Coding of relative size in monkey inferotemporal cortex
... could have arisen because of a zero response to all versions (because that shape is not preferred by the neuron) or may have evoked a constant nonzero response. The latter possibility is interesting because it indicates that the neuron may be invariant to changes in size of either part regardless of ...
... could have arisen because of a zero response to all versions (because that shape is not preferred by the neuron) or may have evoked a constant nonzero response. The latter possibility is interesting because it indicates that the neuron may be invariant to changes in size of either part regardless of ...
Severely dystrophic axons at amyloid plaques
... Synapses are sites of both Ab toxicity (Lacor et al., 2007) and Ab release (Lazarov et al., 2002; Sheng et al., 2002) but they are unlikely to be the only sites for either, and it remains unclear how synapse loss relates to the more clearly irreversible steps of axonal interruption and cell death. B ...
... Synapses are sites of both Ab toxicity (Lacor et al., 2007) and Ab release (Lazarov et al., 2002; Sheng et al., 2002) but they are unlikely to be the only sites for either, and it remains unclear how synapse loss relates to the more clearly irreversible steps of axonal interruption and cell death. B ...
Kalirin, a Multifunctional Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor
... isoforms in rat hippocampus Before evaluating the consequences of eliminating Kalirin expression in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, we first wanted to determine which isoforms were expressed in these cells during early postnatal development. Western blot analysis of hippocampal extracts with polyclon ...
... isoforms in rat hippocampus Before evaluating the consequences of eliminating Kalirin expression in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, we first wanted to determine which isoforms were expressed in these cells during early postnatal development. Western blot analysis of hippocampal extracts with polyclon ...
Reduced Levels of Acetylcholine Receptor Expression in Chick
... antibody; and Dr. Richard Vallee (Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology) for providing the MAP lB-2 and MAP 2 monoclonal antibodies. Grant support was provided by the National Institutes of Health (NS 2 1725) and the Pfeiffer Foundation. ...
... antibody; and Dr. Richard Vallee (Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology) for providing the MAP lB-2 and MAP 2 monoclonal antibodies. Grant support was provided by the National Institutes of Health (NS 2 1725) and the Pfeiffer Foundation. ...
Prosjektoppgave - Mirror neurons_ver4.2
... that if the observation of the experimenter's actions would trigger some comparable movement in the monkey's F5 region, it should also activate the neurons in the F1 region that control them. None of the neurons showed any activity during the observation phase (3). Furthermore, because the monkey wo ...
... that if the observation of the experimenter's actions would trigger some comparable movement in the monkey's F5 region, it should also activate the neurons in the F1 region that control them. None of the neurons showed any activity during the observation phase (3). Furthermore, because the monkey wo ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Conforti et al. 2007a). In these conditions, axonal degeneration often occurs in a dying-back fashion and is frequently characterized by intracellular protein accumulation. Aggregates of tau, neurofilaments, and a-synuclein are found in the neuronal tissues of Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, and Parkinson ...
... Conforti et al. 2007a). In these conditions, axonal degeneration often occurs in a dying-back fashion and is frequently characterized by intracellular protein accumulation. Aggregates of tau, neurofilaments, and a-synuclein are found in the neuronal tissues of Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, and Parkinson ...
Choice Coding in Frontal Cortex during Stimulus
... Neurons are classified according to whether they showed a significant main effect (with no significant interactions) or a significant interaction. Neurons are further divided according to whether they showed the selectivity in only one given). We then advanced the window by 10 ms and analyzed the ne ...
... Neurons are classified according to whether they showed a significant main effect (with no significant interactions) or a significant interaction. Neurons are further divided according to whether they showed the selectivity in only one given). We then advanced the window by 10 ms and analyzed the ne ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... degeneration extends somewhat into layer III. Even in layer IV, however, not more than a few per cent of the axon terminals show degenerative changes, and the amount of degeneration shown in Fig. 3 is above average. In layer I the number of degenerating axon terminals is very small, but they are rea ...
... degeneration extends somewhat into layer III. Even in layer IV, however, not more than a few per cent of the axon terminals show degenerative changes, and the amount of degeneration shown in Fig. 3 is above average. In layer I the number of degenerating axon terminals is very small, but they are rea ...
Pontine Gustatory Activity Is Altered by Electrical Stimulation in the
... citric acid– best neurons, the magnitude of inhibition produced by CeA activation increased with an increase in stimulus effectiveness. The responses to citric acid were inhibited significantly more than the responses to all other stimuli with the exception of NaCl mixed with amiloride. The overall ...
... citric acid– best neurons, the magnitude of inhibition produced by CeA activation increased with an increase in stimulus effectiveness. The responses to citric acid were inhibited significantly more than the responses to all other stimuli with the exception of NaCl mixed with amiloride. The overall ...
Frequency-Dependent Recruitment of Fast Amino Acid and Slow
... (Seminara et al., 2003) mouse lines was undertaken for the last series of experiments and generated mutant GnRH-GFP-Gpr54 ⫺/⫺ and Figure 1. Angled, parahorizontal brain slices containing the AVPV projection to GnRH neurons. A, Drawing showing the angle control GnRH-GFP-Gpr54 ⫹/⫹ mice. All exand loca ...
... (Seminara et al., 2003) mouse lines was undertaken for the last series of experiments and generated mutant GnRH-GFP-Gpr54 ⫺/⫺ and Figure 1. Angled, parahorizontal brain slices containing the AVPV projection to GnRH neurons. A, Drawing showing the angle control GnRH-GFP-Gpr54 ⫹/⫹ mice. All exand loca ...
Action Potential Backpropagation and Somato
... Simultaneous whole-cell current-clamp recordings were made from the soma and dendrites of TC neurons. Electrical stimulation of the sensory input (optic tract) (n ⫽ 6) or cortical backprojection (n ⫽ 8) evoked EPSPs that led to the generation of either a single or high-frequency burst of action pote ...
... Simultaneous whole-cell current-clamp recordings were made from the soma and dendrites of TC neurons. Electrical stimulation of the sensory input (optic tract) (n ⫽ 6) or cortical backprojection (n ⫽ 8) evoked EPSPs that led to the generation of either a single or high-frequency burst of action pote ...
Sample
... c) The speed of processing is faster in the frontal lobes than the occipital lobes. d) The path they follow to the brain is direct and does not involve any neurotransmitters. ANS: b, p. 46, C/A, Difficulty=2 2-38. Jerking your hand away after touching a very hot pan results from the activity of the ...
... c) The speed of processing is faster in the frontal lobes than the occipital lobes. d) The path they follow to the brain is direct and does not involve any neurotransmitters. ANS: b, p. 46, C/A, Difficulty=2 2-38. Jerking your hand away after touching a very hot pan results from the activity of the ...
Chapter 2: Biological Bases of Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1
... MSC: TYPE: Easy 17. Which brain cells are responsible for providing insulation around the neuron? a. GABA cells c. axon cells b. curare cells d. glial cells ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's: Understand REF: 2.3 Neurons: Structure, Function, and Communication, Textbook | Animation - Neuron and Transmitters ...
... MSC: TYPE: Easy 17. Which brain cells are responsible for providing insulation around the neuron? a. GABA cells c. axon cells b. curare cells d. glial cells ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's: Understand REF: 2.3 Neurons: Structure, Function, and Communication, Textbook | Animation - Neuron and Transmitters ...
Zinc Alters Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotoxicity on Cortical Neurons
... Zn was included in the exposure solution, this glutamateinduced neuronal losswasmarkedly reduced (Fig. 6B). Like the protective effect of Zn on NMDA neurotoxicity, the protective effect of Zn on glutamate showeda U-shapedZn concentration dependence,with maximal protective effect at 300 FM (Fig. 7). ...
... Zn was included in the exposure solution, this glutamateinduced neuronal losswasmarkedly reduced (Fig. 6B). Like the protective effect of Zn on NMDA neurotoxicity, the protective effect of Zn on glutamate showeda U-shapedZn concentration dependence,with maximal protective effect at 300 FM (Fig. 7). ...
Neuromorphic computing
... Action potentials The activity of a neuron (its “output”) is the action potential (or spike), generated by voltage-gated ionic channels. 1. An external electric stimulus reach the membrane, depolarizing it. 2. Depolarization of the membrane opens Na+ channels ...
... Action potentials The activity of a neuron (its “output”) is the action potential (or spike), generated by voltage-gated ionic channels. 1. An external electric stimulus reach the membrane, depolarizing it. 2. Depolarization of the membrane opens Na+ channels ...
Circuitry and Function of the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus
... 1967; Osen 1972; Ryugo and Willard 1985). The effects of DCN activity on cells in CNIC is beginning to be understood and this topic will be discussed in the last section of this chapter. However, knowledge about the targets within CNIC of DCN axons is in a preliminary state, and it is not possible t ...
... 1967; Osen 1972; Ryugo and Willard 1985). The effects of DCN activity on cells in CNIC is beginning to be understood and this topic will be discussed in the last section of this chapter. However, knowledge about the targets within CNIC of DCN axons is in a preliminary state, and it is not possible t ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... – the closer the two events occur in time, the stronger the association – and ‘contingency’ – there needs to be a correlation or predictive relationship between them. For example, the probability of the second event occurring must be higher when the first event has occurred than when the first event h ...
... – the closer the two events occur in time, the stronger the association – and ‘contingency’ – there needs to be a correlation or predictive relationship between them. For example, the probability of the second event occurring must be higher when the first event has occurred than when the first event h ...
themes - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
... lower motor neurons (LMN) that control the motor function of striated muscles of the pharynx and the esophagus. These LMNs mediate all of the pharyngeal and laryngeal vagal reflexes (see Table 1). In some animal species such as the mouse, rat, and dog, nearly the entire esophagus is composed of stri ...
... lower motor neurons (LMN) that control the motor function of striated muscles of the pharynx and the esophagus. These LMNs mediate all of the pharyngeal and laryngeal vagal reflexes (see Table 1). In some animal species such as the mouse, rat, and dog, nearly the entire esophagus is composed of stri ...
The effect of spinal cord injury on the neurochemical properties of
... projections that supply most visceral organs, including the bladder. Due to its non-spinal ...
... projections that supply most visceral organs, including the bladder. Due to its non-spinal ...
Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and
... Mirror neurons for mouth actions in F5 a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or ...
... Mirror neurons for mouth actions in F5 a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or ...
Mitochondrial support of persistent presynaptic vesicle mobilization
... potentiation reached asymptote, in parallel with the apparently silent addition of new dendritic spines at P15 or the silent enlargement of synapses in adults. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.15275.001 ...
... potentiation reached asymptote, in parallel with the apparently silent addition of new dendritic spines at P15 or the silent enlargement of synapses in adults. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.15275.001 ...
Stimulus Dependence of Local Field Potential Spectra: Experiment
... network. Because our model does not take into account the spatial organization of cortical neurons, we used the simpler approach of Mazzoni et al. (2008) to describe the generation of the LFP. This approach is based on the fact that the major contribution to the LFP generation is given by pyramidal ...
... network. Because our model does not take into account the spatial organization of cortical neurons, we used the simpler approach of Mazzoni et al. (2008) to describe the generation of the LFP. This approach is based on the fact that the major contribution to the LFP generation is given by pyramidal ...
Review Inhibitory neurotransmission, plasticity and aging in the
... glycinergic inhibitory neurotransmission. As seen in development, age-related changes may be activity dependent. Age-related presynaptic changes in the cochlear nucleus include reduced glycine levels, while in the auditory midbrain and cortex, GABA synthesis and release are altered. Presumably, in r ...
... glycinergic inhibitory neurotransmission. As seen in development, age-related changes may be activity dependent. Age-related presynaptic changes in the cochlear nucleus include reduced glycine levels, while in the auditory midbrain and cortex, GABA synthesis and release are altered. Presumably, in r ...
![[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005320946_1-6eb469e446a066f466aecf70147008ff-300x300.png)
[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL
... activation of wakefulness or that of REMS (25, 26). Release of ACh is high in the thalamus in association with cortical activation of both states (27). These cholinergic neurons are thus ostensibly important for cortical activation that occurs in both waking and REMS. On the other hand, their influe ...
... activation of wakefulness or that of REMS (25, 26). Release of ACh is high in the thalamus in association with cortical activation of both states (27). These cholinergic neurons are thus ostensibly important for cortical activation that occurs in both waking and REMS. On the other hand, their influe ...
mecp2 and the epigenetic regulation of excitatory synaptic
... Conversely, histone deacetylation refers to the removal of these acetyl groups, which causes the repression of gene expression by tightening the DNA-histone complex. My work has concentrated on both DNA methylation and histone deacetylation as means of repressing transcription due to their associat ...
... Conversely, histone deacetylation refers to the removal of these acetyl groups, which causes the repression of gene expression by tightening the DNA-histone complex. My work has concentrated on both DNA methylation and histone deacetylation as means of repressing transcription due to their associat ...