Control of Appetite and Food Preference by NMDA Receptor and Its
... that influence homeostatic appetite can also affect the hedonic aspect of appetite. Furthermore, the melanocortin system is capable of regulating mesocorticolimbic activity and food seeking behavior [29]. In summary, internal metabolic and physiological signals can affect both aspects of appetite, a ...
... that influence homeostatic appetite can also affect the hedonic aspect of appetite. Furthermore, the melanocortin system is capable of regulating mesocorticolimbic activity and food seeking behavior [29]. In summary, internal metabolic and physiological signals can affect both aspects of appetite, a ...
Reticular Formation
... sleep: EEG activity of the cortex changes from sleep pattern to waking state ...
... sleep: EEG activity of the cortex changes from sleep pattern to waking state ...
Age-dependent effect of cholinergic lesion on dendritic morphology
... The profound changes in frontal cortex described above could either reflect or result in changes in plasticity. Previously, we used ibotenic acid lesions of the NBM to begin to investigate potential age-related changes in frontal cortical plasticity [61,64]. The NBM is a basal forebrain cholinergic ...
... The profound changes in frontal cortex described above could either reflect or result in changes in plasticity. Previously, we used ibotenic acid lesions of the NBM to begin to investigate potential age-related changes in frontal cortical plasticity [61,64]. The NBM is a basal forebrain cholinergic ...
Overview - Sinauer Associates
... Until relatively recently, it was believed that a given neuron produced only a single type of neurotransmitter. It is now clear, however, that many types of neurons synthesize and release two or more different neurotransmitters. When more than one transmitter is present within a nerve terminal, the ...
... Until relatively recently, it was believed that a given neuron produced only a single type of neurotransmitter. It is now clear, however, that many types of neurons synthesize and release two or more different neurotransmitters. When more than one transmitter is present within a nerve terminal, the ...
Hippocampus, 22, 1703-1719
... et al., 1986). After trace EBC, a hippocampal-dependent task requiring hundreds of trials for acquisition, both CA1 (Moyer et al., 1996) and CA3 pyramidal neurons (Thompson et al., 1996) showed reductions in peak AHP amplitude, duration, and integrated area, along with reductions in accommodation. T ...
... et al., 1986). After trace EBC, a hippocampal-dependent task requiring hundreds of trials for acquisition, both CA1 (Moyer et al., 1996) and CA3 pyramidal neurons (Thompson et al., 1996) showed reductions in peak AHP amplitude, duration, and integrated area, along with reductions in accommodation. T ...
Slide 1
... FIGURE 11.3 Synaptic interactions in passive dendrites. (A) Simulations showing the temporal relationship between the EPSP and the EPSC. Note the steepest slope of the dendritic EPSP occurs at the peak of the EPSC. The peak of the somatic EPSP occurs when the EPSC is very small (equal to leak curre ...
... FIGURE 11.3 Synaptic interactions in passive dendrites. (A) Simulations showing the temporal relationship between the EPSP and the EPSC. Note the steepest slope of the dendritic EPSP occurs at the peak of the EPSC. The peak of the somatic EPSP occurs when the EPSC is very small (equal to leak curre ...
Variant Median and Absent Musculocutaneous Nerve - Kamla
... William Larsen (1997) quotes that ventral column motor axons sprout from spinal cord in craniocaudal direction around day 30 in a developing embryo. An apical structure “Growth Cone” is formed at the growing tip of axon. The Growth Cone decides the path to reach the target organ. Filopodia present o ...
... William Larsen (1997) quotes that ventral column motor axons sprout from spinal cord in craniocaudal direction around day 30 in a developing embryo. An apical structure “Growth Cone” is formed at the growing tip of axon. The Growth Cone decides the path to reach the target organ. Filopodia present o ...
Rethinking Mammalian Brain Evolution1
... techniques for labeling mitotic cells, marking cell lineages, and experimentally altering development in neonatal animals or in utero by removing or transplanting embryonic tissues are also beginning to provide detailed information about the developmental processes that shape neural circuits. Develo ...
... techniques for labeling mitotic cells, marking cell lineages, and experimentally altering development in neonatal animals or in utero by removing or transplanting embryonic tissues are also beginning to provide detailed information about the developmental processes that shape neural circuits. Develo ...
Ecology and Echolocation of Bats and Toothed Whales
... navigate and forage. Bats and toothed whales possess vastly different ecologies, but have evolved sophisticated echolocation to perceive their environment. Echolocation calls for complex processing of sounds and the integration of auditory information into the motor systems in the brain and differen ...
... navigate and forage. Bats and toothed whales possess vastly different ecologies, but have evolved sophisticated echolocation to perceive their environment. Echolocation calls for complex processing of sounds and the integration of auditory information into the motor systems in the brain and differen ...
Cross-modal Circuitry Between Auditory and
... neurons in the deep layers of the cat superior colliculus, the proportion of auditory–somatosensory neurons was only 4% (Meredith and Stein, 1986); auditory–somatosensory neurons in the cat anterior ectosylvian sulcal cortex comprised only 4% as well (Wallace et al., 1992); for the primate superior ...
... neurons in the deep layers of the cat superior colliculus, the proportion of auditory–somatosensory neurons was only 4% (Meredith and Stein, 1986); auditory–somatosensory neurons in the cat anterior ectosylvian sulcal cortex comprised only 4% as well (Wallace et al., 1992); for the primate superior ...
Dendritic Spine Density Varies Between Unisensory
... multisensory area is that of the superior temporal sulcal cortex in primates (Benevento et al., 1977) or the anterior ectosylvian sulcal area of cats (Meredith, 2004). In the ferret brain, the lateral rostral area of the suprasylvian sulcal cortex, (LRSS; Keniston et al., 2008), and the rostral post ...
... multisensory area is that of the superior temporal sulcal cortex in primates (Benevento et al., 1977) or the anterior ectosylvian sulcal area of cats (Meredith, 2004). In the ferret brain, the lateral rostral area of the suprasylvian sulcal cortex, (LRSS; Keniston et al., 2008), and the rostral post ...
The Organization of Behavioral Repertoire in Motor Cortex
... circuitry? One potential risk in studying complex actions is that it might hinder a mechanistic or reductionist understanding of movement control. Traditionally, motor control is studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained ...
... circuitry? One potential risk in studying complex actions is that it might hinder a mechanistic or reductionist understanding of movement control. Traditionally, motor control is studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained ...
Pattern adaptation and cross-orientation interactions in the primary
... The responsiveness of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) is substantially reduced after a few seconds of visual stimulation with an effective pattern. This phenomenon, called pattern adaptation, is uniquely cortical and is the likely substrate of a variety of perceptual after-effects. While a ...
... The responsiveness of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) is substantially reduced after a few seconds of visual stimulation with an effective pattern. This phenomenon, called pattern adaptation, is uniquely cortical and is the likely substrate of a variety of perceptual after-effects. While a ...
Structure-Function Relationships in Rat Brainstem Subnucleus
... V ganglion cells containing both a yellow nucleus and blue cytoplasm were determined for each case. Infraorbital nerveblock experiments.To determine whether SO and PO patch enlargement is due to relative changes in impulse activity between injured and spared afferents produced by infraorbital nerve ...
... V ganglion cells containing both a yellow nucleus and blue cytoplasm were determined for each case. Infraorbital nerveblock experiments.To determine whether SO and PO patch enlargement is due to relative changes in impulse activity between injured and spared afferents produced by infraorbital nerve ...
Caudal Medulla
... • information from the upper extremities (cuneate cell axons) is conveyed in the posterior part of the medial ...
... • information from the upper extremities (cuneate cell axons) is conveyed in the posterior part of the medial ...
NUCLEI-SPECIFIC RESPONSE TO PAIN IN THE BED NUCLEUS OF THE By
... agglutinin tracer driven by the Nav1.8 sodium channel gene. This type of channel is expressed exclusively on non-peptidergic C-fibres (Julius & McCleskey, 2006). Because the tracer was expressed only in non-peptidergic C-fibres and was able to transmit across synapses, Braz and colleagues (2005) wer ...
... agglutinin tracer driven by the Nav1.8 sodium channel gene. This type of channel is expressed exclusively on non-peptidergic C-fibres (Julius & McCleskey, 2006). Because the tracer was expressed only in non-peptidergic C-fibres and was able to transmit across synapses, Braz and colleagues (2005) wer ...
Spinal nerve
... from other nerves, forming a nerve plexus • Plexuses innervate body structures (limbs, neck, etc.) • Each body structure innervated by rami from several nerves • damage to one nerve or one area of spine may not cause complete loss of sensation or ...
... from other nerves, forming a nerve plexus • Plexuses innervate body structures (limbs, neck, etc.) • Each body structure innervated by rami from several nerves • damage to one nerve or one area of spine may not cause complete loss of sensation or ...
Spontaneous default mode network phase
... 2008). Typically, regions in the DMN exhibit collective increases in neural activity when individuals are focusing their attention internally (Buckner et al., 2008), retrieving episodic memories (Greicius and Menon, 2004), adopting a first person perspective (Vogeley et al., 2004) and making distinc ...
... 2008). Typically, regions in the DMN exhibit collective increases in neural activity when individuals are focusing their attention internally (Buckner et al., 2008), retrieving episodic memories (Greicius and Menon, 2004), adopting a first person perspective (Vogeley et al., 2004) and making distinc ...
the spatial control of ganglionic neurite growth by the substrate
... cells. There is a precise correlation between the known location of the pathway and the spatial distribution of neurites extended from whole ciliary ganglia or dissociated neurons grown on the patterned substrate. When individual growth cones moving on the pathway contact one of its edges, they turn ...
... cells. There is a precise correlation between the known location of the pathway and the spatial distribution of neurites extended from whole ciliary ganglia or dissociated neurons grown on the patterned substrate. When individual growth cones moving on the pathway contact one of its edges, they turn ...
Spatially and Functionally Distinct Roles of the PI3
... 13 DIV sympathetic neurons grown in biochemistry chambers were maintained in medium lacking NGF for 2 days before treatment with medium alone (minus sign) or medium containing NGF (150 ng/ml) for either 20 min or 8 hr. Cellular lysates were prepared from individual compartments containing cell bodie ...
... 13 DIV sympathetic neurons grown in biochemistry chambers were maintained in medium lacking NGF for 2 days before treatment with medium alone (minus sign) or medium containing NGF (150 ng/ml) for either 20 min or 8 hr. Cellular lysates were prepared from individual compartments containing cell bodie ...
Expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating
... increased PACAP mRNA synthesis in a dose-related manner, an effect partially blocked by the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182 780. We postulate that synthesis of PACAP in L6-S1 DRG and utilization in the cervix and spinal cord increase over pregnancy and this synthesis is the under influence ...
... increased PACAP mRNA synthesis in a dose-related manner, an effect partially blocked by the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182 780. We postulate that synthesis of PACAP in L6-S1 DRG and utilization in the cervix and spinal cord increase over pregnancy and this synthesis is the under influence ...