Functional territories in primate substantia nigra pars reticulata
... objects was used as the target. On each trial, one of the fractal objects was chosen pseudorandomly as the target and was presented at one of four possible locations (right, up, left and bottom). The monkey was required to make a saccade to the target to obtain a liquid reward. Importantly, half of ...
... objects was used as the target. On each trial, one of the fractal objects was chosen pseudorandomly as the target and was presented at one of four possible locations (right, up, left and bottom). The monkey was required to make a saccade to the target to obtain a liquid reward. Importantly, half of ...
Encoding of target direction and speed during visual instruction and
... signi®cant. This strict criterion was used to avoid spurious, shortduration correlations and to take into account the fact that the binwise regression is based on multiple statistical tests. Two approaches were used to compare neuronal ®ring at different speeds (Fig. 2). The ®rst approach was to `cl ...
... signi®cant. This strict criterion was used to avoid spurious, shortduration correlations and to take into account the fact that the binwise regression is based on multiple statistical tests. Two approaches were used to compare neuronal ®ring at different speeds (Fig. 2). The ®rst approach was to `cl ...
Balanced Excitatory and Inhibitory Inputs to Cortical Neurons
... used measure for irregular neuronal firing (Softky and Koch, 1993), does not have such a property (Stevens and Zador, 1998; Sakai et al., 1999; Shinomoto et al., 1999). To obtain an alternative measure, Miura et al. (2006a,b) studied a decomposition of fluctuating neuronal firing into firing rate an ...
... used measure for irregular neuronal firing (Softky and Koch, 1993), does not have such a property (Stevens and Zador, 1998; Sakai et al., 1999; Shinomoto et al., 1999). To obtain an alternative measure, Miura et al. (2006a,b) studied a decomposition of fluctuating neuronal firing into firing rate an ...
MOTION DETECTION MECHANISMS
... limitations of biological hardware, have led to motion detection mechanisms that are far from perfect. A neural motion detection mechanism may not respond appropriately to all kinds of changes in position, and it may respond to some inputs that are not changes in position at all. It is in this sense ...
... limitations of biological hardware, have led to motion detection mechanisms that are far from perfect. A neural motion detection mechanism may not respond appropriately to all kinds of changes in position, and it may respond to some inputs that are not changes in position at all. It is in this sense ...
Ch_14_lecture_presentation
... • Separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space • Cerebrospinal fluid flows within this space • Arachnoid trabeculae extend from the arachnoid to the outer layer of the pia mater ...
... • Separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space • Cerebrospinal fluid flows within this space • Arachnoid trabeculae extend from the arachnoid to the outer layer of the pia mater ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... 35. Which of the following are responsible for acting as a facilitator of communication between neurons? a. motor neurons b. interneurons c. sensory neurons d. reflexes e. hormones Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 51 Topic: The Neuron: Building Block of the Nervous System Skill: Factual Objective: 2.2 ...
... 35. Which of the following are responsible for acting as a facilitator of communication between neurons? a. motor neurons b. interneurons c. sensory neurons d. reflexes e. hormones Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 51 Topic: The Neuron: Building Block of the Nervous System Skill: Factual Objective: 2.2 ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... rents on pyramidal neurons, suggesting that interneuronal synchronization was mediated by fast recurrent excitation. Therefore, cholinergically induced fast network oscillations in the hippocampus appeared to be generated by a synaptic feedback circuit between pyramidal cells and perisomatic-targeti ...
... rents on pyramidal neurons, suggesting that interneuronal synchronization was mediated by fast recurrent excitation. Therefore, cholinergically induced fast network oscillations in the hippocampus appeared to be generated by a synaptic feedback circuit between pyramidal cells and perisomatic-targeti ...
HYPOTHALAMUS
... The mammillary part of the hypothalamus consists of the posterior hypothalamic nucleus and the prominent mammillary nuclei. The posterior nucleus is a large, ill-defined group of cells that may play a role in thermoregulation (see below). The mammillary nuclei are considered to be part of the hypoth ...
... The mammillary part of the hypothalamus consists of the posterior hypothalamic nucleus and the prominent mammillary nuclei. The posterior nucleus is a large, ill-defined group of cells that may play a role in thermoregulation (see below). The mammillary nuclei are considered to be part of the hypoth ...
Estrogenic influences in pain processing Linköping University Post Print
... such that it takes minutes to hours before an increase in protein synthesis can be observed. In contrast with this, it takes only a few seconds for estrogens to alter the electrical activity of preoptic neurons (Kelly et al., 1976) and to increase cAMP in the uterus (Szego and Davis, 1967), a time i ...
... such that it takes minutes to hours before an increase in protein synthesis can be observed. In contrast with this, it takes only a few seconds for estrogens to alter the electrical activity of preoptic neurons (Kelly et al., 1976) and to increase cAMP in the uterus (Szego and Davis, 1967), a time i ...
Planarian shows decision-making behavior in response to multiple
... stimuli, integration of sensory information should be necessary to decide the appropriate behavior. Furthermore, integration of sensory information in this neural machinery is essential for choosing an animal's behavioral strategy based on the context and on the animal's memory, and such integration ...
... stimuli, integration of sensory information should be necessary to decide the appropriate behavior. Furthermore, integration of sensory information in this neural machinery is essential for choosing an animal's behavioral strategy based on the context and on the animal's memory, and such integration ...
Plasticity-related genes in brain development and amygdala
... cues, and comparable long-term alterations are thought to be the physical substrate of learning. Adaptation on such time scales is afforded by alterations of neuronal gene expression, meaning neurons require signal transduction mechanisms to relay external developmental guidance and learning cues to ...
... cues, and comparable long-term alterations are thought to be the physical substrate of learning. Adaptation on such time scales is afforded by alterations of neuronal gene expression, meaning neurons require signal transduction mechanisms to relay external developmental guidance and learning cues to ...
Basic Mechanisms Underlying Seizures and Epilepsy
... Hippocampal circuitry. 2. Newborn granule cells sprout hilar basal dendrites that receive mossy fiber synapses in the hilus, further altering the hippocampal circuitry. 3. Newborn granule cells migrate into the hilus, resulting in abnormal granule cell layer morphology. These 3 anatomical changes ar ...
... Hippocampal circuitry. 2. Newborn granule cells sprout hilar basal dendrites that receive mossy fiber synapses in the hilus, further altering the hippocampal circuitry. 3. Newborn granule cells migrate into the hilus, resulting in abnormal granule cell layer morphology. These 3 anatomical changes ar ...
Membrane Phospholipid Asymmetry Counters the
... eukaryotic membranes. How this heterogeneity is achieved and orchestrated to maintain proper cellular physiology remains poorly understood. We previously found that overexpression of the Drosophila oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) leads to sterol accumulation in the Golgi apparatus. Here, we show th ...
... eukaryotic membranes. How this heterogeneity is achieved and orchestrated to maintain proper cellular physiology remains poorly understood. We previously found that overexpression of the Drosophila oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) leads to sterol accumulation in the Golgi apparatus. Here, we show th ...
Analysis of forkhead and snail expression reveals
... significant fraction (60–70%) of early gastrulating embryos, forkhead expression is excluded from one portion of the blastopore. In the majority of all asymmetrically expressing embryos (60%), expression cannot be detected in one of the longitudinal ends of the slit-like blastopore (Fig. 6G), howeve ...
... significant fraction (60–70%) of early gastrulating embryos, forkhead expression is excluded from one portion of the blastopore. In the majority of all asymmetrically expressing embryos (60%), expression cannot be detected in one of the longitudinal ends of the slit-like blastopore (Fig. 6G), howeve ...
Embryonic Stem Cells - Physiological Reviews
... the epiblast/germ cell-restricted transcription factor Oct3/4 (268, 318). In vivo, zygotic expression of this POU domain containing transcription factor is essential for the initial development of pluripotentiality in the ICM (247). In ES cells, continuous Oct-3/4 function at appropriate levels is n ...
... the epiblast/germ cell-restricted transcription factor Oct3/4 (268, 318). In vivo, zygotic expression of this POU domain containing transcription factor is essential for the initial development of pluripotentiality in the ICM (247). In ES cells, continuous Oct-3/4 function at appropriate levels is n ...
Disentanglement of local field potential sources by independent
... open set (e.g., CA1 region). It is noteworthy that due to the intrinsic ambiguity of ICA, Vk(x) is defined up to a factor, i. e., if Vk(x) is a loading then αVk(z) (∀α∈R, α≠0) is an equivalent loading. Indeed, any scalar multiplayer α in the loading Vk(x) can always be canceled by dividing the corre ...
... open set (e.g., CA1 region). It is noteworthy that due to the intrinsic ambiguity of ICA, Vk(x) is defined up to a factor, i. e., if Vk(x) is a loading then αVk(z) (∀α∈R, α≠0) is an equivalent loading. Indeed, any scalar multiplayer α in the loading Vk(x) can always be canceled by dividing the corre ...
Mitchell, Emma (2016) Detour pathways of descending motor
... influences ipsilateral limb function is less clear. Interest in ipsilateral cortical control stems from studies of stroke survivors, demonstrating increased activation of the ipsilateral motor cortex during movement of the affected limb. This raises the possibility that ipsilateral pathways contribu ...
... influences ipsilateral limb function is less clear. Interest in ipsilateral cortical control stems from studies of stroke survivors, demonstrating increased activation of the ipsilateral motor cortex during movement of the affected limb. This raises the possibility that ipsilateral pathways contribu ...
primary visual cortex and visual awareness
... Visual attention can be directed to a particular region of space, visual feature or object, and can enhance the neural processing of attended stimuli and suppress the processing of irrelevant stimuli. Behavioural studies indicate that attention is necessary but not sufficient for visual awareness — ...
... Visual attention can be directed to a particular region of space, visual feature or object, and can enhance the neural processing of attended stimuli and suppress the processing of irrelevant stimuli. Behavioural studies indicate that attention is necessary but not sufficient for visual awareness — ...
superior Medullary Velum
... interpeduncular fossa, cerebral peduncle, midbrain, cerebellar cortex, inferior colliculus, lingula and vermis is reported to be from the vermian artery originating from the posterior cerebral artery (25). We did not study the vascular anatomy and only fiber dissection and immunohistochemical analys ...
... interpeduncular fossa, cerebral peduncle, midbrain, cerebellar cortex, inferior colliculus, lingula and vermis is reported to be from the vermian artery originating from the posterior cerebral artery (25). We did not study the vascular anatomy and only fiber dissection and immunohistochemical analys ...
Delineation of a frequency-organized region isolated from the
... Submitted 21 November 2014; accepted in final form 17 February 2015 ...
... Submitted 21 November 2014; accepted in final form 17 February 2015 ...
322 Neuroscience I - Jordan University of Science and Technology
... Summarize the components of the limbic system. Describe the location, structure and the main connections of the hippocampal formation, amygdala and septal nuclei. Describe olfactory pathway Describe the neural circuits involved in emotional responses and stereotyped behaviors. These include sexual a ...
... Summarize the components of the limbic system. Describe the location, structure and the main connections of the hippocampal formation, amygdala and septal nuclei. Describe olfactory pathway Describe the neural circuits involved in emotional responses and stereotyped behaviors. These include sexual a ...
theta oscillation in the hippocampus
... al., 1996). Such entrainment mechanisms are the means for bringing neuronal aggregates within/across structures together in time, so as to act in concert. During hippocampal theta waves, associated with exploratory locomotion and REM sleep (Vanderwolf, 1969), neurons within the entorhinal-hippocampa ...
... al., 1996). Such entrainment mechanisms are the means for bringing neuronal aggregates within/across structures together in time, so as to act in concert. During hippocampal theta waves, associated with exploratory locomotion and REM sleep (Vanderwolf, 1969), neurons within the entorhinal-hippocampa ...
