Investigating Anatomical and Molecular Aspects of
... terminals within MS and GTOs are deformed, which is believed to activate stretchsensitive ion channels allowing for subsequent influx of sodium, receptor depolarization, and action potential generation (Scott, 2005; Bewick and Banks, 2014). The ion channel(s) responsible for stretch sensitivity of M ...
... terminals within MS and GTOs are deformed, which is believed to activate stretchsensitive ion channels allowing for subsequent influx of sodium, receptor depolarization, and action potential generation (Scott, 2005; Bewick and Banks, 2014). The ion channel(s) responsible for stretch sensitivity of M ...
NROSCI/BIOSC 1070 and MSNBIO 2070 September 12, 2016
... Hormonal release mechanisms from the anterior and posterior pituitary are completely different. Hormones released from the anterior pituitary are produced by endocrine cells located in this glandular tissue. However, the synthesis and release of these hormones is tightly controlled by the hypothalam ...
... Hormonal release mechanisms from the anterior and posterior pituitary are completely different. Hormones released from the anterior pituitary are produced by endocrine cells located in this glandular tissue. However, the synthesis and release of these hormones is tightly controlled by the hypothalam ...
Timing in reward and decision processes
... accuracy [1,2], and this accuracy decays proportionally with delay [3–5]. The ability to estimate short time intervals plays an important role in everyday behaviour. Timing is essential for predicting and planning actions. A good example is the temporal accuracy required to hit a ball in a tennis ga ...
... accuracy [1,2], and this accuracy decays proportionally with delay [3–5]. The ability to estimate short time intervals plays an important role in everyday behaviour. Timing is essential for predicting and planning actions. A good example is the temporal accuracy required to hit a ball in a tennis ga ...
Local Connections to Specific Types of Layer 6
... we measured the length of basal and apical dendrites as well as the numbers of their respective branches and terminations within each layer. Cells with poor biocytin labeling, such that their anatomical type could not be determined, were excluded from the study. Some cells were well-labeled without ...
... we measured the length of basal and apical dendrites as well as the numbers of their respective branches and terminations within each layer. Cells with poor biocytin labeling, such that their anatomical type could not be determined, were excluded from the study. Some cells were well-labeled without ...
Title
... Goldman clarifies this distinction by making note of the negative and positive approaches to ST. On the negative approach, any suggestion that mind-reading is theoretical threatens ST. So ST traditionally denies that the attributor makes theoretical inferences. That is, she does not make inferences ...
... Goldman clarifies this distinction by making note of the negative and positive approaches to ST. On the negative approach, any suggestion that mind-reading is theoretical threatens ST. So ST traditionally denies that the attributor makes theoretical inferences. That is, she does not make inferences ...
Failure of extraembryonic membrane formation and mesoderm
... Communicated by Igor B. Dawid, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, June 12, 1998 (received for review April 21, 1998) ...
... Communicated by Igor B. Dawid, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, June 12, 1998 (received for review April 21, 1998) ...
Martin, Neuroscientist 2005
... and descend as the ventral corticospinal tract. In addition to the corticospinal tract, the corticospinal system contains indirect paths that project first to brain stem motor nuclei and from there to the spinal cord. The spinal gray matter is the target of the corticospinal tract. It is composed of ...
... and descend as the ventral corticospinal tract. In addition to the corticospinal tract, the corticospinal system contains indirect paths that project first to brain stem motor nuclei and from there to the spinal cord. The spinal gray matter is the target of the corticospinal tract. It is composed of ...
melanogaster
... exhibit a boost in their response to visual motion during ight compared to quiescence. Pharmacological application of octopamine evokes responses in quiescent ies that mimic those observed during ight, and octopamine neurons that project to the optic lobes increase in activity during ight. Using ...
... exhibit a boost in their response to visual motion during ight compared to quiescence. Pharmacological application of octopamine evokes responses in quiescent ies that mimic those observed during ight, and octopamine neurons that project to the optic lobes increase in activity during ight. Using ...
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the control
... research, we combined tract tracing approaches and in vivo electrophysiological recordings to demonstrate that the BST actively relays the excitatory drive from the ILCx to VTA DA neurons (Massi et al., 2008). The vSUB plays an important role in the relapse to cocaine seeking behavior (Rogers and Se ...
... research, we combined tract tracing approaches and in vivo electrophysiological recordings to demonstrate that the BST actively relays the excitatory drive from the ILCx to VTA DA neurons (Massi et al., 2008). The vSUB plays an important role in the relapse to cocaine seeking behavior (Rogers and Se ...
Information Processing in the Rostral Solitary Nucleus: Modulation
... chorda tympani (CT) inputs (J. B. Travers & Smith, 1979). Although there is considerable variability in both firing frequency and breadth of tuning within populations of peripheral afferents and central rNST neurons, there is a clear tendency for taste responses to become both faster and more broadl ...
... chorda tympani (CT) inputs (J. B. Travers & Smith, 1979). Although there is considerable variability in both firing frequency and breadth of tuning within populations of peripheral afferents and central rNST neurons, there is a clear tendency for taste responses to become both faster and more broadl ...
Review Reward, Motivation, and Reinforcement Learning
... There is substantial evidence that dopamine is involved in reward learning and appetitive conditioning. However, the major reinforcement learning-based theoretical models of classical conditioning (crudely, prediction learning) are actually based on rules designed to explain instrumental conditionin ...
... There is substantial evidence that dopamine is involved in reward learning and appetitive conditioning. However, the major reinforcement learning-based theoretical models of classical conditioning (crudely, prediction learning) are actually based on rules designed to explain instrumental conditionin ...
Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster
... Stepanyan, Ruben, Kristen Day, Jason Urban, Debra H. Hardin, Ranjit S. Shetty, Charles D. Derby, Barry W. Ache, and Timothy S. McClintock. Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster olfactory organ. Physiol Genomics 25: 224 –233, 2006; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00276.2005.—T ...
... Stepanyan, Ruben, Kristen Day, Jason Urban, Debra H. Hardin, Ranjit S. Shetty, Charles D. Derby, Barry W. Ache, and Timothy S. McClintock. Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster olfactory organ. Physiol Genomics 25: 224 –233, 2006; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00276.2005.—T ...
Circadian and histaminergic regulation of the sleep
... During 6-hours of sleep deprivation, the histamine release was constantly upregulated and comparable to its level during wakefulness, whereas when the sleep deprivation ceased, the release of histamine immediately dropped to the baseline level. Constant administration of histamine into the basal for ...
... During 6-hours of sleep deprivation, the histamine release was constantly upregulated and comparable to its level during wakefulness, whereas when the sleep deprivation ceased, the release of histamine immediately dropped to the baseline level. Constant administration of histamine into the basal for ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic
... in a 1% Triton X-100 solution, they were incubated in avidin– biotin peroxidase complex (ABC; 1:200; Vectastain Elite kit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). The peroxidase reaction product was subsequently visualized by incubating the sections in 0.022% diaminobenzidine, 0.3% NiSO4(NH4)2SO4, and ...
... in a 1% Triton X-100 solution, they were incubated in avidin– biotin peroxidase complex (ABC; 1:200; Vectastain Elite kit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). The peroxidase reaction product was subsequently visualized by incubating the sections in 0.022% diaminobenzidine, 0.3% NiSO4(NH4)2SO4, and ...
Basal Ganglia YAYDAR 2012-2013
... – (1) to determine how rapidly the movement is to be performed and – (2) to control how large the movement will be. • For instance, a person may write the letter "a" slowly or rapidly. Also, he or she may write a small "a" on a piece of paper or a large "a" on a chalkboard. Regardless of the choice, ...
... – (1) to determine how rapidly the movement is to be performed and – (2) to control how large the movement will be. • For instance, a person may write the letter "a" slowly or rapidly. Also, he or she may write a small "a" on a piece of paper or a large "a" on a chalkboard. Regardless of the choice, ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
... My research was made possible by the financial support I received from my Australian Postgraduate Award, an Australian Research Council Discovery Project, and the Australian Federal and Victorian State Governments and the Australian Research Council through the ICT Centre of Excellence program, Nati ...
... My research was made possible by the financial support I received from my Australian Postgraduate Award, an Australian Research Council Discovery Project, and the Australian Federal and Victorian State Governments and the Australian Research Council through the ICT Centre of Excellence program, Nati ...
The encoding and decoding of com-
... that, in comparison with pure linear readouts used previously, the proposed system provides a robust, fast and highly compact representation of visual input. We then generalized this optimized encoding-decoding paradigm to deal with a number of robotics application in real-world tasks to investigate ...
... that, in comparison with pure linear readouts used previously, the proposed system provides a robust, fast and highly compact representation of visual input. We then generalized this optimized encoding-decoding paradigm to deal with a number of robotics application in real-world tasks to investigate ...
Targeted effects of retinoic acid signaling upon photoreceptor
... 2002), the signaling mechanisms through which RA achieves its specific developmental effects remain unclear. In the present study, we have addressed these issues by investigating the mechanisms through which RA signaling affects photoreceptor development in the zebrafish embryo. The zebrafish retina ...
... 2002), the signaling mechanisms through which RA achieves its specific developmental effects remain unclear. In the present study, we have addressed these issues by investigating the mechanisms through which RA signaling affects photoreceptor development in the zebrafish embryo. The zebrafish retina ...
Dexamethasone Rapidly Increases GABA Release in the Dorsal
... cannabinoids and possibly other retrograde messengers, which in turn modulate afferent synaptic transmission [16–18]. Evidence for rapid cellular responses to activation of a somatic glucocorticoid receptor has also been shown in hippocampal cell cultures [19], and glucocorticoid receptors associate ...
... cannabinoids and possibly other retrograde messengers, which in turn modulate afferent synaptic transmission [16–18]. Evidence for rapid cellular responses to activation of a somatic glucocorticoid receptor has also been shown in hippocampal cell cultures [19], and glucocorticoid receptors associate ...
Different neurotrophins are expressed and act in a developmental
... response to BDNF and NT-3 prior to naturally occurring cell death The survival effects of neurotrophins on cultured embryonic trigeminal neurons are clearly observed after 48 hours incubation when virtually all neurons have died in control cultures. Furthermore, since the serum-free medium used in t ...
... response to BDNF and NT-3 prior to naturally occurring cell death The survival effects of neurotrophins on cultured embryonic trigeminal neurons are clearly observed after 48 hours incubation when virtually all neurons have died in control cultures. Furthermore, since the serum-free medium used in t ...