Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Incorrect. Down syndrome is not an adaptive quality of human beings; rather, it is an illness that is caused by having one too many chromosomes. d. language Correct. The ability to use language as a means of communication is certainly adaptive to human beings. e. the ability to program a cell phone ...
... Incorrect. Down syndrome is not an adaptive quality of human beings; rather, it is an illness that is caused by having one too many chromosomes. d. language Correct. The ability to use language as a means of communication is certainly adaptive to human beings. e. the ability to program a cell phone ...
From Lesions to Leptin: Review Hypothalamic Control of Food
... is essential for normal functioning of the reproductive system (Barash et al., 1996; Chehab et al., 1996, 1997; Ahima et al., 1997; Cheung et al., 1997a; Montague et al., 1997). These observations are consistent with the suggestion by Flier and colleagues that the predominant role of leptin may be t ...
... is essential for normal functioning of the reproductive system (Barash et al., 1996; Chehab et al., 1996, 1997; Ahima et al., 1997; Cheung et al., 1997a; Montague et al., 1997). These observations are consistent with the suggestion by Flier and colleagues that the predominant role of leptin may be t ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... We next examined how each of the three sequentially born subtypes of CFu neurons is specifically affected by loss of SOX5. Nissl staining shows absence of a morphological SP in Sox5!/! cortex (Figures S1A and S1B). Using the SP-specific marker Ctgf (Heuer et al., 2003), we observed a lack of Ctgf-ex ...
... We next examined how each of the three sequentially born subtypes of CFu neurons is specifically affected by loss of SOX5. Nissl staining shows absence of a morphological SP in Sox5!/! cortex (Figures S1A and S1B). Using the SP-specific marker Ctgf (Heuer et al., 2003), we observed a lack of Ctgf-ex ...
Hypergravity hinders axonal development of motor neurons
... Declarations can be found on page 13 DOI 10.7717/peerj.2666 Copyright 2016 Kalichamy et al. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 ...
... Declarations can be found on page 13 DOI 10.7717/peerj.2666 Copyright 2016 Kalichamy et al. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 ...
Control of Gonadotropin Secretion by Follicle
... lGnRH-III but not by mGnRH, whereas the axons in the median eminence were eliminated by lGnRH-III but only slightly reduced by absorption with mGnRH. Using an antiserum against cGnRH-II that visualized cGnRH-II neurons in the chicken hypothalamus, no such neurons could be visualized in the rat hypot ...
... lGnRH-III but not by mGnRH, whereas the axons in the median eminence were eliminated by lGnRH-III but only slightly reduced by absorption with mGnRH. Using an antiserum against cGnRH-II that visualized cGnRH-II neurons in the chicken hypothalamus, no such neurons could be visualized in the rat hypot ...
Neuronal innervation of the exocrine defence glands in stick insects
... Background: Stick insects (Phasmatodea) use repellent chemical substances (allomones) for defence which are released from so-called defence glands in the prothorax. These glands differ in size between species, and are under neuronal control from the CNS. The detailed neural innervation and possible ...
... Background: Stick insects (Phasmatodea) use repellent chemical substances (allomones) for defence which are released from so-called defence glands in the prothorax. These glands differ in size between species, and are under neuronal control from the CNS. The detailed neural innervation and possible ...
Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Oestradiol Negative and
... increased activity of that network, this increase should be eliminated by blocking action potential firing. If, however, the increase in spontaneous transmission is due to an increase in the number of contacts made by the presynaptic network on the postsynaptic GnRH neurone or a change in release pr ...
... increased activity of that network, this increase should be eliminated by blocking action potential firing. If, however, the increase in spontaneous transmission is due to an increase in the number of contacts made by the presynaptic network on the postsynaptic GnRH neurone or a change in release pr ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... Kaseda, and Hideo Sakata. Selectivity for the shape, size, and orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intrapar ...
... Kaseda, and Hideo Sakata. Selectivity for the shape, size, and orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intrapar ...
The neuroprotective effects of milk fat globule
... progression [6]. This suggests that MFG-E8 acts as a suppressor of the peripheral immune system and that MFG-E8 may be a therapeutic target for immune-mediated bowel diseases [7,8]. Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). In neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and ...
... progression [6]. This suggests that MFG-E8 acts as a suppressor of the peripheral immune system and that MFG-E8 may be a therapeutic target for immune-mediated bowel diseases [7,8]. Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). In neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and ...
projecting to oculomotor regions of the pons Activity of monkey
... burst neurons in the PPRF. When this inhibition is released, burst neurons generate the pulse of activity required by oculomotoneurons to drive the eye to a new location at high velocity (Luschei and Fuchs 1972; Keller 1974 ). Oculomotor inputs to the cerebellum are used to monitor and regulate sacc ...
... burst neurons in the PPRF. When this inhibition is released, burst neurons generate the pulse of activity required by oculomotoneurons to drive the eye to a new location at high velocity (Luschei and Fuchs 1972; Keller 1974 ). Oculomotor inputs to the cerebellum are used to monitor and regulate sacc ...
The Prefrontal Cortex and Flexible Behavior
... (Dombrowski and others 2001). Cortical GABAergic neurons are diverse in phenotype, site of their postsynaptic targets, and efficacy of inhibitory control (Kawaguchi and Kubota 1997; Somogyi and others 1998; Thomson and Deuchars 1997; White and Keller 1989). Understanding the organization of inhibito ...
... (Dombrowski and others 2001). Cortical GABAergic neurons are diverse in phenotype, site of their postsynaptic targets, and efficacy of inhibitory control (Kawaguchi and Kubota 1997; Somogyi and others 1998; Thomson and Deuchars 1997; White and Keller 1989). Understanding the organization of inhibito ...
Differential Classical Conditioning of the Gill
... of the differential conditioning protocol. Training consisted of five total bouts of paired stimulation in which stimulation of one side of the siphon (CS⫹) was paired with the US. (The onset of the US occurred at the end of the CS.) The bouts of paired CS⫹–US stimulation occurred at one per 5 min. ...
... of the differential conditioning protocol. Training consisted of five total bouts of paired stimulation in which stimulation of one side of the siphon (CS⫹) was paired with the US. (The onset of the US occurred at the end of the CS.) The bouts of paired CS⫹–US stimulation occurred at one per 5 min. ...
Kv2 Channels Form Delayed-Rectifier Potassium Channels In Situ
... immature and mature times did not vary (40 and 36%, respectively), the inferred proportions of Kv2 channels are similar. The mutant subunit may have produced this effect by decreasing either the number of functional channels, the single-channel conductance, or Popen. These results suggest that funct ...
... immature and mature times did not vary (40 and 36%, respectively), the inferred proportions of Kv2 channels are similar. The mutant subunit may have produced this effect by decreasing either the number of functional channels, the single-channel conductance, or Popen. These results suggest that funct ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... Some of the background evidence on the role of the primate including human orbitofrontal cortex in non-reward, including crucially what needs to be modelled at the neuronal, mechanism, level, is as follows. Single neurons in the primate orbitofrontal cortex respond when an expected reward is not obt ...
... Some of the background evidence on the role of the primate including human orbitofrontal cortex in non-reward, including crucially what needs to be modelled at the neuronal, mechanism, level, is as follows. Single neurons in the primate orbitofrontal cortex respond when an expected reward is not obt ...
Chapter 2 Reivew of Lierature
... levorotatory isomer of nicotine, which is a tertiary amine in nature and constitutes main component of tobacco smoke. Nicotine can easily cross blood brain barrier and cell membrane at physiological pH due to its basic nature. Nicotine acts as an agonist for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs ...
... levorotatory isomer of nicotine, which is a tertiary amine in nature and constitutes main component of tobacco smoke. Nicotine can easily cross blood brain barrier and cell membrane at physiological pH due to its basic nature. Nicotine acts as an agonist for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... Kaseda, and Hideo Sakata. Selectivity for the shape, size, and orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intrapar ...
... Kaseda, and Hideo Sakata. Selectivity for the shape, size, and orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intrapar ...
Disruption of experience-dependent synaptic modifications in striate
... GABA, receptor antagonist bicuculline and found that the deprived eye inputs were retained in area 17. Finally, both Frtgnac et al. (1988) and Greuel et al. (1988) found in acute preparations that synaptic effectiveness could be changed by pairing retinal stimulation with the ionophoretic applicatio ...
... GABA, receptor antagonist bicuculline and found that the deprived eye inputs were retained in area 17. Finally, both Frtgnac et al. (1988) and Greuel et al. (1988) found in acute preparations that synaptic effectiveness could be changed by pairing retinal stimulation with the ionophoretic applicatio ...
Intracellular and extracellular signatures of action potentials
... malfunction of firing of action potentials might lead to various neurological diseases. Although it has been studied for years, many questions remain unanswered. The present work is dedicated to the study of action potential generation, its impact on extracellular field and local network establishme ...
... malfunction of firing of action potentials might lead to various neurological diseases. Although it has been studied for years, many questions remain unanswered. The present work is dedicated to the study of action potential generation, its impact on extracellular field and local network establishme ...
Dynamics of sensory thalamocortical synaptic networks during
... In the vibrissae somatosensory network, primary and secondary thalamic nuclei can be distinguished based on the characteristics of the sensory information that they process (Diamond, 1995). The primary thalamic nucleus is the VPM, and the secondary nucleus is the rostral sector of the posterior comp ...
... In the vibrissae somatosensory network, primary and secondary thalamic nuclei can be distinguished based on the characteristics of the sensory information that they process (Diamond, 1995). The primary thalamic nucleus is the VPM, and the secondary nucleus is the rostral sector of the posterior comp ...
Move to the rhythm: oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus–external
... from the GPe and acts at GABAA receptors. In vitro patch recordings of STN neurons, using the perforated configuration to maintain the natural intracellular concentration of Cl− (the principal permeant ion of the GABAA receptor), have revealed that the equilibrium potential of GABAA receptormediated ...
... from the GPe and acts at GABAA receptors. In vitro patch recordings of STN neurons, using the perforated configuration to maintain the natural intracellular concentration of Cl− (the principal permeant ion of the GABAA receptor), have revealed that the equilibrium potential of GABAA receptormediated ...
Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... establishment of complicated networks among different types of neurons. Mapping this cellular organization is important in understanding the molecular basis of specific brain functions, such as learning and memory. A variety of techniques have been developed to resolve the neuronal networking at the ...
... establishment of complicated networks among different types of neurons. Mapping this cellular organization is important in understanding the molecular basis of specific brain functions, such as learning and memory. A variety of techniques have been developed to resolve the neuronal networking at the ...
Pacemaker Potentials for the Periodic Burst Discharge in the Heart
... potentials are generated. Hyperpolarization impedes generation of the slow potential, showing that it is an electrically excitable response. Membrane impedance increases on depolarization. Brief hyperpolarizing current can abolish the plateau but brief tetanic inhibitory fiber stimulation is more ef ...
... potentials are generated. Hyperpolarization impedes generation of the slow potential, showing that it is an electrically excitable response. Membrane impedance increases on depolarization. Brief hyperpolarizing current can abolish the plateau but brief tetanic inhibitory fiber stimulation is more ef ...
Laminar Selectivity of the Cholinergic Suppression of Synaptic
... from neuron j in entorhinal cortex to neuron i in region CAl, as shown in Figure 2. R,, represents the strength of each synapse in stratum radiatum from neuron k in region CA3 to neuron i in region CAl. For clarity in the examples showing heteroassociative memory function, the synaptic connectivity ...
... from neuron j in entorhinal cortex to neuron i in region CAl, as shown in Figure 2. R,, represents the strength of each synapse in stratum radiatum from neuron k in region CA3 to neuron i in region CAl. For clarity in the examples showing heteroassociative memory function, the synaptic connectivity ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... c) Synaptic vesicles Incorrect. Neurotransmitters are stored in the synaptic vesicle. d) Receptor sites Correct. Molecules that float across the synapse fit themselves into receptor sites like keys fitting into a lock, thus activating the next cell. ANS: d, p. 51, F, LO=2.2, (1) APA=1.1 41. Which st ...
... c) Synaptic vesicles Incorrect. Neurotransmitters are stored in the synaptic vesicle. d) Receptor sites Correct. Molecules that float across the synapse fit themselves into receptor sites like keys fitting into a lock, thus activating the next cell. ANS: d, p. 51, F, LO=2.2, (1) APA=1.1 41. Which st ...
SAD Kinases Sculpt Axonal Arbors of Sensory Neurons through
... proprioceptor axons were present in the cuneate fascicle and nucleus as reported previously (Figures 3G–3G00 ; Solbach and Celio, 1991). Proprioceptor axons were also abundant in the cuneate fascicle of SADIsl1-cre mutants, but their numbers were dramatically reduced in the cuneate nucleus (Figures ...
... proprioceptor axons were present in the cuneate fascicle and nucleus as reported previously (Figures 3G–3G00 ; Solbach and Celio, 1991). Proprioceptor axons were also abundant in the cuneate fascicle of SADIsl1-cre mutants, but their numbers were dramatically reduced in the cuneate nucleus (Figures ...