Chapter 8: The Nervous System
... 49. Describe how the spinal cord acts as a reflex center and a relay center. Ans: The gray matter of the spinal cord contains the sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons involved in spinal reflexes. The white matter of the spinal cord contains nerve tracts composed of nerve fibers carrying ...
... 49. Describe how the spinal cord acts as a reflex center and a relay center. Ans: The gray matter of the spinal cord contains the sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons involved in spinal reflexes. The white matter of the spinal cord contains nerve tracts composed of nerve fibers carrying ...
Representation in the Human Brain of Food Texture and Oral Fat
... areas where the palatability of oral fat is represented, how different satiety signals affect this representation, and how these processes may differ in obese humans. Understanding the factors that contribute to obesity is of clinical importance, given the increasing prevalence of obesity, and the h ...
... areas where the palatability of oral fat is represented, how different satiety signals affect this representation, and how these processes may differ in obese humans. Understanding the factors that contribute to obesity is of clinical importance, given the increasing prevalence of obesity, and the h ...
Introduction
... First, some strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria may survive in passage through the acidic stomach, particularly when they are ingested together with milk or other foods. The live probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria may alter the gut bacterial content and colonization. Second, these prob ...
... First, some strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria may survive in passage through the acidic stomach, particularly when they are ingested together with milk or other foods. The live probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria may alter the gut bacterial content and colonization. Second, these prob ...
Hunger Modulates the Responses to Gustatory Stimuli
... ate it to satiety during the course of which his behaviour turned from avid acceptance to active rejection. 3. This modulation of responsiveness of the gustatory responses of the neurons to satiety was not due to peripheral adaptation in the gustatory system or to altered efficacy of gustatory stimu ...
... ate it to satiety during the course of which his behaviour turned from avid acceptance to active rejection. 3. This modulation of responsiveness of the gustatory responses of the neurons to satiety was not due to peripheral adaptation in the gustatory system or to altered efficacy of gustatory stimu ...
A Beginner`s Guide to the Mathematics of Neural Networks
... Finally, it will be clear that, due to their complex structure, the large numbers of elements involved, and their dynamic nature, neural network models exhibit a highly non-trivial and rich behaviour. This is why also theoretical physicists and mathematicians have become involved, challenged as they ...
... Finally, it will be clear that, due to their complex structure, the large numbers of elements involved, and their dynamic nature, neural network models exhibit a highly non-trivial and rich behaviour. This is why also theoretical physicists and mathematicians have become involved, challenged as they ...
CBS2005_AMJ - Center for Biological Sequence Analysis
... Focus solely on treatment of diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) •depression •Psychoses •Migraine •Alzheimer •Sleep disorders 5000 people worldwide – app 800 in R & D ...
... Focus solely on treatment of diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) •depression •Psychoses •Migraine •Alzheimer •Sleep disorders 5000 people worldwide – app 800 in R & D ...
Novel approaches to explore mechanisms of
... Epilepsy comprises a family of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures, which can be highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmac ...
... Epilepsy comprises a family of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures, which can be highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmac ...
Neural Responses to Facial Expression and Face Identity in the
... MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, MA). Only trials in which the monkey maintained its gaze within the boundary of the stimulus images for the required time were included in the analysis. For each image presentation, two time intervals were considered: a baseline interval, 1 s immediately before the ons ...
... MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, MA). Only trials in which the monkey maintained its gaze within the boundary of the stimulus images for the required time were included in the analysis. For each image presentation, two time intervals were considered: a baseline interval, 1 s immediately before the ons ...
The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement
... with the ERN is consistent with what would be expected of an executive control system concerned with response monitoring. The frontal– central scalp distribution of the ERN and its putative generation within the anterior cingulate cortex also point to an association between the ERN process and execu ...
... with the ERN is consistent with what would be expected of an executive control system concerned with response monitoring. The frontal– central scalp distribution of the ERN and its putative generation within the anterior cingulate cortex also point to an association between the ERN process and execu ...
Automated extraction of mutation data from the literature: application
... heterogeneous data from across a variety of electronic and literature sources in order to draw new inferences about the target protein families. Results: We present a computational method that identifies and extracts mutation data from the scientific literature. We focused on the extraction of singl ...
... heterogeneous data from across a variety of electronic and literature sources in order to draw new inferences about the target protein families. Results: We present a computational method that identifies and extracts mutation data from the scientific literature. We focused on the extraction of singl ...
Molecules and mechanisms of dendrite development in Drosophila
... seek to understand the developmental origin of arbor shape and to shed light on the significance of particular morphologies for nervous system connectivity and function. Dendrite morphogenesis consists of a series of interrelated steps, which include outgrowth and branching, guidance and targeting, ...
... seek to understand the developmental origin of arbor shape and to shed light on the significance of particular morphologies for nervous system connectivity and function. Dendrite morphogenesis consists of a series of interrelated steps, which include outgrowth and branching, guidance and targeting, ...
Auditory Nerve Stochasticity Impedes Category Learning: the Role
... Fig 1. Schematic representation of the full AN-CN-IC-A1 (A), the reduced AN-A1 (B) and the simple four-stage (C) models of the auditory brain. Blue circles represent excitatory (E) and red circles represent inhibitory (I) neurons. The connectivity within each stage of the models is demonstrated usin ...
... Fig 1. Schematic representation of the full AN-CN-IC-A1 (A), the reduced AN-A1 (B) and the simple four-stage (C) models of the auditory brain. Blue circles represent excitatory (E) and red circles represent inhibitory (I) neurons. The connectivity within each stage of the models is demonstrated usin ...
Reward-Related Neuronal Activity During Go - Research
... et al. 1992). Heavy inputs arise also from medial temporal cortex structures whose roles in reward processes are less known (Barbas 1988, 1993; Carmichael and Price 1995; Seltzer and Pandya 1989; Ungerleider et al. 1989). Neurophysiological investigations of orbitofrontal cortex addressed mnemonic f ...
... et al. 1992). Heavy inputs arise also from medial temporal cortex structures whose roles in reward processes are less known (Barbas 1988, 1993; Carmichael and Price 1995; Seltzer and Pandya 1989; Ungerleider et al. 1989). Neurophysiological investigations of orbitofrontal cortex addressed mnemonic f ...
Pituitary hormones_E
... Hormones (from Greek hormaein – to set in motion) are chemical substances of intense biological activity. They are secreted by specific endocrine glands and are transported in the bloodstream to act on their distant target organs. Hormones regulate body functions and maintain homeostasis in the fac ...
... Hormones (from Greek hormaein – to set in motion) are chemical substances of intense biological activity. They are secreted by specific endocrine glands and are transported in the bloodstream to act on their distant target organs. Hormones regulate body functions and maintain homeostasis in the fac ...
Spinal Pain Experienced as a Visceral Referral
... was demonstrated that by anaesthetizing the inflamed nerve root at the same level of the disc herniation (i.e. the one causing the sciatica), the patient felt relief of the radiating leg pain, but no relief of the low back pain. They concluded from this that the low back pain signals were not travel ...
... was demonstrated that by anaesthetizing the inflamed nerve root at the same level of the disc herniation (i.e. the one causing the sciatica), the patient felt relief of the radiating leg pain, but no relief of the low back pain. They concluded from this that the low back pain signals were not travel ...
Spinal Cord
... the best choices because the extensive vertebral column injuries are not consistent with the typical presentation of any of these entities. ...
... the best choices because the extensive vertebral column injuries are not consistent with the typical presentation of any of these entities. ...
CNS*2004 July 18-22, 2004 Baltimore, Maryland
... Location: The meeting will be held in the Calvert Ballrom of the Radisson Hotel in Baltimre’s Inner Harbor from Sunday, July 18th to Tuesday, July 20th. Workshops will take place in the hotel as well in smaller meeting rooms equipped with audio visual equipment from Thursday, July 22nd to Friday Jul ...
... Location: The meeting will be held in the Calvert Ballrom of the Radisson Hotel in Baltimre’s Inner Harbor from Sunday, July 18th to Tuesday, July 20th. Workshops will take place in the hotel as well in smaller meeting rooms equipped with audio visual equipment from Thursday, July 22nd to Friday Jul ...
Mechanisms of memory storage in a model perirhinal network
... input cells distributed along the rostrocaudal extent of the perirhinal network. Each neocortical input formed unique connections with perirhinal neurons and could be activated independently. Note that these ‘‘input cells’’ are in fact just spike trains used for synaptic drive. To constrain the dist ...
... input cells distributed along the rostrocaudal extent of the perirhinal network. Each neocortical input formed unique connections with perirhinal neurons and could be activated independently. Note that these ‘‘input cells’’ are in fact just spike trains used for synaptic drive. To constrain the dist ...
State-Dependent TMS Reveals a Hierarchical
... that action understanding takes place in the ventral part of the dorsal stream (Rizzolatti and Matelli 2003), others claim that actions are fully recognized and categorized outside the motor system, in the ventral stream (Mahon and Caramazza 2008). In order to further investigate the relative contri ...
... that action understanding takes place in the ventral part of the dorsal stream (Rizzolatti and Matelli 2003), others claim that actions are fully recognized and categorized outside the motor system, in the ventral stream (Mahon and Caramazza 2008). In order to further investigate the relative contri ...
Neurulation I (Pevny)
... Neural plate is firmly anchored to adjacent tissues at hinge points (to the notochord for MHP an Epidermal ectoderm for the DLHP. 2. Neuroepithelial cell wedging within the hinge-points generates furrowing. 3. Forces for folding are generated lateral to the hinge points by the expanding epidermal ec ...
... Neural plate is firmly anchored to adjacent tissues at hinge points (to the notochord for MHP an Epidermal ectoderm for the DLHP. 2. Neuroepithelial cell wedging within the hinge-points generates furrowing. 3. Forces for folding are generated lateral to the hinge points by the expanding epidermal ec ...
Clustered Organization of Neurons with Similar Extra
... To determine the ERF properties of cells in the primary visual cortex of the cat, we used visual stimuli of sinusoidal gratings that drift at the optimal spatiotemporal frequency for the neuron. We first located the center of the CRF by moving rectangular grating patches along the axes perpendicular ...
... To determine the ERF properties of cells in the primary visual cortex of the cat, we used visual stimuli of sinusoidal gratings that drift at the optimal spatiotemporal frequency for the neuron. We first located the center of the CRF by moving rectangular grating patches along the axes perpendicular ...
pDsRed-Monomer-C1 Vector Information
... Amino acid substitutions (DsRed→DsRed-Monomer) GCC→GAC (Ala-2 to Asp) mutation: 616–618 TCC→AAC (Ser-3 to Asn) mutation: 619–621 TCC→ACC (Ser-4 to Thr) mutation: 622–624 AAG→GAG (Lys-5 to Glu) mutation: 625–627 AAC→GAC (Asn-6 to Asp) mutation: 628–630 CGC→CAG (Arg-13 to Gln) mut ...
... Amino acid substitutions (DsRed→DsRed-Monomer) GCC→GAC (Ala-2 to Asp) mutation: 616–618 TCC→AAC (Ser-3 to Asn) mutation: 619–621 TCC→ACC (Ser-4 to Thr) mutation: 622–624 AAG→GAG (Lys-5 to Glu) mutation: 625–627 AAC→GAC (Asn-6 to Asp) mutation: 628–630 CGC→CAG (Arg-13 to Gln) mut ...
video slide - Buena Park High School
... • Through summation – An IPSP can counter the effect of an EPSP ...
... • Through summation – An IPSP can counter the effect of an EPSP ...
Computational themes of peripheral processing
... from steady-state responses that describe encoding of slow amplitude modulations (Fig. 2b). Fast and slow stimulus components are separated by the adaptation time constant. Shape and position of the onset response curve depend on the state of adaptation (Fig. 2d, e). Steady state curves can be probe ...
... from steady-state responses that describe encoding of slow amplitude modulations (Fig. 2b). Fast and slow stimulus components are separated by the adaptation time constant. Shape and position of the onset response curve depend on the state of adaptation (Fig. 2d, e). Steady state curves can be probe ...
Learning in the oculomotor system: from molecules to behavior
... afferent and efferent projections of the flocculus and ventral paraflocculus, which raise the possibility that the two structures may make somewhat different contributions to the VOR [27,28•,29•]. To understand VOR adaptation, it will be important to specify more precisely which synapses in the vest ...
... afferent and efferent projections of the flocculus and ventral paraflocculus, which raise the possibility that the two structures may make somewhat different contributions to the VOR [27,28•,29•]. To understand VOR adaptation, it will be important to specify more precisely which synapses in the vest ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.