Downloadable Full Text - DSpace@MIT
... they are the primary source of DA in target structures such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), which play important roles in a broad range of motivated behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders1-3. Although DA neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction ...
... they are the primary source of DA in target structures such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), which play important roles in a broad range of motivated behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders1-3. Although DA neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction ...
Molecules and circuits involved in nicotine addiction: The many
... et al., 1992) and increases the excitatory glutamatergic drive onto DA cell bodies in the VTA (Mansvelder et al., 2002; McGehee et al., 1995). Consistent with the ability of nicotine to potentiate DA signaling, peripheral nicotine administration can increase extracellular DA levels in the NAc of rod ...
... et al., 1992) and increases the excitatory glutamatergic drive onto DA cell bodies in the VTA (Mansvelder et al., 2002; McGehee et al., 1995). Consistent with the ability of nicotine to potentiate DA signaling, peripheral nicotine administration can increase extracellular DA levels in the NAc of rod ...
L1CAM/Neuroglian controls the axon–axon interactions establishing
... nrg14-null mutant flies rescued by a wild-type Pacman construct (nrg14; P[nrg_wt]), all MB axons project through the pedunculus (Fig. 1 B, arrow) to the anterior part of the brain, where they branch and project into vertical and medial lobes indistinguishable from controls (Fig. 1, B, G, and H). In ...
... nrg14-null mutant flies rescued by a wild-type Pacman construct (nrg14; P[nrg_wt]), all MB axons project through the pedunculus (Fig. 1 B, arrow) to the anterior part of the brain, where they branch and project into vertical and medial lobes indistinguishable from controls (Fig. 1, B, G, and H). In ...
Chapter 2: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... 5. Prior to the work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal, what did many investigators believe? a. Nerves conducted impulses at the speed of light. b. Transmission across a synapse was just as fast as transmission along an axon. c. The tip of an axon physically merged with the next neuron. d. All neurons were ...
... 5. Prior to the work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal, what did many investigators believe? a. Nerves conducted impulses at the speed of light. b. Transmission across a synapse was just as fast as transmission along an axon. c. The tip of an axon physically merged with the next neuron. d. All neurons were ...
Article - Leslie Vosshall - The Rockefeller University
... the ventral antennal lobe (Scott et al., 2001). The Drosophila CO2 circuit is ideal for studying odor-evoked plasticity because Gr21a-expressing OSNs are the only neurons in the fly that respond to CO2 (Suh et al., 2004), and they do not respond to any other stimuli (de Bruyne et al., 2001). In this ...
... the ventral antennal lobe (Scott et al., 2001). The Drosophila CO2 circuit is ideal for studying odor-evoked plasticity because Gr21a-expressing OSNs are the only neurons in the fly that respond to CO2 (Suh et al., 2004), and they do not respond to any other stimuli (de Bruyne et al., 2001). In this ...
location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral
... diapause behaviour. Depending on e.g. the availability of food, temperature, and photoperiod, the beetle will either reproduce or enter diapause. Reproduction requires a high juvenile hormone titre in the hemolymph (de Wilde et al. 1968). Diapause is initiated when the juvenile hormone titre in the ...
... diapause behaviour. Depending on e.g. the availability of food, temperature, and photoperiod, the beetle will either reproduce or enter diapause. Reproduction requires a high juvenile hormone titre in the hemolymph (de Wilde et al. 1968). Diapause is initiated when the juvenile hormone titre in the ...
Psychopharmacology - Where can my students do assignments that
... – Changes in reactivity of DA nerve terminals in the nucleus accumbens seem to be involved • A given dose of cocaine causes greater increases in synaptic DA levels ...
... – Changes in reactivity of DA nerve terminals in the nucleus accumbens seem to be involved • A given dose of cocaine causes greater increases in synaptic DA levels ...
Glycemic State Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
... system (CNS) (43; 115) and particular peripheral tissues including muscles (128), adipose (197), and liver (38). As a result, both proteins are widely distributed throughout the nervous system(43; 217) while, at the cellular level, BDNF and its receptors, TrkB and p75, can be located in both the axo ...
... system (CNS) (43; 115) and particular peripheral tissues including muscles (128), adipose (197), and liver (38). As a result, both proteins are widely distributed throughout the nervous system(43; 217) while, at the cellular level, BDNF and its receptors, TrkB and p75, can be located in both the axo ...
Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental
... motivated behaviours and neuropsychiatric disorders1–3. Although dopamine neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction error (that is, the difference between expected and actual rewards), these cells can also signal aversion, saliency, uncertainty and novelty2,3. They are heterogeneous ...
... motivated behaviours and neuropsychiatric disorders1–3. Although dopamine neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction error (that is, the difference between expected and actual rewards), these cells can also signal aversion, saliency, uncertainty and novelty2,3. They are heterogeneous ...
Motif distribution, dynamical properties, and computational
... between excitatory and inhibitory neurons located in different layers, i.e. layer 2/3, 4 and 5, differ significantly for the functional and the potential microcircuit template (see Thomson and Lamy, 2007). In addition this dataset also includes neurons in layer 6. We investigate these two cortical mi ...
... between excitatory and inhibitory neurons located in different layers, i.e. layer 2/3, 4 and 5, differ significantly for the functional and the potential microcircuit template (see Thomson and Lamy, 2007). In addition this dataset also includes neurons in layer 6. We investigate these two cortical mi ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... 10⫻ objective, except for images for CA and CS localization, which were acquired with a 40⫻ objective. Data analysis. Imaging and physiology data were acquired using National Instruments boards and custom software written in MATLAB (The MathWorks). For EPSC current injection experiments, physiology ...
... 10⫻ objective, except for images for CA and CS localization, which were acquired with a 40⫻ objective. Data analysis. Imaging and physiology data were acquired using National Instruments boards and custom software written in MATLAB (The MathWorks). For EPSC current injection experiments, physiology ...
Olfactory Learning in Drosophila: Learning from Models
... express receptors in the antennae. Olfactory receptor neurons project via the antennal nerve (green) to the antennal lobes where they form synapses with projection neurons in anatomical clusters called glomeruli (red sphere-like structures). Projection neurons (yellow fibers) carry odor information ...
... express receptors in the antennae. Olfactory receptor neurons project via the antennal nerve (green) to the antennal lobes where they form synapses with projection neurons in anatomical clusters called glomeruli (red sphere-like structures). Projection neurons (yellow fibers) carry odor information ...
Cerebellar control of visceral responses–possible mechanisms
... results are likely to be very confusing, apparently lacking all regularity and order. Level of integration⎯Cerebellar interaction with autonomic regulation can theoretically take place at any level of the nervous system, from the peripheral receptors to the cerebral cortex. It is, in fact, quite lik ...
... results are likely to be very confusing, apparently lacking all regularity and order. Level of integration⎯Cerebellar interaction with autonomic regulation can theoretically take place at any level of the nervous system, from the peripheral receptors to the cerebral cortex. It is, in fact, quite lik ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... (Fig. 1B) (27, 28). However, this ascending somatosensory pathway does not mediate the thermosensory signaling required for eliciting feedforward involuntary thermoregulatory responses. Lesions of the thalamic areas that mediate the spinothalamocortical signaling eliminate EEG responses in the prima ...
... (Fig. 1B) (27, 28). However, this ascending somatosensory pathway does not mediate the thermosensory signaling required for eliciting feedforward involuntary thermoregulatory responses. Lesions of the thalamic areas that mediate the spinothalamocortical signaling eliminate EEG responses in the prima ...
What and Where Information in the Caudate Tail Guides Saccades
... Passive-viewing task. The purpose of this task was to examine the object eight fractal objects. On the following even-numbered trial, the remainselectivity of the visual responses of CDt neurons. Fractal objects were ing four fractals were presented. Each fractal presentation lasted for 3000 present ...
... Passive-viewing task. The purpose of this task was to examine the object eight fractal objects. On the following even-numbered trial, the remainselectivity of the visual responses of CDt neurons. Fractal objects were ing four fractals were presented. Each fractal presentation lasted for 3000 present ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... (Fig. 1B) (27, 28). However, this ascending somatosensory pathway does not mediate the thermosensory signaling required for eliciting feedforward involuntary thermoregulatory responses. Lesions of the thalamic areas that mediate the spinothalamocortical signaling eliminate EEG responses in the prima ...
... (Fig. 1B) (27, 28). However, this ascending somatosensory pathway does not mediate the thermosensory signaling required for eliciting feedforward involuntary thermoregulatory responses. Lesions of the thalamic areas that mediate the spinothalamocortical signaling eliminate EEG responses in the prima ...
Chapter 2: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... 5. Prior to the work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal, what did many investigators believe? a. Nerves conducted impulses at the speed of light. b. Transmission across a synapse was just as fast as transmission along an axon. c. The tip of an axon physically merged with the next neuron. d. All neurons were ...
... 5. Prior to the work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal, what did many investigators believe? a. Nerves conducted impulses at the speed of light. b. Transmission across a synapse was just as fast as transmission along an axon. c. The tip of an axon physically merged with the next neuron. d. All neurons were ...
Ciliary neurotrophic factor may activate mature
... internalized by cultured cells, was excluded by measuring no CNTF in samples obtained from CNTF⫺/⫺ mice after treatment of mature astrocytes with 250 ng/ml of rCNTF. CNTF cellular content was then used as a marker of astroglial activation in following experiments, rather than GFAP, because this mole ...
... internalized by cultured cells, was excluded by measuring no CNTF in samples obtained from CNTF⫺/⫺ mice after treatment of mature astrocytes with 250 ng/ml of rCNTF. CNTF cellular content was then used as a marker of astroglial activation in following experiments, rather than GFAP, because this mole ...
Total Wiring Length Minimization of C. elegans Neural
... using materials from [1] and new electron micrographs reported an updated set of data on electrical and chemical connections of the hermaphrodite worm. Although [3] was published in 2011, this updated connectivity dataset had been obtained before, and employed for example, in [4]. This refined datas ...
... using materials from [1] and new electron micrographs reported an updated set of data on electrical and chemical connections of the hermaphrodite worm. Although [3] was published in 2011, this updated connectivity dataset had been obtained before, and employed for example, in [4]. This refined datas ...
- University of Alberta
... 3.1.3. Magel2-null mice have an abnormal distribution of neural cell types ......................... 59 3.1.4. Immunohistochemical analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase reaching the post-synaptic dopamine target nuclei ...................................................................................... ...
... 3.1.3. Magel2-null mice have an abnormal distribution of neural cell types ......................... 59 3.1.4. Immunohistochemical analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase reaching the post-synaptic dopamine target nuclei ...................................................................................... ...
doc PHGY311
... processing. The neuronal signals are transmitted by various neurotransmitters released from the afferent fibers, including glutamate, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, -aminobutyric acid, and dopamine. In addition, circulating hormones produced by endocrine organs and ...
... processing. The neuronal signals are transmitted by various neurotransmitters released from the afferent fibers, including glutamate, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, -aminobutyric acid, and dopamine. In addition, circulating hormones produced by endocrine organs and ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... cortical cell (Brodmann’s area 46) that fired without task-relevant characteristics with an average firing rate of about 15 spikes/s. The coefficient of variation of the spike trains is Cv ≈ 1.09. (B) Simulated data from a Poisson distributed spike trains I which a Gaussian refractory time has been ...
... cortical cell (Brodmann’s area 46) that fired without task-relevant characteristics with an average firing rate of about 15 spikes/s. The coefficient of variation of the spike trains is Cv ≈ 1.09. (B) Simulated data from a Poisson distributed spike trains I which a Gaussian refractory time has been ...
Stochastic neural network dynamics: synchronisation and control
... who called it “the rule of dynamic polarisation” [12, 13]. Dendrites are branches that usually extend from one extremity of the soma and are primarily devoted to receiving electrical signals from other neurons and transporting them to the soma. Dendritic trees show extreme diversity in their shape a ...
... who called it “the rule of dynamic polarisation” [12, 13]. Dendrites are branches that usually extend from one extremity of the soma and are primarily devoted to receiving electrical signals from other neurons and transporting them to the soma. Dendritic trees show extreme diversity in their shape a ...
CHAPTER TWO - Test Bank 1
... 13. The function of the neuron’s axon is to ______. a) carry messages to other cells Correct. The function of the axon is to carry messages to other cells. b) regulate the neuron’s life processes c) receive messages from neighboring neurons Incorrect. Dendrites, not axons, receive messages. d) insu ...
... 13. The function of the neuron’s axon is to ______. a) carry messages to other cells Correct. The function of the axon is to carry messages to other cells. b) regulate the neuron’s life processes c) receive messages from neighboring neurons Incorrect. Dendrites, not axons, receive messages. d) insu ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Incorrect. Down syndrome is not an adaptive quality of human beings; rather, it is an illness that is caused by having one too many chromosomes. d. language Correct. The ability to use language as a means of communication is certainly adaptive to human beings. e. the ability to program a cell phone ...
... Incorrect. Down syndrome is not an adaptive quality of human beings; rather, it is an illness that is caused by having one too many chromosomes. d. language Correct. The ability to use language as a means of communication is certainly adaptive to human beings. e. the ability to program a cell phone ...