Learning in the oculomotor system: from molecules to behavior
... afferent and efferent projections of the flocculus and ventral paraflocculus, which raise the possibility that the two structures may make somewhat different contributions to the VOR [27,28•,29•]. To understand VOR adaptation, it will be important to specify more precisely which synapses in the vest ...
... afferent and efferent projections of the flocculus and ventral paraflocculus, which raise the possibility that the two structures may make somewhat different contributions to the VOR [27,28•,29•]. To understand VOR adaptation, it will be important to specify more precisely which synapses in the vest ...
Differential GABAB Receptor Modulation of Ethanol Effects on
... GABAA IPSCs) but much smaller increases by distally evoked GABAA IPSCs (distal GABAA IPSCs; Fig. 1, B and C), exhibiting time and ethanol concentration dependence (Fig. 1, D and E, respectively). A partial dose-response relationship for ethanol indicates that both proximal and distal GABAA IPSCs wer ...
... GABAA IPSCs) but much smaller increases by distally evoked GABAA IPSCs (distal GABAA IPSCs; Fig. 1, B and C), exhibiting time and ethanol concentration dependence (Fig. 1, D and E, respectively). A partial dose-response relationship for ethanol indicates that both proximal and distal GABAA IPSCs wer ...
Sten Grillner
... at this university. I very much enjoyed working with both of these colleagues, and together we carried out a series of studies on the fast conducting vestibuloand reticulospinal pathways, which we found to have direct monosynaptic connections to extensor and flexor motoneurons, respectively. These s ...
... at this university. I very much enjoyed working with both of these colleagues, and together we carried out a series of studies on the fast conducting vestibuloand reticulospinal pathways, which we found to have direct monosynaptic connections to extensor and flexor motoneurons, respectively. These s ...
View/Open
... dendrite comes from the periphery carrying sensory impulses, and the axon comes out of the cell going into the dorsal horn gray to make synaptic connections for simple reflexes or impulses to ...
... dendrite comes from the periphery carrying sensory impulses, and the axon comes out of the cell going into the dorsal horn gray to make synaptic connections for simple reflexes or impulses to ...
Hypothalamus & Pituitary
... • Is influenced by emotions • Can be influenced by the metabolic state of the individual • Delivered to the anterior pituitary via the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system • Usually initiates a three-hormone sequence ...
... • Is influenced by emotions • Can be influenced by the metabolic state of the individual • Delivered to the anterior pituitary via the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system • Usually initiates a three-hormone sequence ...
PDF
... nucleus via dorsal column, the dorsolateral pathway, or other pathways (blue line). Other dorsal horn neurons send axons to the contralateral spinal cord and form the spinothalamic pathway (green line). Cutting (scissors) the dorsal column pathway at a C4–C5 level deactivates the cuneate nucleus by ...
... nucleus via dorsal column, the dorsolateral pathway, or other pathways (blue line). Other dorsal horn neurons send axons to the contralateral spinal cord and form the spinothalamic pathway (green line). Cutting (scissors) the dorsal column pathway at a C4–C5 level deactivates the cuneate nucleus by ...
Chapter 2 - Monsignor Farrell High School
... – excitatory synapse: neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to fire – inhibitory synapse: neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to stop firing ...
... – excitatory synapse: neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to fire – inhibitory synapse: neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to stop firing ...
A Functional Role for Intra-Axonal Protein Synthesis during Axonal
... protein synthesis has been shown to occur in axons of invertebrate and developing vertebrate neurons, it is unclear whether it occurs in axons of adult vertebrates. Even in neurons that are capable of intra-axonal protein synthesis, the biological relevance of this mechanism has remained unknown. Ve ...
... protein synthesis has been shown to occur in axons of invertebrate and developing vertebrate neurons, it is unclear whether it occurs in axons of adult vertebrates. Even in neurons that are capable of intra-axonal protein synthesis, the biological relevance of this mechanism has remained unknown. Ve ...
Beta-lactam antibiotics
... •Methoxy groups block access to b-lactamases but not to transpeptidases •Binds less readily to transpeptidases compared to penicillin G •Lower activity compared to Pen G against Pen G sensitive bacteria •Poor activity vs. some streptococci •Inactive vs. Gram -ve bacteria •Poor range of activity •Act ...
... •Methoxy groups block access to b-lactamases but not to transpeptidases •Binds less readily to transpeptidases compared to penicillin G •Lower activity compared to Pen G against Pen G sensitive bacteria •Poor activity vs. some streptococci •Inactive vs. Gram -ve bacteria •Poor range of activity •Act ...
Substrate specificity of the periplasmic dipeptide
... It has been recognized for some time that the unusually broad substrate specificities of peptide transporters make them particularly attractive targets to exploit for delivery of therapeutic agents. The utility of this approach has been endorsed by the finding that a range of such compounds occur na ...
... It has been recognized for some time that the unusually broad substrate specificities of peptide transporters make them particularly attractive targets to exploit for delivery of therapeutic agents. The utility of this approach has been endorsed by the finding that a range of such compounds occur na ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... testing (see below) responded as soon as the object was shown to the animal (count period 4). Neurons which did not respond in count period 4, but did respond as the object approached the mouth in the latter part of count period 5 and during count period 6, could have activity that was related to be ...
... testing (see below) responded as soon as the object was shown to the animal (count period 4). Neurons which did not respond in count period 4, but did respond as the object approached the mouth in the latter part of count period 5 and during count period 6, could have activity that was related to be ...
Timing in reward and decision processes
... larger later rewards. Temporal discounting has been demonstrated in humans and animals in many psychological and behavioural economics studies [1,3– 5,11,12], although the debate is still raging between hyperbolic, exponential and combined models. Related to value discounting, behavioural conditioni ...
... larger later rewards. Temporal discounting has been demonstrated in humans and animals in many psychological and behavioural economics studies [1,3– 5,11,12], although the debate is still raging between hyperbolic, exponential and combined models. Related to value discounting, behavioural conditioni ...
E147-E155 - Pain Physician
... The pathogenesis of chronic inguinal pain following surgery is not completely understood. It may be somatic, visceral, and neuropathic. Injuries to the ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, and genitofemoral nerves are well recognized causes of chronic postoperative neuropathic inguinal pain (18,19). The c ...
... The pathogenesis of chronic inguinal pain following surgery is not completely understood. It may be somatic, visceral, and neuropathic. Injuries to the ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, and genitofemoral nerves are well recognized causes of chronic postoperative neuropathic inguinal pain (18,19). The c ...
Central Topography of Cranial Motor Nuclei Controlled by
... features of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) organization [1]. Nuclei are clusters of soma of functionally related neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circuit assembly. However, little is known of either the cellu ...
... features of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) organization [1]. Nuclei are clusters of soma of functionally related neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circuit assembly. However, little is known of either the cellu ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... where the columns of the matrix X contain the covariates, which include indicator variables for reinforcement, concentrations of each tastant, bin number, trial number, tastant delivery number within each trial, and possibly their interactions. The parameter vector % is the relative contribution of ...
... where the columns of the matrix X contain the covariates, which include indicator variables for reinforcement, concentrations of each tastant, bin number, trial number, tastant delivery number within each trial, and possibly their interactions. The parameter vector % is the relative contribution of ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... where the columns of the matrix X contain the covariates, which include indicator variables for reinforcement, concentrations of each tastant, bin number, trial number, tastant delivery number within each trial, and possibly their interactions. The parameter vector  is the relative contribution of ...
... where the columns of the matrix X contain the covariates, which include indicator variables for reinforcement, concentrations of each tastant, bin number, trial number, tastant delivery number within each trial, and possibly their interactions. The parameter vector  is the relative contribution of ...
The representation of Kanizsa illusory contours in the monkey
... removed the colour (Tompa et al., 2005), shading, texture, internal contours, and all the contours, leaving only the luminance-defined silhouette of the stimuli (Kovacs et al., 2003). In the present study we removed the whole stimulus, representing it with physically nonexistent illusory contours, de ...
... removed the colour (Tompa et al., 2005), shading, texture, internal contours, and all the contours, leaving only the luminance-defined silhouette of the stimuli (Kovacs et al., 2003). In the present study we removed the whole stimulus, representing it with physically nonexistent illusory contours, de ...
Neuronal Clusters in the Primate Motor Cortex during Interception of
... (Figure 5, top). Activity of these two clusters diverged, however, near the movement onset. While activity of Cluster 4 began to decline near the movement onset, activity of Cluster 1 continued throughout the movement, decreasing with a time course more similar to that of the hand velocity. Activity ...
... (Figure 5, top). Activity of these two clusters diverged, however, near the movement onset. While activity of Cluster 4 began to decline near the movement onset, activity of Cluster 1 continued throughout the movement, decreasing with a time course more similar to that of the hand velocity. Activity ...
Peroxisomes: family of versatile organelles
... kidney and intestine of rodents (mice, rats), and, in less extent, in humans. Proliferation of peroxisomes leads to activation of peroxisomal beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids in the liver for more than 10 times (rodents). ...
... kidney and intestine of rodents (mice, rats), and, in less extent, in humans. Proliferation of peroxisomes leads to activation of peroxisomal beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids in the liver for more than 10 times (rodents). ...
Протокол
... The cerebellum is located beneath the brain and overlies the dorsal aspect of the pons and medulla. It contains several functionally independent lobes covered by transversely oriented folia. The primary function of the cerebellum is to detect and correct errors in movement. Errors are detected by c ...
... The cerebellum is located beneath the brain and overlies the dorsal aspect of the pons and medulla. It contains several functionally independent lobes covered by transversely oriented folia. The primary function of the cerebellum is to detect and correct errors in movement. Errors are detected by c ...
The relationship between irritable bowel syndrome to clinical manifestations
... been reported in IBS patients [12-14]. Indeed, peripheral administration of CRH improved colonic function and visceral perception in response to gut stimulation in IBS patients [13]. In addition, previous studies showed that the IBS is associated with significantly lower vagal tone and increased sym ...
... been reported in IBS patients [12-14]. Indeed, peripheral administration of CRH improved colonic function and visceral perception in response to gut stimulation in IBS patients [13]. In addition, previous studies showed that the IBS is associated with significantly lower vagal tone and increased sym ...
Olfaction in Invertebrates: Manduca. In: Squire LR (ed). Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, vol 7, pp 49-57. Oxford: Academic Press.
... olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) on each antenna project their axons to the antennal lobes (ALs), which are subdivided into approximately 160 identified glomeruli. Most of the ORNs are in groups of 25–20 in pore plates (sensilla placodea). The number and distribution of receptor molecules are unkno ...
... olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) on each antenna project their axons to the antennal lobes (ALs), which are subdivided into approximately 160 identified glomeruli. Most of the ORNs are in groups of 25–20 in pore plates (sensilla placodea). The number and distribution of receptor molecules are unkno ...
Sensorimotor cortical influences on cuneate nucleus
... It has recently been demonstrated that the existence of low-frequency rhythmic activity (mostly slow, <1 Hz, and δ, 1–4 Hz) in the cuneate nucleus is tightly coupled to the same oscillating patterns of VPL neurons.28 It was also shown that the cuneate neurons display tonic and bursting activity whi ...
... It has recently been demonstrated that the existence of low-frequency rhythmic activity (mostly slow, <1 Hz, and δ, 1–4 Hz) in the cuneate nucleus is tightly coupled to the same oscillating patterns of VPL neurons.28 It was also shown that the cuneate neurons display tonic and bursting activity whi ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.