Study Objectives
... 4. Identify and briefly describe experimental approaches used to examine cerebral lateralization in humans. 5. Describe Sperry's and Gazzaniga's work with split-brain patients. What did their results reveal about the functions of the two cerebral hemispheres? 6. Define aphasia and list at least thr ...
... 4. Identify and briefly describe experimental approaches used to examine cerebral lateralization in humans. 5. Describe Sperry's and Gazzaniga's work with split-brain patients. What did their results reveal about the functions of the two cerebral hemispheres? 6. Define aphasia and list at least thr ...
J Comp Neurol 2000 Lavenex - University of California, Berkeley
... the caching season, but did not coincide with either breeding season. In January, caching was completed but squirrels were still dependent on spatial memory to locate their caches; this period coincided with the first breeding season. In June, squirrels had depleted their caches and were not activel ...
... the caching season, but did not coincide with either breeding season. In January, caching was completed but squirrels were still dependent on spatial memory to locate their caches; this period coincided with the first breeding season. In June, squirrels had depleted their caches and were not activel ...
The Big Picture File
... mucosa, muscles, deep organs (viscera). Travel via thalamus to sensory cortex in parietal lobe of cortex. ...
... mucosa, muscles, deep organs (viscera). Travel via thalamus to sensory cortex in parietal lobe of cortex. ...
Wang et al 2photon calcium imaging of odor in fly brain cell 2003
... removed to allow electrical stimulation of the antennal nerve, rather than odor stimulation of the antennae. A brief stimulation of 1 ms duration was applied to the antennal nerve. Since single unit recording of sensory neurons in the fly reveals a monotonic response to odors (de Bruyne et al., 2001 ...
... removed to allow electrical stimulation of the antennal nerve, rather than odor stimulation of the antennae. A brief stimulation of 1 ms duration was applied to the antennal nerve. Since single unit recording of sensory neurons in the fly reveals a monotonic response to odors (de Bruyne et al., 2001 ...
slides
... – highly subjective to person experiencing it – pain of some type is the most frequent reason for physician consultation in the US, causing half of all Americans to seek medical care annually – pain that stops without treatment or responds to simple measures is called acute – pain is part of the bod ...
... – highly subjective to person experiencing it – pain of some type is the most frequent reason for physician consultation in the US, causing half of all Americans to seek medical care annually – pain that stops without treatment or responds to simple measures is called acute – pain is part of the bod ...
Anterograde Tracing of Trigeminal Afferent Pathways
... pathways have contributed significantly (Peschanski;1984; Bernard et al., 1991; Yoshida et al., 1991). A large numberof mesencephalic (e.g., parabrachial complex, central gray), thalamic (e.g., ventroposteromedial,centromedian,posterior, submedial, parafascicularnuclei), hypothalamic (e.g., lateral ...
... pathways have contributed significantly (Peschanski;1984; Bernard et al., 1991; Yoshida et al., 1991). A large numberof mesencephalic (e.g., parabrachial complex, central gray), thalamic (e.g., ventroposteromedial,centromedian,posterior, submedial, parafascicularnuclei), hypothalamic (e.g., lateral ...
Chapter 36 Locomotion
... of animals. Although many forms of locomotion have evolved—swimming, flying, crawling, and walking—all use rhythmic and alternating movements of the body or appendages. This rhythmicity makes locomotion appear to be repetitive and stereotyped. Indeed, locomotion is controlled automatically at relati ...
... of animals. Although many forms of locomotion have evolved—swimming, flying, crawling, and walking—all use rhythmic and alternating movements of the body or appendages. This rhythmicity makes locomotion appear to be repetitive and stereotyped. Indeed, locomotion is controlled automatically at relati ...
Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum
... deficits observed in ASD as well as the increased prevalence in males could be explained by this shift along the empathizing– systemizing continuum. Ozonoff and colleagues have proposed the executive dysfunction hypothesis, which suggests that deficits observed in ASDs are the result of poor execut ...
... deficits observed in ASD as well as the increased prevalence in males could be explained by this shift along the empathizing– systemizing continuum. Ozonoff and colleagues have proposed the executive dysfunction hypothesis, which suggests that deficits observed in ASDs are the result of poor execut ...
Gross Anatomy
... Changes in the architecture of the ASPM protein over the last 18 million years are correlated with a steady increase in the size of the cerebral cortex (2002) Dr. Bruce T. Lahn at U. Chicago. A disrupted form of this gene was identified as the cause of microcephaly (people born with an abnormally sm ...
... Changes in the architecture of the ASPM protein over the last 18 million years are correlated with a steady increase in the size of the cerebral cortex (2002) Dr. Bruce T. Lahn at U. Chicago. A disrupted form of this gene was identified as the cause of microcephaly (people born with an abnormally sm ...
Nineteen
... an appraisal of sensory delicits provides information concerning the location of a lesion in ...
... an appraisal of sensory delicits provides information concerning the location of a lesion in ...
Principles of Neural Science
... physiology examined the neural consequences of a stimulus—how the stimulus is transduced by sensory receptors and processed in the brain. Some of the most exciting advances in our understanding of perception have come from merging these two approaches in, for example, recent human experiments that u ...
... physiology examined the neural consequences of a stimulus—how the stimulus is transduced by sensory receptors and processed in the brain. Some of the most exciting advances in our understanding of perception have come from merging these two approaches in, for example, recent human experiments that u ...
Neuronal morphology in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana
... Briefly, selected neurons were required to be relatively isolated and unobscured, to appear fully impregnated with a soma roughly centered within the 120 lm-thick section, and to have as complete dendritic arbors as possible. In order to create a relatively homogeneous cell population for superficia ...
... Briefly, selected neurons were required to be relatively isolated and unobscured, to appear fully impregnated with a soma roughly centered within the 120 lm-thick section, and to have as complete dendritic arbors as possible. In order to create a relatively homogeneous cell population for superficia ...
Feedforward and feedback frequency
... Interactions between top-down and bottom-up processes in the cerebral cortex hold the key to understanding attentional processes, predictive coding, executive control, and a gamut of other brain functions. However, the underlying circuit mechanism remains poorly understood and represents a major cha ...
... Interactions between top-down and bottom-up processes in the cerebral cortex hold the key to understanding attentional processes, predictive coding, executive control, and a gamut of other brain functions. However, the underlying circuit mechanism remains poorly understood and represents a major cha ...
Multimodality Imaging
... bring NM, encephalography, MRI, and optical techniques into a clinical and human neuroimaging reality. Much of the attention within this session deals with the major challenge to all attempts to integrate multimodality approaches arising from the realization that distinct physiological mechanisms un ...
... bring NM, encephalography, MRI, and optical techniques into a clinical and human neuroimaging reality. Much of the attention within this session deals with the major challenge to all attempts to integrate multimodality approaches arising from the realization that distinct physiological mechanisms un ...
A táplálékfelvétel, a só- és vízháztartás neuroanatómiája
... - the effects of leptin on appetite and energy balance are mediated by hypothalamic neurons: basal hypothalamic lesions prevent leptin action in the brain - brain microvessels bind and internalize leptin. Leptin may gain access to neurons by receptor mediated transcytosis - leptin receptors (Ob-Rb) ...
... - the effects of leptin on appetite and energy balance are mediated by hypothalamic neurons: basal hypothalamic lesions prevent leptin action in the brain - brain microvessels bind and internalize leptin. Leptin may gain access to neurons by receptor mediated transcytosis - leptin receptors (Ob-Rb) ...
Specialized Elements of Orbitofrontal Cortex in Primates
... ABSTRACT: The orbitofrontal cortex is associated with encoding the significance of stimuli within an emotional context, and its connections can be understood in this light. This large cortical region is architectonically heterogeneous, but its connections and functions can be summarized by a broad g ...
... ABSTRACT: The orbitofrontal cortex is associated with encoding the significance of stimuli within an emotional context, and its connections can be understood in this light. This large cortical region is architectonically heterogeneous, but its connections and functions can be summarized by a broad g ...
Artificial Intelligence (AI). Neural Networks
... Each neuron in the brain can take electrochemical signals as input via its dendrites and can process them before sending new signals along the axon and via the dendrites of the other connected neurons. The neuron sends signal if the collective influence of all its inputs reaches a threshold level (a ...
... Each neuron in the brain can take electrochemical signals as input via its dendrites and can process them before sending new signals along the axon and via the dendrites of the other connected neurons. The neuron sends signal if the collective influence of all its inputs reaches a threshold level (a ...
EXERCISE TRAINING AND SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... of physical activity dependent plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Of particular interest are functional improvements, such as those reported for memory and cognition,35–39 that are associated with changes in the number, structure and function of neurons.35,40 Recent studies indicate tha ...
... of physical activity dependent plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Of particular interest are functional improvements, such as those reported for memory and cognition,35–39 that are associated with changes in the number, structure and function of neurons.35,40 Recent studies indicate tha ...
Central Nervous System (CNS) CNS – composed of the brain and
... Brings conscious attention to an area in space or to an area of one’s own body ...
... Brings conscious attention to an area in space or to an area of one’s own body ...
Cortical EEG correlates of successful memory encoding
... correlates of episodic memory encoding (Daselaar et al., 2003; Daselaar et al., 2003; Grady et al., 2003; Grady et al., 1999; Stebbins et al., 2002). Generally, however, age comparisons of functionally relevant neuroanatomical regions and their cortical dynamics are lacking. This article has three m ...
... correlates of episodic memory encoding (Daselaar et al., 2003; Daselaar et al., 2003; Grady et al., 2003; Grady et al., 1999; Stebbins et al., 2002). Generally, however, age comparisons of functionally relevant neuroanatomical regions and their cortical dynamics are lacking. This article has three m ...
Operant conditioning and motor cortex - D
... behavioral demands. Such claims are rooted in evidence from neurophysiology experiments that entail direct reinforcement of variation in the firing rates of single cortical neurons – that is, single unit operant conditioning experiments. However, such investigations have largely been limited to the ...
... behavioral demands. Such claims are rooted in evidence from neurophysiology experiments that entail direct reinforcement of variation in the firing rates of single cortical neurons – that is, single unit operant conditioning experiments. However, such investigations have largely been limited to the ...
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN
... • Often associated with paraesthesia, hyperalgesia and allodynia • Burning, shooting or pins and needles (not sharp like nociceptive). ...
... • Often associated with paraesthesia, hyperalgesia and allodynia • Burning, shooting or pins and needles (not sharp like nociceptive). ...
The major symptom dimensions of obsessive
... Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by multiple, temporally stable symptom dimensions. Preliminary functional neuroimaging studies suggest that these symptom dimensions may have distinct neural substrates. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry was u ...
... Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by multiple, temporally stable symptom dimensions. Preliminary functional neuroimaging studies suggest that these symptom dimensions may have distinct neural substrates. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry was u ...
Visual Experience Is Necessary for Maintenance But Not
... 2002). Consistent with the diffuse terminal arbors, dark rearing throughout postnatal development can also result in enlarged cortical RFs, as defined electrophysiologically (Fagiolini et al. 1994). An alternative explanation for these results, however, is that the enlarged RFs in deprived animals r ...
... 2002). Consistent with the diffuse terminal arbors, dark rearing throughout postnatal development can also result in enlarged cortical RFs, as defined electrophysiologically (Fagiolini et al. 1994). An alternative explanation for these results, however, is that the enlarged RFs in deprived animals r ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.