S-strain (virulent)
... DNA is a code (set of blueprints) for making protein. Protein synthesis is the process that manufactures proteins. ...
... DNA is a code (set of blueprints) for making protein. Protein synthesis is the process that manufactures proteins. ...
DNA
... • DNA is found in the mitochondria. • mDNA is only found in the egg. Sperm has no mitochondria so mDNA is passed to offspring from the mother. • One sequence of DNA is a genome or gene. • Unwind all our DNA, it will stretch from the moon and back 6000X. ...
... • DNA is found in the mitochondria. • mDNA is only found in the egg. Sperm has no mitochondria so mDNA is passed to offspring from the mother. • One sequence of DNA is a genome or gene. • Unwind all our DNA, it will stretch from the moon and back 6000X. ...
molecular genetics unit review
... Describe the contributions of the following scientists to our current knowledge of DNA structure and DNA replication: a) Chargaff b) Rosalind Franklin c) Watson and Crick d) Meselson and Stahl Describe the structure of DNA. Include terms like anti-parallel, nucleotide (phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous ...
... Describe the contributions of the following scientists to our current knowledge of DNA structure and DNA replication: a) Chargaff b) Rosalind Franklin c) Watson and Crick d) Meselson and Stahl Describe the structure of DNA. Include terms like anti-parallel, nucleotide (phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous ...
Worksheet Lesson 5: The discovery of DNA`s
... scientists in date order of when they made their discovery. The first one has been done for you. A ...
... scientists in date order of when they made their discovery. The first one has been done for you. A ...
DNA Discovery - Biology Junction
... Oswald Avery – DNA = key to transformation Alfred Hershey & Martha Chase – Bacteriophage transformation experiment Erwin Chargaff – base-pairing rules ...
... Oswald Avery – DNA = key to transformation Alfred Hershey & Martha Chase – Bacteriophage transformation experiment Erwin Chargaff – base-pairing rules ...
Test Study Guide
... 15. What is the center of the chromosome called? 16. What are the tips of a chromosome called? 17. What problem occurs at the tips of chromosomes during replication? 18. What enzyme attempts to “fix” this problem? How? ...
... 15. What is the center of the chromosome called? 16. What are the tips of a chromosome called? 17. What problem occurs at the tips of chromosomes during replication? 18. What enzyme attempts to “fix” this problem? How? ...
Fast Facts about Human Genetics • DNA stands for Deoxy
... The nucleus, or control centre, of a cell, is where the DNA is coiled up into chromosomes. With the exception of reproductive cells, every cell has 46 chromosomes. Twenty-two pairs of the chromosomes are similar in terms of size, shape and genetic content. The twenty-third pair determines the sex of ...
... The nucleus, or control centre, of a cell, is where the DNA is coiled up into chromosomes. With the exception of reproductive cells, every cell has 46 chromosomes. Twenty-two pairs of the chromosomes are similar in terms of size, shape and genetic content. The twenty-third pair determines the sex of ...
Structure and History of DNA 1-8
... Erwin Chargaff’s Rules • In 1950, Chargaff analyzed the base composition of DNA in a number of organisms – varied bet. species • Found regularity in the ratios of nucleotide bases - A = T and G = C • This made DNA a more credible candidate for the genetic material. ...
... Erwin Chargaff’s Rules • In 1950, Chargaff analyzed the base composition of DNA in a number of organisms – varied bet. species • Found regularity in the ratios of nucleotide bases - A = T and G = C • This made DNA a more credible candidate for the genetic material. ...
IntrotoBiotechRestrictionEnzymes2011
... • some restriction enzymes (like EcoRI) produce cuts in the DNA that result in the formation of sticky ends on the DNA fragments that are formed. • sticky ends indicates that unpaired bases are left hanging off the cut. other restriction enzymes produce blunt ends, that is, the DNA is cut directly ...
... • some restriction enzymes (like EcoRI) produce cuts in the DNA that result in the formation of sticky ends on the DNA fragments that are formed. • sticky ends indicates that unpaired bases are left hanging off the cut. other restriction enzymes produce blunt ends, that is, the DNA is cut directly ...
SBI4U: Molecular Genetics Unit Review
... 1. What is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleic acid? 2. What are the three components of nucleotides? 3. What is the difference between the 5’ end of nucleic acids and the 3’ end? Draw a diagram to show this. 4. When new DNA or RNA is synthesized, in which direction does it grow? 5. Wh ...
... 1. What is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleic acid? 2. What are the three components of nucleotides? 3. What is the difference between the 5’ end of nucleic acids and the 3’ end? Draw a diagram to show this. 4. When new DNA or RNA is synthesized, in which direction does it grow? 5. Wh ...
Last Name - JhaveriChemBioWiki
... 22 Erwin Chargaff studied the DNA of organisms within a single species. Chargaff discovered that the amount of adenine is about equal to the amount of thymine. Which of these explains why the ratio of adenine to thymine is nearly 1:1? A Adenine and thymine pair with each other. B Adenine binds with ...
... 22 Erwin Chargaff studied the DNA of organisms within a single species. Chargaff discovered that the amount of adenine is about equal to the amount of thymine. Which of these explains why the ratio of adenine to thymine is nearly 1:1? A Adenine and thymine pair with each other. B Adenine binds with ...
Molecular Genetics Outcome Checklist
... _____ I can explain how, in general, restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules into smaller fragments based on a specific nucleotide sequence, leaving “sticky ends”. _____ I understand the purpose and function of ligases. _____ I can explain how restriction enzymes, ligases, and other DNA technology ca ...
... _____ I can explain how, in general, restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules into smaller fragments based on a specific nucleotide sequence, leaving “sticky ends”. _____ I understand the purpose and function of ligases. _____ I can explain how restriction enzymes, ligases, and other DNA technology ca ...
suggested essay-type questions for next exam
... bromide, a planar molecule, “intercalates” itself between the stacked DNA base pairs, thereby unwinding the supercoils. However, the linking number of the DNA is not changed! Explain the physical basis for the ability of ethidium bromide to “unwind” these supercoils. (You will have to look at the de ...
... bromide, a planar molecule, “intercalates” itself between the stacked DNA base pairs, thereby unwinding the supercoils. However, the linking number of the DNA is not changed! Explain the physical basis for the ability of ethidium bromide to “unwind” these supercoils. (You will have to look at the de ...
Chapter 10 Study Guide Know the definitions for: Cross
... Pyrimidines (single-ring structure) consist of _?_ (T) & _?_ (C) Within the DNA ladder; Adenine always pairs with _?_ , and Cytosine always pairs with _?_ Be able to describe the process of DNA replication (DNA making exact copy of itself). Be able to put the following in order of size (DNA, cell, n ...
... Pyrimidines (single-ring structure) consist of _?_ (T) & _?_ (C) Within the DNA ladder; Adenine always pairs with _?_ , and Cytosine always pairs with _?_ Be able to describe the process of DNA replication (DNA making exact copy of itself). Be able to put the following in order of size (DNA, cell, n ...
Micro Quiz #3R Stu F2011 - the Biology Scholars Program Wiki
... 3. The primary structure of bases in DNA (and RNA) refers to: A. The association of one or more strands by hydrogen bonding B. The linear sequence of purines and pyrimidines C. The complementary binding of purines and pyrimidines D. Supercoiling E. Double stranded helix 4. AT-rich DNA strands will d ...
... 3. The primary structure of bases in DNA (and RNA) refers to: A. The association of one or more strands by hydrogen bonding B. The linear sequence of purines and pyrimidines C. The complementary binding of purines and pyrimidines D. Supercoiling E. Double stranded helix 4. AT-rich DNA strands will d ...
DNA Replication Graphic Organizer
... REVIEW: Explain the TWO things an enzyme does in chemical reactions in the body… ...
... REVIEW: Explain the TWO things an enzyme does in chemical reactions in the body… ...
Major Events in Genetics
... issue as Wilkins and Franklin in April 1953 that DNA was a double helix through observations of the X-ray crystallographic images of DNA • Watson and Crick reasoned that there must be additional specificity of pairing – Dictated by the structure of the bases • Each base pair forms a different number ...
... issue as Wilkins and Franklin in April 1953 that DNA was a double helix through observations of the X-ray crystallographic images of DNA • Watson and Crick reasoned that there must be additional specificity of pairing – Dictated by the structure of the bases • Each base pair forms a different number ...
DrMoran
... Long stretches of DNA make up genes. Genes make different things for our body. They are packaged up into chromosomes Chromosomes are like a big recipe box for our bodies and DNA is the recipe! ...
... Long stretches of DNA make up genes. Genes make different things for our body. They are packaged up into chromosomes Chromosomes are like a big recipe box for our bodies and DNA is the recipe! ...
Genetic Changes = Mutations
... c. THE DOG BIT THE CAR (each word is representing an amino acid. The whole sentence represents a protein d. Sickle cell anemia is an example of a disease caused by this very tiny DNA error 8. Frameshift mutation: a. a single base is added or deleted in the DNA sequence b. resulting in every amino ac ...
... c. THE DOG BIT THE CAR (each word is representing an amino acid. The whole sentence represents a protein d. Sickle cell anemia is an example of a disease caused by this very tiny DNA error 8. Frameshift mutation: a. a single base is added or deleted in the DNA sequence b. resulting in every amino ac ...
DNA Day research - DNA model construction
... *Chargaff; discovers the amount of cytosine always = guanine & the amount of adenine always = thymine *1951 Rosalind Franklin; use x-ray diffraction to capture picture of DNA, which indicated double helix shape * 1953 Watson & Crick pinpoint structure of DNA ~double helix ~sides of 5 carbon sugars a ...
... *Chargaff; discovers the amount of cytosine always = guanine & the amount of adenine always = thymine *1951 Rosalind Franklin; use x-ray diffraction to capture picture of DNA, which indicated double helix shape * 1953 Watson & Crick pinpoint structure of DNA ~double helix ~sides of 5 carbon sugars a ...
DNA, RNA, PROTEINS STARTS WITH
... 2. The group of 3 nitrogen bases in the mRNA message that is read together is called a _C_ __ __ __ __. 3. In dividing cells, the DNA is scrunched into _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ so it can be moved. 4. The mRNA message tells the ribosomes which _A_ __ __ __ __ _A_ __ __ __ to put in next when ...
... 2. The group of 3 nitrogen bases in the mRNA message that is read together is called a _C_ __ __ __ __. 3. In dividing cells, the DNA is scrunched into _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ so it can be moved. 4. The mRNA message tells the ribosomes which _A_ __ __ __ __ _A_ __ __ __ to put in next when ...
chapter 12 test review key
... 11 ____False__DNA is single-stranded. 12____False__There are 5 parts to a nucleotide. ...
... 11 ____False__DNA is single-stranded. 12____False__There are 5 parts to a nucleotide. ...
Biology Chapter 12 Review 5-6
... b. Organism(s) and/or viruses used c. Overview of experimental design/procedures d. One sentence conclusion 2. What type of macromolecule is DNA? 3. DNA is composed of what monomer? 4. What are the three units to the above monomer? 5. Identify the 4 different types of nitrogenous bases? 6. Nitrogeno ...
... b. Organism(s) and/or viruses used c. Overview of experimental design/procedures d. One sentence conclusion 2. What type of macromolecule is DNA? 3. DNA is composed of what monomer? 4. What are the three units to the above monomer? 5. Identify the 4 different types of nitrogenous bases? 6. Nitrogeno ...
PCR Study Questions
... 5. Which characteristic of DNA’s structure contributes most to the ‘melting point’ determination? ...
... 5. Which characteristic of DNA’s structure contributes most to the ‘melting point’ determination? ...
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (/diˌɒksiˌraɪbɵ.njuːˌkleɪ.ɨk ˈæsɪd/; DNA) is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA is a nucleic acid; alongside proteins and carbohydrates, nucleic acids compose the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides since they are composed of simpler units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogen-containing nucleobase—either cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), or thymine (T)—as well as a monosaccharide sugar called deoxyribose and a phosphate group. The nucleotides are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. According to base pairing rules (A with T, and C with G), hydrogen bonds bind the nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands to make double-stranded DNA. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).DNA stores biological information. The DNA backbone is resistant to cleavage, and both strands of the double-stranded structure store the same biological information. Biological information is replicated as the two strands are separated. A significant portion of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding, meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences.The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of nucleobases (informally, bases). It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes biological information. Under the genetic code, RNA strands are translated to specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins. These RNA strands are initially created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription.Within cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes. During cell division these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing each cell its own complete set of chromosomes. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed.First isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869 and with its molecular structure first identified by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, DNA is used by researchers as a molecular tool to explore physical laws and theories, such as the ergodic theorem and the theory of elasticity. The unique material properties of DNA have made it an attractive molecule for material scientists and engineers interested in micro- and nano-fabrication. Among notable advances in this field are DNA origami and DNA-based hybrid materials.The obsolete synonym ""desoxyribonucleic acid"" may occasionally be encountered, for example, in pre-1953 genetics.