Prefrontal and parietal cortex mediate the interference
... [4,5]. It has also been reported that elapsed time is represented by the time-dependent ramping activity of neurons in the posterior parietal cortex in monkeys [6]. In humans, similar timedependent increases of BOLD responses during encoding of long time intervals (9 and 18 s) have been reported in ...
... [4,5]. It has also been reported that elapsed time is represented by the time-dependent ramping activity of neurons in the posterior parietal cortex in monkeys [6]. In humans, similar timedependent increases of BOLD responses during encoding of long time intervals (9 and 18 s) have been reported in ...
Highly Specific Olfactory Receptor Neurons for Types of Amino
... number of action potentials occurring within successive 250-ms time bins for 1 s before and subsequent to the initial onset of the odorinduced EOG. In a subset of experiments, the ITSA was used to analyze the number of action potentials occurring during 1 s before stimulation and the first and third ...
... number of action potentials occurring within successive 250-ms time bins for 1 s before and subsequent to the initial onset of the odorinduced EOG. In a subset of experiments, the ITSA was used to analyze the number of action potentials occurring during 1 s before stimulation and the first and third ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
Tuning Curve Shift by Attention Modulation in Cortical Neurons: a
... consequence of spatial attention being mediated by a ‘spotlight’ bias input to the recorded cortical area. Here we show that, in fact, this is not the case. A previous attempt to explain the shift effect (McAdams and Maunsell, 1999; Maunsell and McAdams, 2001) made use of the layered feedforward arc ...
... consequence of spatial attention being mediated by a ‘spotlight’ bias input to the recorded cortical area. Here we show that, in fact, this is not the case. A previous attempt to explain the shift effect (McAdams and Maunsell, 1999; Maunsell and McAdams, 2001) made use of the layered feedforward arc ...
Sample
... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus
... The SN pars compacta (SNc) and pars reticulata (SNr) are interconnected with the PPN (Saper and Loewy, 1982; Woolf and Butcher, 1986). In the rat and monkey, SNc dopaminergic neurons receive direct glutamatergic and cholinergic input from PPN neurons (Sugimoto and Hattori, 1984; Clarke et al., 1987; ...
... The SN pars compacta (SNc) and pars reticulata (SNr) are interconnected with the PPN (Saper and Loewy, 1982; Woolf and Butcher, 1986). In the rat and monkey, SNc dopaminergic neurons receive direct glutamatergic and cholinergic input from PPN neurons (Sugimoto and Hattori, 1984; Clarke et al., 1987; ...
Axonal Dopamine Receptors Activate Peripheral Spike
... of action potentials between physically and electrotonically distant sites. Motor neuron axons usually faithfully transmit action potentials from a somatic/dendritic integration site to a distant muscle target. Most axons are thought to have a relatively simple complement of voltage-activated curren ...
... of action potentials between physically and electrotonically distant sites. Motor neuron axons usually faithfully transmit action potentials from a somatic/dendritic integration site to a distant muscle target. Most axons are thought to have a relatively simple complement of voltage-activated curren ...
Saccadic Eye Movements Modulate Visual Responses in the Lateral
... Origin of the Effect This saccade-related variation of the gain of the visual response is not predicted by our current understanding of geniculate processing. It reflects an effect of saccades on either retinal activity or retinogeniculate transmission. The stimulus was designed so that saccadic mod ...
... Origin of the Effect This saccade-related variation of the gain of the visual response is not predicted by our current understanding of geniculate processing. It reflects an effect of saccades on either retinal activity or retinogeniculate transmission. The stimulus was designed so that saccadic mod ...
The heart-forming fields: one or multiple?
... OF THE HEART TUBE It has long been recognized that, during the process of gastrulation, cardiogenic precursor cells leave the anterior part of the primitive streak and give rise to two heart-forming regions. These areas are located in the anterior mesodermal germ layer and are positioned on either s ...
... OF THE HEART TUBE It has long been recognized that, during the process of gastrulation, cardiogenic precursor cells leave the anterior part of the primitive streak and give rise to two heart-forming regions. These areas are located in the anterior mesodermal germ layer and are positioned on either s ...
A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway
... the level of dendrites it is sufficiently sparse to support branch-specific disinhibition, and there- ...
... the level of dendrites it is sufficiently sparse to support branch-specific disinhibition, and there- ...
Saccade Target Selection in Frontal Eye Field of Macaque. I. Visual
... after the target was presented for a variable length of time ranging from SO to 1000 msec. The color change of the central spot signaled the monkey to make or withhold a saccade to the target (Fig. 1B); the instructed delay condition usually included 12% nogo trials to discourage premature movements ...
... after the target was presented for a variable length of time ranging from SO to 1000 msec. The color change of the central spot signaled the monkey to make or withhold a saccade to the target (Fig. 1B); the instructed delay condition usually included 12% nogo trials to discourage premature movements ...
100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... have indicated, however, that depression of thalamocortical synaptic transmission after MD is very rapid, occurring at the same rate as the OD shift (Khibnik, Cho, & Bear, 2010). Thus, although modifications of other synapses clearly occur after MD, the changes in thalamocortical synaptic transmissi ...
... have indicated, however, that depression of thalamocortical synaptic transmission after MD is very rapid, occurring at the same rate as the OD shift (Khibnik, Cho, & Bear, 2010). Thus, although modifications of other synapses clearly occur after MD, the changes in thalamocortical synaptic transmissi ...
Inhibition of the cell cycle is required for convergent extension of the
... the Wee2 transcript is localized to the paraxial mesoderm during gastrulation and neurulation, making Wee2 a possible candidate for causing the low mitotic index in the paraxial mesoderm. In this study, we have found that Wee2-mediated inhibition of the cell cycle is required for the proper position ...
... the Wee2 transcript is localized to the paraxial mesoderm during gastrulation and neurulation, making Wee2 a possible candidate for causing the low mitotic index in the paraxial mesoderm. In this study, we have found that Wee2-mediated inhibition of the cell cycle is required for the proper position ...
Pattern of Motor Coordination Underlying Backward Swimming in
... (and function of time) for the same swim cycle. In this particular case, the wave of body flexion propagated forward at the speed of nearly 25% of the body length per second. A representative recording of four EMGs during BS is shown in Fig. 3A. The electrodes were positioned bilaterally in the midb ...
... (and function of time) for the same swim cycle. In this particular case, the wave of body flexion propagated forward at the speed of nearly 25% of the body length per second. A representative recording of four EMGs during BS is shown in Fig. 3A. The electrodes were positioned bilaterally in the midb ...
The Matrix Protein Hikaru genki Localizes to Cholinergic Synaptic
... Figure 1. Hig localizes in the synaptic clefts of cholinergic synapses in the brain. A, Distribution of Hig in the brain. Frontal sections of the anterior and posterior brain regions are shown. Hig was observed in the entire synaptic region labeled with Brp in the WT brain, whereas Hig signals disap ...
... Figure 1. Hig localizes in the synaptic clefts of cholinergic synapses in the brain. A, Distribution of Hig in the brain. Frontal sections of the anterior and posterior brain regions are shown. Hig was observed in the entire synaptic region labeled with Brp in the WT brain, whereas Hig signals disap ...
Supplementary Motor Area and Presupplementary Motor Area
... differential origin of subcortical projections to the SMA and pre-SMA suggests that these cortical areas are nodes in distinct neural systems. Although both systems are the target of outputs from the basal ganglia and the cerebellum, these two cortical areas seem to be dominated by basal ganglia inp ...
... differential origin of subcortical projections to the SMA and pre-SMA suggests that these cortical areas are nodes in distinct neural systems. Although both systems are the target of outputs from the basal ganglia and the cerebellum, these two cortical areas seem to be dominated by basal ganglia inp ...
Massive normalization of olfactory bulb output in mice with a
... and discriminate between many different smells. Now, Roland, Jordan, Sosulski et al. – including several of the researchers involved in the 2008 study – have tracked the brain activity of these mice as they were exposed to various smells to find out how they can recognize such a wide range of odors ...
... and discriminate between many different smells. Now, Roland, Jordan, Sosulski et al. – including several of the researchers involved in the 2008 study – have tracked the brain activity of these mice as they were exposed to various smells to find out how they can recognize such a wide range of odors ...
The mechanism of lens placode formation: A - Ashery
... because the extracellular matrix (ECM) between the optic vesicle and the surface ectoderm prevents the prospective lens cells from spreading. Continued cell proliferation within this restricted area was proposed to cause cell crowding, leading to cell elongation (placode formation). This view sugges ...
... because the extracellular matrix (ECM) between the optic vesicle and the surface ectoderm prevents the prospective lens cells from spreading. Continued cell proliferation within this restricted area was proposed to cause cell crowding, leading to cell elongation (placode formation). This view sugges ...
Molecular and morphological analyses of basal forebrain
... nearly all forebrain structures such as the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala and septum (Marin et al., 2000; Gelman et al., 2009; Nobrega-Pereira et al., 2010). Migratory cells from each of these three embryonic proliferative zones are further classified into septal progenitor domains, SE1-6 ...
... nearly all forebrain structures such as the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala and septum (Marin et al., 2000; Gelman et al., 2009; Nobrega-Pereira et al., 2010). Migratory cells from each of these three embryonic proliferative zones are further classified into septal progenitor domains, SE1-6 ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... parapineal development (Fig. 2). However, unlike tbx2b, flh is not expressed in the parapineal organ itself (Fig. 2). A previous publication reported that Flh and Tbx2b act in separate genetic pathways with Flh specifying pineal cell types and Tbx2b governing parapineal cell fate (Snelson et al., 20 ...
... parapineal development (Fig. 2). However, unlike tbx2b, flh is not expressed in the parapineal organ itself (Fig. 2). A previous publication reported that Flh and Tbx2b act in separate genetic pathways with Flh specifying pineal cell types and Tbx2b governing parapineal cell fate (Snelson et al., 20 ...
Vdhjections InducedInto the Auditory Pathway of Ferrets. I
... The organization of cortical circuitry responsible for processing sensory information is a subject of intense examination. However, it is not known whether cortical cells in different sensory cortices process information in a way that is specific to the modality of their input, or whether there are ...
... The organization of cortical circuitry responsible for processing sensory information is a subject of intense examination. However, it is not known whether cortical cells in different sensory cortices process information in a way that is specific to the modality of their input, or whether there are ...