The major symptom dimensions of obsessive
... Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by multiple, temporally stable symptom dimensions. Preliminary functional neuroimaging studies suggest that these symptom dimensions may have distinct neural substrates. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry was u ...
... Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by multiple, temporally stable symptom dimensions. Preliminary functional neuroimaging studies suggest that these symptom dimensions may have distinct neural substrates. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry was u ...
Visual Experience Is Necessary for Maintenance But Not
... 2002). Consistent with the diffuse terminal arbors, dark rearing throughout postnatal development can also result in enlarged cortical RFs, as defined electrophysiologically (Fagiolini et al. 1994). An alternative explanation for these results, however, is that the enlarged RFs in deprived animals r ...
... 2002). Consistent with the diffuse terminal arbors, dark rearing throughout postnatal development can also result in enlarged cortical RFs, as defined electrophysiologically (Fagiolini et al. 1994). An alternative explanation for these results, however, is that the enlarged RFs in deprived animals r ...
Developmental structure in brain evolution
... of multiple regressions on allometric data for 131 mammalian species, however, suggests that for 9 of 11 brain structures taxonomic and body size factors are less important than covariance of these major structures with each other. Which structure grows biggest is largely predicted by a conserved or ...
... of multiple regressions on allometric data for 131 mammalian species, however, suggests that for 9 of 11 brain structures taxonomic and body size factors are less important than covariance of these major structures with each other. Which structure grows biggest is largely predicted by a conserved or ...
Newsletter Jan 02 - Pediatric Feeding News
... important it is that the brain receive the appropriate information as to the properties of the bolus so that it may generate an appropriate motor response. If the brain doesn’t work correctly on the sensory end, it is highly unlikely it will work efficiently on the motor end. Sensory pathways typica ...
... important it is that the brain receive the appropriate information as to the properties of the bolus so that it may generate an appropriate motor response. If the brain doesn’t work correctly on the sensory end, it is highly unlikely it will work efficiently on the motor end. Sensory pathways typica ...
Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool
... Since its inception, the MEG community uses this topographic framework for the analysis of the signals. Instead of waveforms, the MEG community generally looks at the properties of the magnetic field outside the head and infers the sources and the temporal dynamics of these sources in the brain (Salm ...
... Since its inception, the MEG community uses this topographic framework for the analysis of the signals. Instead of waveforms, the MEG community generally looks at the properties of the magnetic field outside the head and infers the sources and the temporal dynamics of these sources in the brain (Salm ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... task)]. In the delayed saccade task, this spot was also turned on briefly as mine hydrochloride. Eye movementswere recordedwith the use the cue of a future target while the monkey was fixating. The depression at of the magneticsearch-coiltechnique ( Robinson 1963) . The behavioraltasksaswell asstora ...
... task)]. In the delayed saccade task, this spot was also turned on briefly as mine hydrochloride. Eye movementswere recordedwith the use the cue of a future target while the monkey was fixating. The depression at of the magneticsearch-coiltechnique ( Robinson 1963) . The behavioraltasksaswell asstora ...
MR Imaging–Detectable Metabolic Alterations in Attention Deficit
... into adulthood (in approximately 30%–50% of cases). In past years, many studies have applied different MR spectroscopy techniques to investigate the pathogenesis and effect of conventional treatments. In this article, we review the most recent clinical and preclinical MR spectroscopy results on subj ...
... into adulthood (in approximately 30%–50% of cases). In past years, many studies have applied different MR spectroscopy techniques to investigate the pathogenesis and effect of conventional treatments. In this article, we review the most recent clinical and preclinical MR spectroscopy results on subj ...
Sensory responses and movement-related activities in extrinsic
... After full recovery from anesthesia, the cockroaches exhibited long sequences of grooming, and then began to explore the surroundings. Any animal that failed to show spontaneous locomotion, grooming, and escape from tactile or wind stimuli applied to their cerci was not used for unit recordings. To ...
... After full recovery from anesthesia, the cockroaches exhibited long sequences of grooming, and then began to explore the surroundings. Any animal that failed to show spontaneous locomotion, grooming, and escape from tactile or wind stimuli applied to their cerci was not used for unit recordings. To ...
15-5 Somatic Motor Pathways
... o 15-1 Specify the components of the afferent and efferent divisions of the nervous system, and explain what is meant by the somatic nervous system. o 15-2 Explain why receptors respond to specific stimuli, and how the organization of a receptor affects its sensitivity. o 15-3 Identify the receptors ...
... o 15-1 Specify the components of the afferent and efferent divisions of the nervous system, and explain what is meant by the somatic nervous system. o 15-2 Explain why receptors respond to specific stimuli, and how the organization of a receptor affects its sensitivity. o 15-3 Identify the receptors ...
Neural Mechanisms of Subclinical Depressive
... change from baseline. The same high-pass filtering applied to the functional data was applied to the GLM. Group-wise activation images were calculated by a mixed effects analysis using Bayesian estimation techniques, FMRIB Local Analysis of Mixed Effects [FILM, 41]. Group-level models, with mean-cen ...
... change from baseline. The same high-pass filtering applied to the functional data was applied to the GLM. Group-wise activation images were calculated by a mixed effects analysis using Bayesian estimation techniques, FMRIB Local Analysis of Mixed Effects [FILM, 41]. Group-level models, with mean-cen ...
The power of the mind: the cortex as a critical determinant of muscle
... critical determinant of muscle strength/weakness and that a high level of corticospinal inhibition is an important neurophysiological factor regulating force generation. A group of healthy individuals underwent 4 wk of wrist-hand immobilization to induce weakness. Another group also underwent 4 wk o ...
... critical determinant of muscle strength/weakness and that a high level of corticospinal inhibition is an important neurophysiological factor regulating force generation. A group of healthy individuals underwent 4 wk of wrist-hand immobilization to induce weakness. Another group also underwent 4 wk o ...
Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis
... (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus [48] and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles [2] (Fig. 1). Adult neurogenesis has been found in all mammals studied to date, including humans [24]. The process of adult neurogenesis encompasses the proliferation of resident neural pro ...
... (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus [48] and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles [2] (Fig. 1). Adult neurogenesis has been found in all mammals studied to date, including humans [24]. The process of adult neurogenesis encompasses the proliferation of resident neural pro ...
Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the
... participate in emotional control. The exact relationship between BDNF and the pathophysiology of depression remains unclear, but there is universal support for taking BDNF into consideration when exploring antidepressant mechanisms [7-9]. Chronic antidepressant medication, ECT, TMS, exercise as well ...
... participate in emotional control. The exact relationship between BDNF and the pathophysiology of depression remains unclear, but there is universal support for taking BDNF into consideration when exploring antidepressant mechanisms [7-9]. Chronic antidepressant medication, ECT, TMS, exercise as well ...
Chapter 18: Control and Coordination
... your body. Upon reaching neurons, alcohol moves through their cell membranes and disrupts their normal cell functions. As a result, this drug slows the activities of the central nervous system and is classified as a depressant. Muscle control, judgment, reasoning, memory, and concentration also are ...
... your body. Upon reaching neurons, alcohol moves through their cell membranes and disrupts their normal cell functions. As a result, this drug slows the activities of the central nervous system and is classified as a depressant. Muscle control, judgment, reasoning, memory, and concentration also are ...
Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity: From Synapse to Perception
... synaptic transmission by tetanic stimulation in the hippocampus (14), a phenomenon now generally referred to as long-term potentiation (LTP), the study of activitydependent synaptic plasticity has become one of the most active areas in neurobiology (66, 68). Two features of LTP, the associativity an ...
... synaptic transmission by tetanic stimulation in the hippocampus (14), a phenomenon now generally referred to as long-term potentiation (LTP), the study of activitydependent synaptic plasticity has become one of the most active areas in neurobiology (66, 68). Two features of LTP, the associativity an ...
Section 11.3
... • Your nervous system receives information about what is going on inside and outside of your body. • Then it processes the information and forms a response to it. • The basic unit of the nervous system is a type of cell called a neuron (NOOR ahn). ...
... • Your nervous system receives information about what is going on inside and outside of your body. • Then it processes the information and forms a response to it. • The basic unit of the nervous system is a type of cell called a neuron (NOOR ahn). ...
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... closed” throughout the lifetime. The “skull” of the network encapsulates the network from its external physical environment, leaving its sensory ends and its motor ends open to the external environment (other than the brain). Note that the body of the agent is also included in this external environm ...
... closed” throughout the lifetime. The “skull” of the network encapsulates the network from its external physical environment, leaving its sensory ends and its motor ends open to the external environment (other than the brain). Note that the body of the agent is also included in this external environm ...
Neural correlates of attention in primate visual cortex
... The senses of humans and other highly evolved animals are an evolutionary success story. In the visual system of primates, as many as 1.5 million axons exit the retina, supplying a wealth of detailed information about the visual environment. Yet at any given moment, much of this information is behav ...
... The senses of humans and other highly evolved animals are an evolutionary success story. In the visual system of primates, as many as 1.5 million axons exit the retina, supplying a wealth of detailed information about the visual environment. Yet at any given moment, much of this information is behav ...
Morphometric changes of the central nervous system of
... of the prosoma and exoskeleton), by the absence of one or more appendages, and in their anatomy by the absence of neuromeres. This study was aimed at determining whether there is a correlation between the absence of a neuromere or its half in the subesophageal ganglia and the volume of the prosoma. ...
... of the prosoma and exoskeleton), by the absence of one or more appendages, and in their anatomy by the absence of neuromeres. This study was aimed at determining whether there is a correlation between the absence of a neuromere or its half in the subesophageal ganglia and the volume of the prosoma. ...
What Is the Nervous System?
... • Your nervous system receives information about what is going on inside and outside of your body. • Then it processes the information and forms a response to it. • The basic unit of the nervous system is a type of cell called a neuron (NOOR ahn). ...
... • Your nervous system receives information about what is going on inside and outside of your body. • Then it processes the information and forms a response to it. • The basic unit of the nervous system is a type of cell called a neuron (NOOR ahn). ...
What Is the Nervous System?
... • Your nervous system receives information about what is going on inside and outside of your body. • Then it processes the information and forms a response to it. • The basic unit of the nervous system is a type of cell called a neuron (NOOR ahn). ...
... • Your nervous system receives information about what is going on inside and outside of your body. • Then it processes the information and forms a response to it. • The basic unit of the nervous system is a type of cell called a neuron (NOOR ahn). ...
Distinct representations of olfactory information in different cortical
... spatial preference in any dimension. High-resolution multiphoton imaging reveals varicosities likely to be axonal boutons (Supplementary Fig. 4). The spatial distribution of these varicosities is similar in every field imaged and is independent of glomerular origin, indicating that mitral and tufted ...
... spatial preference in any dimension. High-resolution multiphoton imaging reveals varicosities likely to be axonal boutons (Supplementary Fig. 4). The spatial distribution of these varicosities is similar in every field imaged and is independent of glomerular origin, indicating that mitral and tufted ...
Perception Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity: From Synapse to
... rate and timing of neuronal spikes. Recent findings of spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) have fueled the interest in the potential roles of spike timing in processing and storage of information in neural circuits. Induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in a v ...
... rate and timing of neuronal spikes. Recent findings of spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) have fueled the interest in the potential roles of spike timing in processing and storage of information in neural circuits. Induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in a v ...
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... The precise timing of events in the brain has consequences for intracellular processes, synaptic plasticity, integration and network behaviour. Pyramidal neurons, the most widespread excitatory neuron of the neocortex have multiple spike initiation zones, which interact via dendritic and somatic spi ...
... The precise timing of events in the brain has consequences for intracellular processes, synaptic plasticity, integration and network behaviour. Pyramidal neurons, the most widespread excitatory neuron of the neocortex have multiple spike initiation zones, which interact via dendritic and somatic spi ...
2nd year - FORTH-ICS - Foundation for Research and Technology
... action, and thus provide the neural substrate for understanding the actions of others. However, cells with these properties have been found in the temporo-occipital areas of MNS, which is known to devoid of motor characteristics. This fact makes the concept of MNS ill defined. In contrast, the simul ...
... action, and thus provide the neural substrate for understanding the actions of others. However, cells with these properties have been found in the temporo-occipital areas of MNS, which is known to devoid of motor characteristics. This fact makes the concept of MNS ill defined. In contrast, the simul ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.