Spatial organization of thalamocortical and corticothalamic
... provided evidence that each barrel is the morphological correlate of a single functional column that extends throughout the thickness of the cortex (Woolsey and Van der Loos, '70). One function of a cortical column is the integration of information arising from the array of whiskers on the face (see ...
... provided evidence that each barrel is the morphological correlate of a single functional column that extends throughout the thickness of the cortex (Woolsey and Van der Loos, '70). One function of a cortical column is the integration of information arising from the array of whiskers on the face (see ...
Motor areas of the frontal lobe by Jarrod Blinch
... As a motor control researcher in cognitive psychology, I use a behavioural approach to study how humans produce movements. Specifically, I record the intricacies of human movements and I use this information to infer how the brain is organised. This is high-level research into human movement; low-le ...
... As a motor control researcher in cognitive psychology, I use a behavioural approach to study how humans produce movements. Specifically, I record the intricacies of human movements and I use this information to infer how the brain is organised. This is high-level research into human movement; low-le ...
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... mediate positive reward processing (Commons, 2010). Additionally, NK1 receptor antagonists are reported to attenuate the reward-potentiating effects of morphine in mice (Robinson et al., 2012). Based on these lines of evidence, we hypothesized that the SP/NK1 receptor system might play a role in posi ...
... mediate positive reward processing (Commons, 2010). Additionally, NK1 receptor antagonists are reported to attenuate the reward-potentiating effects of morphine in mice (Robinson et al., 2012). Based on these lines of evidence, we hypothesized that the SP/NK1 receptor system might play a role in posi ...
Effects of the Abused Inhalant Toluene on the
... acute solvent inhalation may also contribute to injury or death in motor vehicle accidents. Chronic use of abused inhalants can lead to a variety of disorders including hearing loss, peripheral neuropathies, kidney damage, and loss of white matter in various brain regions [9]. The neurobehavioral co ...
... acute solvent inhalation may also contribute to injury or death in motor vehicle accidents. Chronic use of abused inhalants can lead to a variety of disorders including hearing loss, peripheral neuropathies, kidney damage, and loss of white matter in various brain regions [9]. The neurobehavioral co ...
Brain regions associated with moment-to
... a run (not including anchor trials, which were assigned to a predictor of no interest) and then using this to create a standard eventrelated stick-function for all incompatible trials; (2) scaling individual instances (i.e., the height of individual sticks) according to the frequency condition in wh ...
... a run (not including anchor trials, which were assigned to a predictor of no interest) and then using this to create a standard eventrelated stick-function for all incompatible trials; (2) scaling individual instances (i.e., the height of individual sticks) according to the frequency condition in wh ...
Forelimb use after focal cerebral ischemia in rats treated with an a2
... probe (Harvard Homeothermic Blanket Control Unit, 507061). After 120 min of MCA occlusion, the filament was removed and the external carotid artery was permanently closed by electrocoagulation. In the present study, blood pressure or blood gases were not measured, because cannulation of a femoral ar ...
... probe (Harvard Homeothermic Blanket Control Unit, 507061). After 120 min of MCA occlusion, the filament was removed and the external carotid artery was permanently closed by electrocoagulation. In the present study, blood pressure or blood gases were not measured, because cannulation of a femoral ar ...
Two-photon imaging and analysis of neural network dynamics
... neuronal activity in living brains (‘in vivo’) has been the electrical recording of neural spikes, the extracellular signature of action potentials (APs) generated by neurons. This approach has been employed successfully for more than half a century on the microscopic level by extracellular recordin ...
... neuronal activity in living brains (‘in vivo’) has been the electrical recording of neural spikes, the extracellular signature of action potentials (APs) generated by neurons. This approach has been employed successfully for more than half a century on the microscopic level by extracellular recordin ...
Subcortical loops through the basal ganglia
... computational properties of looped architectures in the general context of selection mechanisms. Specifically, we propose that cortical and subcortical looped connections with the basal ganglia provide an elegant solution to the problem of conflict between multiple distributed parallelprocessing sen ...
... computational properties of looped architectures in the general context of selection mechanisms. Specifically, we propose that cortical and subcortical looped connections with the basal ganglia provide an elegant solution to the problem of conflict between multiple distributed parallelprocessing sen ...
Context Dependency in the Globus Pallidus Internal Segment
... 1993). All of these studies provide evidence for the great ...
... 1993). All of these studies provide evidence for the great ...
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... and they looked like ghost cells when stained with PAS (Figure 1B). In face A, focal infarction evolved and developed among the disseminated selective neuronal necrosis from 12 hours to 4 days, and foamy macrophages increased in number in the liquefaction necrosis from 4 to 7 days. By 2 to 8 weeks a ...
... and they looked like ghost cells when stained with PAS (Figure 1B). In face A, focal infarction evolved and developed among the disseminated selective neuronal necrosis from 12 hours to 4 days, and foamy macrophages increased in number in the liquefaction necrosis from 4 to 7 days. By 2 to 8 weeks a ...
the organization of behavioral repertoire in motor cortex
... to block an impending object. How are these behavioral needs reflected in the motor circuitry? One potential risk in studying complex actions is that it might hinder a mechanistic or reductionist understanding of movement control. Traditionally, motor control is studied by examining simple components ...
... to block an impending object. How are these behavioral needs reflected in the motor circuitry? One potential risk in studying complex actions is that it might hinder a mechanistic or reductionist understanding of movement control. Traditionally, motor control is studied by examining simple components ...
07.11 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... number of technical limitations. Chief among these is the multisynaptic nature of these pathways and the general inability of conventional tracers to label more than the direct inputs and outputs of an area. To overcome this and other problems, we have used a new approach, retrograde transneuronal t ...
... number of technical limitations. Chief among these is the multisynaptic nature of these pathways and the general inability of conventional tracers to label more than the direct inputs and outputs of an area. To overcome this and other problems, we have used a new approach, retrograde transneuronal t ...
![Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017009313_1-932f7069dbfdd3fd3915bbe942d02b0f-300x300.png)
Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]
... sensory modality for perception at a distance (Chase et al., 1978; Chase and Croll, 1981; Chase, 1982). Several recent reports have described associative conditioning to odors in gastropod molluscs (Croll and Chase, 1980; Sahley et al., 1981; Alexander et al., 1983) thus raising the possibility of c ...
... sensory modality for perception at a distance (Chase et al., 1978; Chase and Croll, 1981; Chase, 1982). Several recent reports have described associative conditioning to odors in gastropod molluscs (Croll and Chase, 1980; Sahley et al., 1981; Alexander et al., 1983) thus raising the possibility of c ...
2011 - Università degli studi di Pavia
... concept of firing rate regulation (Jacobson et al., 2009). This means that knowledge on the functioning of neuronal networks of the cerebellum is insufficient at the very least and that new experimental and computational tools are needed to investigate cerebellar network function and dynamics. It is ...
... concept of firing rate regulation (Jacobson et al., 2009). This means that knowledge on the functioning of neuronal networks of the cerebellum is insufficient at the very least and that new experimental and computational tools are needed to investigate cerebellar network function and dynamics. It is ...
Vasopressin Receptors of the Vasopressor (V,)
... These data suggest that the nucleus of the solitary tract probably contains a subpopulation of cardiovascular-related neurons whose bioelectrical activity may be affected by exogenous vasopressin. In the present study, using electrophysiological recordings from brain-stem slices, we show that vasopr ...
... These data suggest that the nucleus of the solitary tract probably contains a subpopulation of cardiovascular-related neurons whose bioelectrical activity may be affected by exogenous vasopressin. In the present study, using electrophysiological recordings from brain-stem slices, we show that vasopr ...
The Neuropathology of Huntington`s Disease
... changes that occur in the human brain in Huntington’s disease (HD), and also an outlook to future studies in human HD neuroanatomy. A HD brain may be about 20–30 % less than a control brain in weight although this will be variable depending on the severity of the disease (Vonsattel and DiFiglia 1998 ...
... changes that occur in the human brain in Huntington’s disease (HD), and also an outlook to future studies in human HD neuroanatomy. A HD brain may be about 20–30 % less than a control brain in weight although this will be variable depending on the severity of the disease (Vonsattel and DiFiglia 1998 ...
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
... boys are genetically more prone to disorders of the nervous system. The behavior patterns that typify ADHD usually arise between the ages of three and five. Even so, the age of onset can vary widely: some children do not develop symptoms until late childhood or even early adolescence. Why their symp ...
... boys are genetically more prone to disorders of the nervous system. The behavior patterns that typify ADHD usually arise between the ages of three and five. Even so, the age of onset can vary widely: some children do not develop symptoms until late childhood or even early adolescence. Why their symp ...
Does the End Justify the Means?
... magnetic stimulation (TMS) in subjects requested to observe grasping movements performed by an experimenter. At the end of the observation period TMS was applied to their motor cortex and motor-evoked potentials were recorded from hand muscles. The pattern of muscular response to this stimulus was f ...
... magnetic stimulation (TMS) in subjects requested to observe grasping movements performed by an experimenter. At the end of the observation period TMS was applied to their motor cortex and motor-evoked potentials were recorded from hand muscles. The pattern of muscular response to this stimulus was f ...
The role of brain in the regulation of glucose homeostasis
... and 3 neurons were only inhibited by plasma glucose levels of 17 mM and higher. Type 4 neurons increases firing rate when the level of blood glucose exceeds 7 mM.[10,13] According to the studies performed on brain slices using patch clamp recording method, glucose sensory neurons in the VMN are basi ...
... and 3 neurons were only inhibited by plasma glucose levels of 17 mM and higher. Type 4 neurons increases firing rate when the level of blood glucose exceeds 7 mM.[10,13] According to the studies performed on brain slices using patch clamp recording method, glucose sensory neurons in the VMN are basi ...
Hereditary Pick’s disease with the G272V tau mutation shows predominant three-repeat
... are observed in patients with most exon 9 mutations and several mutations outside exon 10 and flanking regions: K257T (Rizzini et al., 2000), L266V (Hogg et al., 2003; Kobayashi et al., 2003), L315R (van Herpen et al., 2003), S320F (Rosso et al., 2002), Q336R (Pickering-Brown et al., 2004), G342V (L ...
... are observed in patients with most exon 9 mutations and several mutations outside exon 10 and flanking regions: K257T (Rizzini et al., 2000), L266V (Hogg et al., 2003; Kobayashi et al., 2003), L315R (van Herpen et al., 2003), S320F (Rosso et al., 2002), Q336R (Pickering-Brown et al., 2004), G342V (L ...
Modulation of brain activity by electrical stimulation and external
... these symptoms are present from the moment PD has been diagnosed. Patients typically walk with small steps with occasional freezing, as if their foot were stuck. Balance problems are the most difficult to treat among the motor problems. Not all of these symptoms need to be present in PD patients. In ...
... these symptoms are present from the moment PD has been diagnosed. Patients typically walk with small steps with occasional freezing, as if their foot were stuck. Balance problems are the most difficult to treat among the motor problems. Not all of these symptoms need to be present in PD patients. In ...
The neuronal structure of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the
... [8]. This relay is gated and can be suppressed by activity among local inhibitory interneurons that use GABA as a neurotransmitter [28]. There is a significant difference in the number of interneurons in the lateral geniculate body in various species of mammals. For example, in the human and monkey ...
... [8]. This relay is gated and can be suppressed by activity among local inhibitory interneurons that use GABA as a neurotransmitter [28]. There is a significant difference in the number of interneurons in the lateral geniculate body in various species of mammals. For example, in the human and monkey ...
pain - Dog2Doc.com
... — Visceral pain: originates in internal organs — Somatic pain: originates in skin, muscle, skeletal ...
... — Visceral pain: originates in internal organs — Somatic pain: originates in skin, muscle, skeletal ...
Nitric Oxide Synthase Protein and mRNA Are
... of NOS in rat brain is species specific or might be generalized, we have mapped NOS immunoreactivity throughout monkey brain. In all regions examined, the cell and fiber groups stained are the same as in rat (data not shown). In certain areas of monkey brain we havecompared NOS and NADPH diaphorase ...
... of NOS in rat brain is species specific or might be generalized, we have mapped NOS immunoreactivity throughout monkey brain. In all regions examined, the cell and fiber groups stained are the same as in rat (data not shown). In certain areas of monkey brain we havecompared NOS and NADPH diaphorase ...
PDF of article - Janelia Research Campus
... The Drosophila brain is formed by an invariant set of lineages, each of which is derived from a unique neural stem cell (neuroblast) and forms a genetic and structural unit of the brain. The task of reconstructing brain circuitry at the level of individual neurons can be made significantly easier by ...
... The Drosophila brain is formed by an invariant set of lineages, each of which is derived from a unique neural stem cell (neuroblast) and forms a genetic and structural unit of the brain. The task of reconstructing brain circuitry at the level of individual neurons can be made significantly easier by ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.