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula and prefrontal cortex (PFC).21–23 Although it widely believed that the synchronized flow ...
Mirror Neurons: Findings and Functions
... half of these neurons are also active during motor actions. The PF sends output to the F5 area and receives input from the superior temporal sulcus (STS; Rizzolatti, 2004). The STS is comprised by visual neurons, which respond to observed biological actions, such as moving faces or bodies (Puce & Pe ...
... half of these neurons are also active during motor actions. The PF sends output to the F5 area and receives input from the superior temporal sulcus (STS; Rizzolatti, 2004). The STS is comprised by visual neurons, which respond to observed biological actions, such as moving faces or bodies (Puce & Pe ...
The Prefrontal Cortex and Flexible Behavior
... complex, but they appear to be governed by a simple rule based on the structural relationship of pairs of linked areas, which we call the structural model for connections. Structure in this context refers to the number of cortical layers present in a given area, or the overall neuronal density, and ...
... complex, but they appear to be governed by a simple rule based on the structural relationship of pairs of linked areas, which we call the structural model for connections. Structure in this context refers to the number of cortical layers present in a given area, or the overall neuronal density, and ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... tested) of the first pulse at 4 Hz and averaged across multiunit sites. The variability in this measure, as reported in variance, was compared across KIA− and controls. Single-trial response patterns to each of the isolated speech sounds were compared using a nearest neighbor classifier (Foffani and M ...
... tested) of the first pulse at 4 Hz and averaged across multiunit sites. The variability in this measure, as reported in variance, was compared across KIA− and controls. Single-trial response patterns to each of the isolated speech sounds were compared using a nearest neighbor classifier (Foffani and M ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.