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... c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors d) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain ANS: a, pp. 43-44, C, LO=2.1, (3) % correct 59 a= 59 b= 4 c= 11 d= 22 r = .32 18. Two types of glial cells, called __________ and ___________, generate myelin. e) occi ...
... c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors d) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain ANS: a, pp. 43-44, C, LO=2.1, (3) % correct 59 a= 59 b= 4 c= 11 d= 22 r = .32 18. Two types of glial cells, called __________ and ___________, generate myelin. e) occi ...
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an
... different, but overlapping, areas of the midbrain (Figure 3; Figure 3-figure supplement 1; Figure 3-figure supplement 2; Figure 3-figure supplement 3) (Bjorklund and Dunnett, 2007; Haber, 2014; Lammel et al., 2008; Swanson, 1982). Interestingly, we observed an overlapping but dorsolaterally shifted ...
... different, but overlapping, areas of the midbrain (Figure 3; Figure 3-figure supplement 1; Figure 3-figure supplement 2; Figure 3-figure supplement 3) (Bjorklund and Dunnett, 2007; Haber, 2014; Lammel et al., 2008; Swanson, 1982). Interestingly, we observed an overlapping but dorsolaterally shifted ...
Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices
... individuals’ acts (Gallese et al. 1996; Rizzolatti et al. 1996; Umiltà et al. 2001; Kohler et al. 2002). More recently, it has been shown that also motor neurons of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) convexity code the goal of motor acts. Furthermore, in the rostral part of this lobule, MNs have be ...
... individuals’ acts (Gallese et al. 1996; Rizzolatti et al. 1996; Umiltà et al. 2001; Kohler et al. 2002). More recently, it has been shown that also motor neurons of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) convexity code the goal of motor acts. Furthermore, in the rostral part of this lobule, MNs have be ...
Dopamine in Schizophrenia
... abnormality is not stable but is related to the clinical stage of the disease and may subserve or at least contribute to the transition to the active phase. Furthermore, amphetamine challenge and the concomitant increase in DA transmission were correlated with an exacerbation of positive symptoms an ...
... abnormality is not stable but is related to the clinical stage of the disease and may subserve or at least contribute to the transition to the active phase. Furthermore, amphetamine challenge and the concomitant increase in DA transmission were correlated with an exacerbation of positive symptoms an ...
Tactile orientation perception: an ideal observer analysis of human
... total of 1-s stimulation. Each bar extended to the edges of the 400-probe array. From an initial set of 46 neuronal recordings, designated as good or excellent in isolation quality (data generously provided by S. Bensmaia), we eliminated four neurons that responded only weakly to the bar stimuli (ev ...
... total of 1-s stimulation. Each bar extended to the edges of the 400-probe array. From an initial set of 46 neuronal recordings, designated as good or excellent in isolation quality (data generously provided by S. Bensmaia), we eliminated four neurons that responded only weakly to the bar stimuli (ev ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... • All postganglionic PsNS fibers release ACH • Most postganglionic SNS fibers release norepinephrine • Can be stimulatory or inhibitory based on receptor types ...
... • All postganglionic PsNS fibers release ACH • Most postganglionic SNS fibers release norepinephrine • Can be stimulatory or inhibitory based on receptor types ...
Intrinsic and synaptic plasticity in the vestibular system
... periphery was ablated surgically) have provided considerable evidence that both synaptic and intrinsic plasticity contribute to the restoration of vestibular nucleus neuron activity [43]. Spontaneous firing rates of neurons of the vestibular nucleus in vitro increase by an average of 20% within four ...
... periphery was ablated surgically) have provided considerable evidence that both synaptic and intrinsic plasticity contribute to the restoration of vestibular nucleus neuron activity [43]. Spontaneous firing rates of neurons of the vestibular nucleus in vitro increase by an average of 20% within four ...
The Switch of Subthalamic Neurons From an Irregular to a Bursting
... their firing rate in wakefulness (W) compared with slow-wave sleep (SWS) without any change in their random pattern. In contrast, STN neurons exhibited similar firing rates in W and SWS, with an irregular pattern in W and a bursty one in SWS. Thus, the pallidal GABAergic tone might control the STN p ...
... their firing rate in wakefulness (W) compared with slow-wave sleep (SWS) without any change in their random pattern. In contrast, STN neurons exhibited similar firing rates in W and SWS, with an irregular pattern in W and a bursty one in SWS. Thus, the pallidal GABAergic tone might control the STN p ...
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... migrated into r5 (Fig. 2A). The first MLF axon did not reach r6 until around 19.5-20 hpf, by which stage the first FBMN to migrate (arrow) had already reached r6 and several FBMNs had migrated into r5 (Fig. 2C). Axons of the Mauthner and other reticulospinal (RS) neurons also contribute to the MLF, ...
... migrated into r5 (Fig. 2A). The first MLF axon did not reach r6 until around 19.5-20 hpf, by which stage the first FBMN to migrate (arrow) had already reached r6 and several FBMNs had migrated into r5 (Fig. 2C). Axons of the Mauthner and other reticulospinal (RS) neurons also contribute to the MLF, ...
electrophysiological studies of rat substantia nigra neurons in an in
... nigra pars reticulata at 14 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Compared with the control group, there was no significant change in electrical membrane properties and synaptic responses of substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons examined at one to two weeks after middle cerebral artery occ ...
... nigra pars reticulata at 14 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Compared with the control group, there was no significant change in electrical membrane properties and synaptic responses of substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons examined at one to two weeks after middle cerebral artery occ ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors d) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain ANS: a, pp. 43-44, C, LO=2.1, (3) % correct 59 a= 59 b= 4 c= 11 d= 22 r = .32 18. Two types of glial cells, called __________ and ___________, generate myelin. e) occi ...
... c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors d) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain ANS: a, pp. 43-44, C, LO=2.1, (3) % correct 59 a= 59 b= 4 c= 11 d= 22 r = .32 18. Two types of glial cells, called __________ and ___________, generate myelin. e) occi ...
On the Role of the Pontine Brainstem in Vocal Pattern Generation: A
... question of how VOC controls cranial motoneuron pools involved in FM vocalizations was left open in that study. In the present study, we compared neuronal activities of vocalization-correlated neurons (VM neurons) from VOC with those of cranial motoneuron pools. We wanted to find out whether there a ...
... question of how VOC controls cranial motoneuron pools involved in FM vocalizations was left open in that study. In the present study, we compared neuronal activities of vocalization-correlated neurons (VM neurons) from VOC with those of cranial motoneuron pools. We wanted to find out whether there a ...
Nicotine addiction and comorbidity with alcohol abuse and mental
... roles for other neurotransmitters and peptides. A fundamental role of ...
... roles for other neurotransmitters and peptides. A fundamental role of ...
Forebrain glutamatergic neurons mediate leptin action on
... For evaluating the antidepressant-like behavioral effects of leptin (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) or Ro25-6981 (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA), the drugs were dissolved in saline immediately before use and administered intraperitoneally to mice 30 min before the tail suspension test or the forced s ...
... For evaluating the antidepressant-like behavioral effects of leptin (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) or Ro25-6981 (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA), the drugs were dissolved in saline immediately before use and administered intraperitoneally to mice 30 min before the tail suspension test or the forced s ...
Spontaneous persistent activity in entorhinal cortex modulates
... Taken together, their results suggest a region-specific pattern of cortico-hippocampal interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that the ...
... Taken together, their results suggest a region-specific pattern of cortico-hippocampal interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that the ...
Different levels of Ih determine distinct temporal integration in
... behaviour. Although this classification into two neuronal classes is well described, it is unknown how these two classes of neurons contribute to the integration of input to the subiculum. Here, we report that bursting neurons posses a hyperpolarization-activated cation current (I h ) that is two-fo ...
... behaviour. Although this classification into two neuronal classes is well described, it is unknown how these two classes of neurons contribute to the integration of input to the subiculum. Here, we report that bursting neurons posses a hyperpolarization-activated cation current (I h ) that is two-fo ...
synaptic connections made by axons
... positions along the developing neuraxis and subserve different roles. While most cells become interneurones that only synapse with their neighbours, many others must extend their axons towards more distant targets. Matrix substrata, cell surface components and diffusible factors acting on receptive ...
... positions along the developing neuraxis and subserve different roles. While most cells become interneurones that only synapse with their neighbours, many others must extend their axons towards more distant targets. Matrix substrata, cell surface components and diffusible factors acting on receptive ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... a) a chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that is released into the synapse Correct. Neurotransmitters are chemicals. b) any one of a number of chemical compounds that increase the activity of the endocrine system c) the chemical substance found in the cell membrane Incorrect. The neurotransmitt ...
... a) a chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that is released into the synapse Correct. Neurotransmitters are chemicals. b) any one of a number of chemical compounds that increase the activity of the endocrine system c) the chemical substance found in the cell membrane Incorrect. The neurotransmitt ...
Full-Text PDF
... The use of an in vitro test bed for exploring neuronal population activation offers significant advantages in characterizing stimulus-evoked effects. One highlight is the ease of access to a homogenous population of neurons that can be grown directly atop a micro electrode array. Neurons can be stim ...
... The use of an in vitro test bed for exploring neuronal population activation offers significant advantages in characterizing stimulus-evoked effects. One highlight is the ease of access to a homogenous population of neurons that can be grown directly atop a micro electrode array. Neurons can be stim ...
Contribution of Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Neurons to
... only for the tests pertaining to reward responses. To evaluate the relationship between neuronal discharge and specific events, we produced rasters and continuously varying spike density functions (Richmond et al. 1987) aligned on the events. To generate the spike density function, a Gaussian pulse ...
... only for the tests pertaining to reward responses. To evaluate the relationship between neuronal discharge and specific events, we produced rasters and continuously varying spike density functions (Richmond et al. 1987) aligned on the events. To generate the spike density function, a Gaussian pulse ...
Cell-Type Specific Channelopathies in the Prefrontal Cortex of the
... upon their physiologic properties. PT neurons possess conductances that endow them with membrane resonance in the 3–7 Hz range whereas IT neurons are nonresonant. Thus, the presence of resonance can be used to distinguish PT from IT neurons (Dembrow et al., 2010). For these experiments, we made whol ...
... upon their physiologic properties. PT neurons possess conductances that endow them with membrane resonance in the 3–7 Hz range whereas IT neurons are nonresonant. Thus, the presence of resonance can be used to distinguish PT from IT neurons (Dembrow et al., 2010). For these experiments, we made whol ...
Outputs of Radula Mechanoafferent Neurons in Aplysia are
... by bursts of spontaneous action potentials in B4/5. B4/5 burst spontaneously in odontophore preparations. Action potential bursts recorded in a right B4 neuron (RB4) evoked IPSPs in the ipsilateral RB8a and RB21 neurons (left), whereas EPSPs are evoked in the contralateral LB8a cell (presumably due ...
... by bursts of spontaneous action potentials in B4/5. B4/5 burst spontaneously in odontophore preparations. Action potential bursts recorded in a right B4 neuron (RB4) evoked IPSPs in the ipsilateral RB8a and RB21 neurons (left), whereas EPSPs are evoked in the contralateral LB8a cell (presumably due ...
Structure and Function in the Inferior Olivary Nucleus
... olive. In the first chapter, I report on the first direct patch-‐clamp recordings from olivary axons, and show that they fire in short bursts that can relay information about the state of ...
... olive. In the first chapter, I report on the first direct patch-‐clamp recordings from olivary axons, and show that they fire in short bursts that can relay information about the state of ...
Chemosensory pathways in the brainstem controlling
... respiratory drive and although there is a significant role of the arterial chemoreceptors, the principal sensor is located either at or in close proximity to the ventral surface of the medulla. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of central chemosensitivity as well as the neural basis for the inte ...
... respiratory drive and although there is a significant role of the arterial chemoreceptors, the principal sensor is located either at or in close proximity to the ventral surface of the medulla. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of central chemosensitivity as well as the neural basis for the inte ...
CCNBook/Neuron
... range, it doesn't matter what the gears are made from. Thus, there is a level of transcendence that occurs with emergence, where the behavior of the more complex interacting system does not depend on many of the detailed properties of the lower level parts. In effect, the interaction itself is what ...
... range, it doesn't matter what the gears are made from. Thus, there is a level of transcendence that occurs with emergence, where the behavior of the more complex interacting system does not depend on many of the detailed properties of the lower level parts. In effect, the interaction itself is what ...