mGluR-dependent persistent firing in entorhinal cortex layer III neurons SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS Motoharu Yoshida,
... resting potential and membrane input resistance in normal ACSF were )66.6 ± 1.2 mV (n = 8) and 239.9 ± 13.0 MW (n = 10), respectively. Once a stable recording was obtained, the membrane potential was depolarized by a constant-current injection to just below the firing threshold. In the following, we ...
... resting potential and membrane input resistance in normal ACSF were )66.6 ± 1.2 mV (n = 8) and 239.9 ± 13.0 MW (n = 10), respectively. Once a stable recording was obtained, the membrane potential was depolarized by a constant-current injection to just below the firing threshold. In the following, we ...
studying the isolated central nervous system
... Roger Thomas showed if sodium ions were injected into snail neurons there was a rapid hyperpolarization of the membrane potential by as much as 30 mV. This hyperpolarization was inhibited if ouabain was present or if the extracelhilar potassium concentration was reduced. The hyperpolarization was du ...
... Roger Thomas showed if sodium ions were injected into snail neurons there was a rapid hyperpolarization of the membrane potential by as much as 30 mV. This hyperpolarization was inhibited if ouabain was present or if the extracelhilar potassium concentration was reduced. The hyperpolarization was du ...
Spike-Wave Complexes and Fast Components of Cortically
... IV. Paroxysmal fast runs in cortical and thalamic neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1495–1513, 1998. In the preceding papers of this series, we have analyzed the cellular patterns and synchronization of neocortical seizures occurring spontaneously or induced by electrical stimulation or cortical infusio ...
... IV. Paroxysmal fast runs in cortical and thalamic neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1495–1513, 1998. In the preceding papers of this series, we have analyzed the cellular patterns and synchronization of neocortical seizures occurring spontaneously or induced by electrical stimulation or cortical infusio ...
A neurocomputational model of the mammalian fear
... The modern mammalian brain is built upon ancient emotional subsystems [53]. These systems, which come hardwired at birth, ensure that animals are able to find food, avoid predators, reproduce, and generally meet their basic needs [53]. Recently in the evolution of mammals, the development of the cor ...
... The modern mammalian brain is built upon ancient emotional subsystems [53]. These systems, which come hardwired at birth, ensure that animals are able to find food, avoid predators, reproduce, and generally meet their basic needs [53]. Recently in the evolution of mammals, the development of the cor ...
NK1 receptor-expressing spinoparabrachial neurons trigger diffuse
... cord, respectively [37]. But the fact that sectioning the spinal cord suppresses DNIC suggests that these controls involve supraspinal areas [37]. Surprisingly, DNIC are not modified by lesions of area that are known to modulate pain such as the periaqueductal grey, parabrachial (PB) area, locus coer ...
... cord, respectively [37]. But the fact that sectioning the spinal cord suppresses DNIC suggests that these controls involve supraspinal areas [37]. Surprisingly, DNIC are not modified by lesions of area that are known to modulate pain such as the periaqueductal grey, parabrachial (PB) area, locus coer ...
Passive Properties of Swimmeret Motor Neurons
... motor neurons that innervate the swimmerets—limbs that occur in pairs on several abdominal segments—perform both tasks (Heitler 1978, 1983; Sherff and Mulloney 1996). When crustaceans swim forward by beating their swimmerets, each limb moves rhythmically through cycles of power strokes and return st ...
... motor neurons that innervate the swimmerets—limbs that occur in pairs on several abdominal segments—perform both tasks (Heitler 1978, 1983; Sherff and Mulloney 1996). When crustaceans swim forward by beating their swimmerets, each limb moves rhythmically through cycles of power strokes and return st ...
Rapid Translocation of Zn 2+ from Nerve Terminals
... demonstrated comparable physiological membrane properties, i.e., population excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), spike, and robust pairedpulse facilitation of the EPSP, as with slices in normal ACSF. The stimulation intensities (at 30-s duration) used to evoke half-maximum EPSP and spike were ...
... demonstrated comparable physiological membrane properties, i.e., population excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), spike, and robust pairedpulse facilitation of the EPSP, as with slices in normal ACSF. The stimulation intensities (at 30-s duration) used to evoke half-maximum EPSP and spike were ...
cortical input to the basal forebrain
... However, cholinergic projection neurons represent only a fraction of the total cell population in these forebrain areas, which also contain GABAergic and peptidergic neurons.9,32,86,98 In studies conducted in behaving monkeys, DeLong and co-workers67 and Rolls and colleagues68,90,91 found that basal ...
... However, cholinergic projection neurons represent only a fraction of the total cell population in these forebrain areas, which also contain GABAergic and peptidergic neurons.9,32,86,98 In studies conducted in behaving monkeys, DeLong and co-workers67 and Rolls and colleagues68,90,91 found that basal ...
Gene Dosage in the Dysbindin Schizophrenia Susceptibility
... Neurodevelopmental disorders arise from single or multiple gene defects. However, the way multiple loci interact to modify phenotypic outcomes remains poorly understood. Here, we studied phenotypes associated with mutations in the schizophrenia susceptibility gene dysbindin (dysb), in isolation or i ...
... Neurodevelopmental disorders arise from single or multiple gene defects. However, the way multiple loci interact to modify phenotypic outcomes remains poorly understood. Here, we studied phenotypes associated with mutations in the schizophrenia susceptibility gene dysbindin (dysb), in isolation or i ...
The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and GABAergic
... coding for the α4 and β2 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), respectively. α4β2 nACh receptors are the major neuronal types of nAChR. The known mutations share one common feature, they all increase the sensitivity of nAChR for the ligands acetylcholine and nicotine. However, t ...
... coding for the α4 and β2 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), respectively. α4β2 nACh receptors are the major neuronal types of nAChR. The known mutations share one common feature, they all increase the sensitivity of nAChR for the ligands acetylcholine and nicotine. However, t ...
Amo, Neuron, 2014
... by the active avoidance of potentially dangerous environments is often more effective for animal survival than panic behavior alone. A candidate site responsible for active avoidance is the lateral habenula (LHb). In mammals, LHb neurons are phasically activated to negative or aversive emotional eve ...
... by the active avoidance of potentially dangerous environments is often more effective for animal survival than panic behavior alone. A candidate site responsible for active avoidance is the lateral habenula (LHb). In mammals, LHb neurons are phasically activated to negative or aversive emotional eve ...
Simulating Populations of Neurons - Leeds VLE
... understand the more we come to realise the magnitude of this undertaking. As there are billions of neurons separated by different classes with even more connections of differing types, a top down approach has to be taken. We can only begin to try to replicate processes once the architecture of the b ...
... understand the more we come to realise the magnitude of this undertaking. As there are billions of neurons separated by different classes with even more connections of differing types, a top down approach has to be taken. We can only begin to try to replicate processes once the architecture of the b ...
Text - ETH E
... hypothetical temporal stimulus representations have also been referred to as ‘complete serial compound stimulus’ (Sutton & Barto, 1990) or ‘spectral timing mechanism’ (Brown, Bullock, & Grossberg, 1999). A temporal stimulus representation is necessary to reproduce the depression of dopamine activity ...
... hypothetical temporal stimulus representations have also been referred to as ‘complete serial compound stimulus’ (Sutton & Barto, 1990) or ‘spectral timing mechanism’ (Brown, Bullock, & Grossberg, 1999). A temporal stimulus representation is necessary to reproduce the depression of dopamine activity ...
The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... applied and determined on exit from these neurons was 64 f 8 mV (n = 42, as this could not be obtained for penetrations which were lost suddenly in the presence of steady current). The average input resistance was 20.2 f 10.8 MQ (n = 54). These values are comparable to other reports for guinea pig C ...
... applied and determined on exit from these neurons was 64 f 8 mV (n = 42, as this could not be obtained for penetrations which were lost suddenly in the presence of steady current). The average input resistance was 20.2 f 10.8 MQ (n = 54). These values are comparable to other reports for guinea pig C ...
Spontaneous Spike Activity of Spinoreticular Tract Neurons During
... The state of active sleep is hallmarked by EEG desynchrony, muscle atonia, robust PGO wave activity, and EOG activity (Figures 2, 3). During this state, the ongoing spike activity of all SRT neurons was reduced to 14.7 spikes/s±3.1 (p<0.05, range: 0.5-38). When compared to the state of quiet wakeful ...
... The state of active sleep is hallmarked by EEG desynchrony, muscle atonia, robust PGO wave activity, and EOG activity (Figures 2, 3). During this state, the ongoing spike activity of all SRT neurons was reduced to 14.7 spikes/s±3.1 (p<0.05, range: 0.5-38). When compared to the state of quiet wakeful ...
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
... percentage. (Contrary to popular belief, neither dietary factors, such as the amount of sugar a child consumes, nor poor child-rearing methods have ...
... percentage. (Contrary to popular belief, neither dietary factors, such as the amount of sugar a child consumes, nor poor child-rearing methods have ...
Neural Control of the Pancreas
... plasticity and can be modulated by numerous neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, hormones and physiological conditions (10). Studies using injections of transsynaptic retrograde tracers into the pancreas of sympathectomised rats have demonstrated the distribution of higher order neurons that innervat ...
... plasticity and can be modulated by numerous neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, hormones and physiological conditions (10). Studies using injections of transsynaptic retrograde tracers into the pancreas of sympathectomised rats have demonstrated the distribution of higher order neurons that innervat ...
Vesicular glutamate transporter 3
... ter of serotonergic neurons, whereas the DRDSh consists of scattered serotonergic neurons in the surrounding regions (Abrams et al., 2005; Lowry et al., 2008). The rat DR has, however, been indicated to contain a substantial number of nonserotonergic neurons (Descarries et al., 1982). Numerous studi ...
... ter of serotonergic neurons, whereas the DRDSh consists of scattered serotonergic neurons in the surrounding regions (Abrams et al., 2005; Lowry et al., 2008). The rat DR has, however, been indicated to contain a substantial number of nonserotonergic neurons (Descarries et al., 1982). Numerous studi ...
Disentanglement of local field potential sources by independent
... Abstract The spontaneous activity of working neurons yields synaptic currents that mix up in the volume conductor. This activity is picked up by intracerebral recording electrodes as local field potentials (LFPs), but their separation into original informative sources is an unresolved problem. Assum ...
... Abstract The spontaneous activity of working neurons yields synaptic currents that mix up in the volume conductor. This activity is picked up by intracerebral recording electrodes as local field potentials (LFPs), but their separation into original informative sources is an unresolved problem. Assum ...
Alexander et al., 2009
... cell types contain the endogenous molecular machinery for these types of manipulations. Notably, most if not all DREADDs are fused or tagged to a fluorophore facilitating their anatomical detection ex vivo. Together, these advantages make DREADDs highly attractive research tools for precise investig ...
... cell types contain the endogenous molecular machinery for these types of manipulations. Notably, most if not all DREADDs are fused or tagged to a fluorophore facilitating their anatomical detection ex vivo. Together, these advantages make DREADDs highly attractive research tools for precise investig ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic
... hydrate (400 mg/kg, i.p.) and perfused through the ascending aorta with an ice-cold, oxygenated (low Na/high sucrose) perfusion solution (in mM: 1.9 KCl, 1.2 Na2HPO4, 6 MgCl2, 33 NaHCO3, 20 glucose, and 229 sucrose saturated with 95% O2/5% CO2) (Aghajanian and Rasmussen, 1989). After decapitation, t ...
... hydrate (400 mg/kg, i.p.) and perfused through the ascending aorta with an ice-cold, oxygenated (low Na/high sucrose) perfusion solution (in mM: 1.9 KCl, 1.2 Na2HPO4, 6 MgCl2, 33 NaHCO3, 20 glucose, and 229 sucrose saturated with 95% O2/5% CO2) (Aghajanian and Rasmussen, 1989). After decapitation, t ...
multiple reward signals in the brain
... concerns the presence and values of rewards, their predictability and accessibility, and the numerous methods and costs associated with attaining them. Various experimental approaches including brain lesions, psychopharmacology, electrical self-stimulation and the administration of addictive drugs, ...
... concerns the presence and values of rewards, their predictability and accessibility, and the numerous methods and costs associated with attaining them. Various experimental approaches including brain lesions, psychopharmacology, electrical self-stimulation and the administration of addictive drugs, ...
PDF
... The orbitofrontal cortex has been hypothesized to carry information regarding the value of expected rewards. Such information is essential for associative learning, which relies on comparisons between expected and obtained reward for generating instructive error signals. These error signals are thou ...
... The orbitofrontal cortex has been hypothesized to carry information regarding the value of expected rewards. Such information is essential for associative learning, which relies on comparisons between expected and obtained reward for generating instructive error signals. These error signals are thou ...
Pheromone signaling in the fruit fly Drosophila
... conserved among insect species (Jones et al. 2005), is expressed in almost all olfactory neurons, and is crucial for proper functioning of the OSN (Benton et al. 2006, Larsson et al. 2004). This receptor does not confer an independent odorant response (Elmore et al. 2003), but is thought to be an io ...
... conserved among insect species (Jones et al. 2005), is expressed in almost all olfactory neurons, and is crucial for proper functioning of the OSN (Benton et al. 2006, Larsson et al. 2004). This receptor does not confer an independent odorant response (Elmore et al. 2003), but is thought to be an io ...