Two Types of Neurons in the Primate Globus
... (baseline period); (2) the 250-ms period after the target onset (target onset period); and (3) the 150-ms period starting from 100 ms before saccades (saccade period). We used a relatively long target onset period to compare neuronal activities during antisaccades with those during NoGo trials, beca ...
... (baseline period); (2) the 250-ms period after the target onset (target onset period); and (3) the 150-ms period starting from 100 ms before saccades (saccade period). We used a relatively long target onset period to compare neuronal activities during antisaccades with those during NoGo trials, beca ...
(15 pages pdf)
... *Correspondence: [email protected] DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.031 2Division ...
... *Correspondence: [email protected] DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.031 2Division ...
PDF version - Richard Andersen
... and S. These basic phases are common to neurons of both areas range was similar to that of LIP, typically the LS latencies were LIP and 7a. In each phase (LS, M, and S), individual neurons may or may not be active. Most LIP neurons, however, are active in longer (median 160 ms). 12. In summary, area ...
... and S. These basic phases are common to neurons of both areas range was similar to that of LIP, typically the LS latencies were LIP and 7a. In each phase (LS, M, and S), individual neurons may or may not be active. Most LIP neurons, however, are active in longer (median 160 ms). 12. In summary, area ...
Pearson SA, Mouihate A, Pittman QJ, Whelan PJ
... we show that the bath application of AVP or OXT can evoke an increase in population bursting of motoneurons recorded from the lumbar ventral roots. By using antagonists for AVP and OXT, we found that these peptides were binding primarily to V1a and OXT receptors, respectively. Western blot analysis ...
... we show that the bath application of AVP or OXT can evoke an increase in population bursting of motoneurons recorded from the lumbar ventral roots. By using antagonists for AVP and OXT, we found that these peptides were binding primarily to V1a and OXT receptors, respectively. Western blot analysis ...
Duration Tuning across Vertebrates
... generated by two single-compartment neurons: one providing excitation timed relative to stimulus onset (onset-evoked) and the other providing excitation timed relative to stimulus offset (offset-evoked). Neurons with transient, onset-evoked responses are found throughout the central auditory pathway ...
... generated by two single-compartment neurons: one providing excitation timed relative to stimulus onset (onset-evoked) and the other providing excitation timed relative to stimulus offset (offset-evoked). Neurons with transient, onset-evoked responses are found throughout the central auditory pathway ...
Single unit and extracellular firing rate recordings in vivo
... (S)--fluoromethylhistidine blocked the arousal effect of montirelin in WT mice. We conclude, that direct excitation of rodent TMN neurons by TRH is receptor-mediated and demands activation of nonselective cation channels as well as electrogenic Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Our findings indicate a key role of ...
... (S)--fluoromethylhistidine blocked the arousal effect of montirelin in WT mice. We conclude, that direct excitation of rodent TMN neurons by TRH is receptor-mediated and demands activation of nonselective cation channels as well as electrogenic Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Our findings indicate a key role of ...
Anatomy of Olivocochlear Neurons
... and humans appear to lack them (Moore and Osen 1979). Some work (Brown et al. 1988) suggests that only the thick MOC axons form cochlear nucleus branches. Other studies (Ryan et al. 1990; Horvath et al. 2000), however, suggest branches from LOC neurons. Perhaps these differences arise from differen ...
... and humans appear to lack them (Moore and Osen 1979). Some work (Brown et al. 1988) suggests that only the thick MOC axons form cochlear nucleus branches. Other studies (Ryan et al. 1990; Horvath et al. 2000), however, suggest branches from LOC neurons. Perhaps these differences arise from differen ...
Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in
... Using this protocol, 67 well-separated forebrain cholinergic neurons were imaged and 12 of these neurons–8 from P12 brains and 4 from P30 brains–were traced (Figures 2, 3, 4B, Figure 2—figure supplement 1). Among the traced arbors, nine were in the cortex, two were in the hippocampus, and one was in ...
... Using this protocol, 67 well-separated forebrain cholinergic neurons were imaged and 12 of these neurons–8 from P12 brains and 4 from P30 brains–were traced (Figures 2, 3, 4B, Figure 2—figure supplement 1). Among the traced arbors, nine were in the cortex, two were in the hippocampus, and one was in ...
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science
... Why discuss what a neuron does in terms of computation? We use a simple example to illustrate the problem. When one watches a movie, each frame is presented for about 50 ms, during which time we have to process any changes from the last frame before the next frame appears. To a first approximation t ...
... Why discuss what a neuron does in terms of computation? We use a simple example to illustrate the problem. When one watches a movie, each frame is presented for about 50 ms, during which time we have to process any changes from the last frame before the next frame appears. To a first approximation t ...
Propagation of cortical synfire activity: survival probability in single
... packet input, was computed. Interpreting a and s as deterministic state variables, we could predict the propagation of synchronous activity in a syn®re chain network on the basis of the transmission function. Practically identical results were obtained for a reduced integrate-and-®re model, demonstr ...
... packet input, was computed. Interpreting a and s as deterministic state variables, we could predict the propagation of synchronous activity in a syn®re chain network on the basis of the transmission function. Practically identical results were obtained for a reduced integrate-and-®re model, demonstr ...
Input evoked nonlinearities in silicon dendritic circuits
... As mentioned above, the nonlinearity of the dendritic integration can be triggered by temporally synchronous synaptic input patterns. The nonlinearity we discuss in this paper is due to the NMDA channels. The state of these channels are controlled not only by the presence or absence of the agonist ( ...
... As mentioned above, the nonlinearity of the dendritic integration can be triggered by temporally synchronous synaptic input patterns. The nonlinearity we discuss in this paper is due to the NMDA channels. The state of these channels are controlled not only by the presence or absence of the agonist ( ...
Dopamine is produced in the rat spinal cord and regulates
... et al., 2012), indicating that DA in regions other than the brain may modulate micturition. Recent studies revealed that autonomic neurons in the rat lower spinal cord express DA receptors (Gladwell et al., 1999; Stafford and Coote, 2006), suggesting that DA released within the cord helps regulate a ...
... et al., 2012), indicating that DA in regions other than the brain may modulate micturition. Recent studies revealed that autonomic neurons in the rat lower spinal cord express DA receptors (Gladwell et al., 1999; Stafford and Coote, 2006), suggesting that DA released within the cord helps regulate a ...
Circadian Plasticity of Mammalian Inhibitory Interneurons
... interneurons. The secondary photic pathway, the geniculohypothalamic tract which begins in thalamic intergeniculate leaflet (IGL), also leads to the ventral region of SCN. In addition projections from the midbrain raphe terminate onto VIP and AVP neurons in both SCN regions, although they form more ...
... interneurons. The secondary photic pathway, the geniculohypothalamic tract which begins in thalamic intergeniculate leaflet (IGL), also leads to the ventral region of SCN. In addition projections from the midbrain raphe terminate onto VIP and AVP neurons in both SCN regions, although they form more ...
Effect of Tactile Inputs on Thalamic Responses to Noxious
... in particular for visceral pain (Al-Chaer 1996a– c; Berkley et al. 1993; Rigamonti et al. 1978). A large number of neurons in the dorsal column nuclei (DCN) respond to both visceral and tactile stimulation (for review, see Al-Chaer et al. 1996a; Berkley and Hubscher 1995; Willis et al. 1999). Recent ...
... in particular for visceral pain (Al-Chaer 1996a– c; Berkley et al. 1993; Rigamonti et al. 1978). A large number of neurons in the dorsal column nuclei (DCN) respond to both visceral and tactile stimulation (for review, see Al-Chaer et al. 1996a; Berkley and Hubscher 1995; Willis et al. 1999). Recent ...
Hippocampus : Neurotransmission and Plasticity in the Nervous
... one of the few regions of the brain where neurogenesis, the generation of new nerve cells, occurs throughout adulthood. The hippocampus is involved in physio- and pathological processes, like learning and memory, Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. For these reasons, the hippocampus is one of the most ...
... one of the few regions of the brain where neurogenesis, the generation of new nerve cells, occurs throughout adulthood. The hippocampus is involved in physio- and pathological processes, like learning and memory, Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. For these reasons, the hippocampus is one of the most ...
PDZ Protein Regulation of G Protein-Coupled Receptor
... (PDZ) domain–containing proteins appear most abundant and have similarly been implicated in disease mechanisms. PDZ proteins play an important role in regulating receptor and channel protein localization within synapses and tight junctions and function to scaffold intracellular signaling protein com ...
... (PDZ) domain–containing proteins appear most abundant and have similarly been implicated in disease mechanisms. PDZ proteins play an important role in regulating receptor and channel protein localization within synapses and tight junctions and function to scaffold intracellular signaling protein com ...
Inhibitory interneurons in a cortical column form hot zones of
... hemispheres of four animals (P25–P36, both sexes) were analyzed. All the slices contained the center of D2 (n = 5) and either C2 (n = 3) or E2 (n = 2). Markers were manually placed in somata of neurons and INs [details, especially the correction for doublecounting between slices, are discussed in th ...
... hemispheres of four animals (P25–P36, both sexes) were analyzed. All the slices contained the center of D2 (n = 5) and either C2 (n = 3) or E2 (n = 2). Markers were manually placed in somata of neurons and INs [details, especially the correction for doublecounting between slices, are discussed in th ...
Receptive Fields of Second-order Neurons in the Olfactory Bulb of
... contrast to positions 0-3, 6, and 7, stimulation of epithelial positions 4 and 5 produced activation of a population of cells in close proximity to the recording electrode, as indicated by the observed negative field potentials. Stimulation of these positions also activated the single neuron, as ind ...
... contrast to positions 0-3, 6, and 7, stimulation of epithelial positions 4 and 5 produced activation of a population of cells in close proximity to the recording electrode, as indicated by the observed negative field potentials. Stimulation of these positions also activated the single neuron, as ind ...
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CHAINS
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
RHYTHM GENERATION IN SPINAL CULTURES: IS IT THE
... A/glycine/NMDA and finally mainly on AMPA receptors (Milner and Landmesser, 1999). The spontaneous rhythms seen in the spinal cord of the chick embryo have been modelled on the computer based on the two parameters of hyperexcitability and activity dependent depression (Tabak et al., 2001). Since th ...
... A/glycine/NMDA and finally mainly on AMPA receptors (Milner and Landmesser, 1999). The spontaneous rhythms seen in the spinal cord of the chick embryo have been modelled on the computer based on the two parameters of hyperexcitability and activity dependent depression (Tabak et al., 2001). Since th ...
Hypothalamus
... However, the parvocellular neurons release their secretory products into fenestrated capillaries that drain into the long portal vessels that drain into the anterior lobe. The magnocellular neurons secrete either vasopressin or oxytocin, and are largely concentrated in the supraoptic (SON) and parav ...
... However, the parvocellular neurons release their secretory products into fenestrated capillaries that drain into the long portal vessels that drain into the anterior lobe. The magnocellular neurons secrete either vasopressin or oxytocin, and are largely concentrated in the supraoptic (SON) and parav ...
J. Neurophysiol. - Nonlinear Dynamics Group
... the firing activity of specific populations of neurons to animal behaviors, defining sites with neuronal activity in particular behavioral contexts as the functional areas corresponding to those behaviors. Although such observations are interesting in themselves, these studies do not necessarily exa ...
... the firing activity of specific populations of neurons to animal behaviors, defining sites with neuronal activity in particular behavioral contexts as the functional areas corresponding to those behaviors. Although such observations are interesting in themselves, these studies do not necessarily exa ...
Assembly and Function of Spinal Circuits for Motor Control
... establish and maintain sharp boundaries between progenitor domains and ensure the production of defined classes of postmitotic cells (Figure 1a). Like spinal progenitors, postmitotic neuronal classes are defined by the specific transcription factors they express, and they can be further categorized ...
... establish and maintain sharp boundaries between progenitor domains and ensure the production of defined classes of postmitotic cells (Figure 1a). Like spinal progenitors, postmitotic neuronal classes are defined by the specific transcription factors they express, and they can be further categorized ...
ACTIN CYTOSKELETON REGULATION IN NEURONAL
... branch in characteristic locations along their paths, connecting with multiple targets in different regions of the nervous system. Dendrites usually do not extend over as long a distance away from the cell body as axons but often branch extensively, giving rise to dendritic trees characteristic of a ...
... branch in characteristic locations along their paths, connecting with multiple targets in different regions of the nervous system. Dendrites usually do not extend over as long a distance away from the cell body as axons but often branch extensively, giving rise to dendritic trees characteristic of a ...