Decoupling of amniote gastrulation and streak
... Mesoderm is formed during gastrulation. This process takes place at the blastopore in lower vertebrates and in the primitive streak (streak) in amniotes. The evolutionary relationship between the blastopore and the streak is unresolved, and the morphogenetic and molecular changes leading to this shi ...
... Mesoderm is formed during gastrulation. This process takes place at the blastopore in lower vertebrates and in the primitive streak (streak) in amniotes. The evolutionary relationship between the blastopore and the streak is unresolved, and the morphogenetic and molecular changes leading to this shi ...
theta oscillation in the hippocampus
... al., 1996). Such entrainment mechanisms are the means for bringing neuronal aggregates within/across structures together in time, so as to act in concert. During hippocampal theta waves, associated with exploratory locomotion and REM sleep (Vanderwolf, 1969), neurons within the entorhinal-hippocampa ...
... al., 1996). Such entrainment mechanisms are the means for bringing neuronal aggregates within/across structures together in time, so as to act in concert. During hippocampal theta waves, associated with exploratory locomotion and REM sleep (Vanderwolf, 1969), neurons within the entorhinal-hippocampa ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
i BASAL GANGLIA PATHWAYS: BEYOND THE CLOSED
... as a person. I would also like to thank the members of my dissertation committee: Rob Turner, Julie Fiez, Linda Rinaman and David Lewis for their time, interest, and feedback, and Okihide Hikosaka for accepting the role of external examiner. I have received considerable support from everyone in the ...
... as a person. I would also like to thank the members of my dissertation committee: Rob Turner, Julie Fiez, Linda Rinaman and David Lewis for their time, interest, and feedback, and Okihide Hikosaka for accepting the role of external examiner. I have received considerable support from everyone in the ...
Input-driven components of spike-frequency adaptation can be
... driven by the strength of the sensory or synaptic input in a feedforward way. For example, certain potassium currents may follow synaptic events or subthreshold voltage fluctuations (Trussell, 1999). Likewise, short-term synaptic plasticity can contribute to adaptation in a feedforward way (Best and ...
... driven by the strength of the sensory or synaptic input in a feedforward way. For example, certain potassium currents may follow synaptic events or subthreshold voltage fluctuations (Trussell, 1999). Likewise, short-term synaptic plasticity can contribute to adaptation in a feedforward way (Best and ...
The multisensory roles for auditory cortex in primate vocal
... behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors is a given. The fundamental question is thus: how do these multiple auditory areas mediate specific behaviors through their interactions with each other and with other sensory and motor systems? ...
... behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors is a given. The fundamental question is thus: how do these multiple auditory areas mediate specific behaviors through their interactions with each other and with other sensory and motor systems? ...
Proopiomelanocortin Neurons in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Are
... The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) receives dense terminations from cranial visceral afferents, including those from the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Although the NTS integrates peripheral satiety signals and relays this signal to central feeding centers, little is known about which NTS neurons a ...
... The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) receives dense terminations from cranial visceral afferents, including those from the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Although the NTS integrates peripheral satiety signals and relays this signal to central feeding centers, little is known about which NTS neurons a ...
Synchronisation hubs in the visual cortex may arise from strong
... termed hubs, tended to synchronise particularly strongly and promiscuously with other area 17 neurons. Indeed, even neurons with differing orientation preferences tended to synchronise if they were hubs. Notably, neurons exhibiting sharp orientation tuning curves showed a strong likelihood of being ...
... termed hubs, tended to synchronise particularly strongly and promiscuously with other area 17 neurons. Indeed, even neurons with differing orientation preferences tended to synchronise if they were hubs. Notably, neurons exhibiting sharp orientation tuning curves showed a strong likelihood of being ...
Tang et al - Pro Aid Autisme
... densities in pyramidal neurons (Hutsler and Zhang, 2010), and reduced functional specialization (Shih et al., 2011). We compared dendritic spine morphology in ASD patients and controls (demographic data in Table S1 available online) using the Golgi-Kopsch technique. In the adolescent group, only mal ...
... densities in pyramidal neurons (Hutsler and Zhang, 2010), and reduced functional specialization (Shih et al., 2011). We compared dendritic spine morphology in ASD patients and controls (demographic data in Table S1 available online) using the Golgi-Kopsch technique. In the adolescent group, only mal ...
Inhibitory Plasticity Balances Excitation and Inhibition in Sensory
... processing in cortical networks, it is not understood by which mechanisms this balance is established and maintained during ongoing sensory experiences. Inspired by recent experimental results (7), we investigated the hypothesis that synaptic plasticity at inhibitory synapses plays a central role in ...
... processing in cortical networks, it is not understood by which mechanisms this balance is established and maintained during ongoing sensory experiences. Inspired by recent experimental results (7), we investigated the hypothesis that synaptic plasticity at inhibitory synapses plays a central role in ...
Fut u re N
... encoding, the larger it grows, thereby increasing the probability that it will be retrieved again. Over time, this memory grows like a snowball rolling down a mountain or a malignant cancer spreading through the body. This growth occurs both within and across anatomical regions. Because the propensi ...
... encoding, the larger it grows, thereby increasing the probability that it will be retrieved again. Over time, this memory grows like a snowball rolling down a mountain or a malignant cancer spreading through the body. This growth occurs both within and across anatomical regions. Because the propensi ...
Neural correlates of odor learning in the honeybee antennal lobe
... throughout the text, recognizing that such ‘units’ may well receive spikes from more than one neuron, possibly two (and in rare cases even three) very closely attached neurons. We included into our analysis only such recordings that were stable with respect to the spike waveforms over the whole time ...
... throughout the text, recognizing that such ‘units’ may well receive spikes from more than one neuron, possibly two (and in rare cases even three) very closely attached neurons. We included into our analysis only such recordings that were stable with respect to the spike waveforms over the whole time ...
Branching out: mechanisms of dendritic arborization
... Dendrites differ from axons in many important respects, both morphologically and functionally148. Dendrites have specialized structures including spines, which are the main excitatory synaptic sites that are not found in axons. Unlike axons, dendrites have tapering processes such that distal branche ...
... Dendrites differ from axons in many important respects, both morphologically and functionally148. Dendrites have specialized structures including spines, which are the main excitatory synaptic sites that are not found in axons. Unlike axons, dendrites have tapering processes such that distal branche ...
Marginal zone cells-the primitive streak
... blastoderms following different types of operation procedures (Table 1). The group subjected to type-I procedure merely confirms that the removal of the primary hypoblast without any further interference does not affect axial development except for a 20 h delay, needed for the regeneration process t ...
... blastoderms following different types of operation procedures (Table 1). The group subjected to type-I procedure merely confirms that the removal of the primary hypoblast without any further interference does not affect axial development except for a 20 h delay, needed for the regeneration process t ...
Multiple Forces Contribute to Cell Sheet Morphogenesis for Dorsal
... http://rsb.info.nih.gov/nih-image/) for further manipulation. For multipanel figures and labeling, PhotoShop or NIH Image images were montaged in Canvas (Deneba Software) or PhotoShop. Hard copies were printed at 600 dpi on an Apple Laser printer for work prints or Epson Stylus 3000 printer (for glo ...
... http://rsb.info.nih.gov/nih-image/) for further manipulation. For multipanel figures and labeling, PhotoShop or NIH Image images were montaged in Canvas (Deneba Software) or PhotoShop. Hard copies were printed at 600 dpi on an Apple Laser printer for work prints or Epson Stylus 3000 printer (for glo ...
Empathic choice involves vmPFC value signals that are modulated
... Humans make different types of decisions. Self-oriented decisions mostly affect ourselves and are guided by the goal of maximizing our own well-being. Examples include what to have for lunch or which clothing to purchase. Pro-social decisions involve trade-offs between our own well-being and the wel ...
... Humans make different types of decisions. Self-oriented decisions mostly affect ourselves and are guided by the goal of maximizing our own well-being. Examples include what to have for lunch or which clothing to purchase. Pro-social decisions involve trade-offs between our own well-being and the wel ...
the vagus nerve - European Medical Journal
... structures give direct input to motor neurons in the DMV, which project vagal efferents to the spleen. In this way, the vagus nerve is able to modulate the splenic immune response.104-106 The immune system does not only communicate with the brain via the circulation. In the case of more localised p ...
... structures give direct input to motor neurons in the DMV, which project vagal efferents to the spleen. In this way, the vagus nerve is able to modulate the splenic immune response.104-106 The immune system does not only communicate with the brain via the circulation. In the case of more localised p ...
Cell-intrinsic drivers of dendrite morphogenesis
... cortex, like that of dendrites in other areas of the brain and in other organisms, occurs via distinct stages mediated by a variety of molecular regulators. After exiting the cell cycle, neural progenitors undergo polarization, whereby an axon is specified and subsequently extends, and this is follo ...
... cortex, like that of dendrites in other areas of the brain and in other organisms, occurs via distinct stages mediated by a variety of molecular regulators. After exiting the cell cycle, neural progenitors undergo polarization, whereby an axon is specified and subsequently extends, and this is follo ...
Neurotransmitter Transporters
... release of a chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter, that carries the information between cells. In order for synapses to be effective at repeated signalling, neurotransmitters must be transient signals, otherwise they would accumulate in the extracellular space and activate receptors continuously. ...
... release of a chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter, that carries the information between cells. In order for synapses to be effective at repeated signalling, neurotransmitters must be transient signals, otherwise they would accumulate in the extracellular space and activate receptors continuously. ...
Modelling Neuronal Mechanisms of the Processing of Tones and System
... studied across the dimension of time at multiple scales, AS allows us to encompass in our study not only neuronal processing at the millisecond scale, but also slower mechanisms requiring from tens of milliseconds to over a second to have an effect. In short, we can incorporate great detail while no ...
... studied across the dimension of time at multiple scales, AS allows us to encompass in our study not only neuronal processing at the millisecond scale, but also slower mechanisms requiring from tens of milliseconds to over a second to have an effect. In short, we can incorporate great detail while no ...
Background - Harvard University
... the feeling of its going down the throat, or the rise in blood sugar subsequent to its digestion that makes it a reward and has one come back for more? Which of these events constitutes the primary rewarding effect, and do different objects draw their rewarding effects from different events (Wise 20 ...
... the feeling of its going down the throat, or the rise in blood sugar subsequent to its digestion that makes it a reward and has one come back for more? Which of these events constitutes the primary rewarding effect, and do different objects draw their rewarding effects from different events (Wise 20 ...
- CUNY Academic Works
... (VTA) and projects to forebrain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), amygdala (AMG) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). These forebrain regions will be referred to as the DA terminal regions. The neural mechanisms underlying this type of rewardrelated learning in this system are not fully understo ...
... (VTA) and projects to forebrain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), amygdala (AMG) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). These forebrain regions will be referred to as the DA terminal regions. The neural mechanisms underlying this type of rewardrelated learning in this system are not fully understo ...