Branched thalamic afferents - the Sherman Lab
... The implied value of an efference copy is that it provides information of body movements, information needed to distinguish actual changes in the environment from those that are self-induced. One advantage of efference copy over proprioceptive feedback of bodily movements is that its signal is earli ...
... The implied value of an efference copy is that it provides information of body movements, information needed to distinguish actual changes in the environment from those that are self-induced. One advantage of efference copy over proprioceptive feedback of bodily movements is that its signal is earli ...
Chapter 3 Physiology of Adrenal Steroids Regulation of Aldosterone
... (CBG), which binds about 80% of the cortisol in serum; the remaining 15% of bound cortisol is associated with serum albumin, a ubiquitous serum protein that binds many hydrophobic molecules. Aldosterone has a low affinity for CBG and therefore much less is bound in circulation. The free steroid is t ...
... (CBG), which binds about 80% of the cortisol in serum; the remaining 15% of bound cortisol is associated with serum albumin, a ubiquitous serum protein that binds many hydrophobic molecules. Aldosterone has a low affinity for CBG and therefore much less is bound in circulation. The free steroid is t ...
Determination of Pyruvate Oxidation Rate and Citric Acid Cycle
... defects can be established in liver, kidney, or muscle biopsy materials, these studies are rather limited. Frequently only fibroblasts are available for enzyme assays. Because leukocytes can easily be obtained, they are also an important source for the study of enzyme activity. We have preferred to ...
... defects can be established in liver, kidney, or muscle biopsy materials, these studies are rather limited. Frequently only fibroblasts are available for enzyme assays. Because leukocytes can easily be obtained, they are also an important source for the study of enzyme activity. We have preferred to ...
Changing the Language of Addiction.
... recovery, ASAM suggests that the document be more explicit. While phrases such as “person with alcohol use disorder” or “person with opioid addiction” are preferred for their neutral rather than pejorative tone, they can suggest that the individual may not have a chronic brain disease ...
... recovery, ASAM suggests that the document be more explicit. While phrases such as “person with alcohol use disorder” or “person with opioid addiction” are preferred for their neutral rather than pejorative tone, they can suggest that the individual may not have a chronic brain disease ...
lmmunocytochemical Localization of Protein Kinase C lsozymes in
... Indirect immunojluorescent staining. Frozen brains of adult SpragueDawley rats previously perfused with cold 4% paraformaldehyde in 120 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, were used. Serial brain sections (12 pm thick) at various levels were used for the staining. Sections were warmed to room temperature a ...
... Indirect immunojluorescent staining. Frozen brains of adult SpragueDawley rats previously perfused with cold 4% paraformaldehyde in 120 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, were used. Serial brain sections (12 pm thick) at various levels were used for the staining. Sections were warmed to room temperature a ...
Neurology and Trauma: Impact and Implications
... stabilize stressful events in long-term memory, thus stressful situations are often remembered over other events. These responses may have survival value if the person is faced with the same or similar stressor in the future. Cortisol also works to modify or reduce the sympathetic system activity (s ...
... stabilize stressful events in long-term memory, thus stressful situations are often remembered over other events. These responses may have survival value if the person is faced with the same or similar stressor in the future. Cortisol also works to modify or reduce the sympathetic system activity (s ...
the spinal cord and spinal nerves
... would not sound so amazing, if not for the fact that this is happening at millions of places in the body at once. Nervous tissue monitors every body activity, including breathing, digestion and the beating of your heart. You do not even need to actively think about these things since they are done f ...
... would not sound so amazing, if not for the fact that this is happening at millions of places in the body at once. Nervous tissue monitors every body activity, including breathing, digestion and the beating of your heart. You do not even need to actively think about these things since they are done f ...
Dokument_1
... (4, 25). Electrical stimulation of the POM and median preoptic nucleus (POMn) produces a pattern of hemodynamic changes identical to the stress-evoked defense response including hindquarter vasodilation and renosplanchnic vasoconstriction (2, 8, 28, 30). Whether these responses are due solely to act ...
... (4, 25). Electrical stimulation of the POM and median preoptic nucleus (POMn) produces a pattern of hemodynamic changes identical to the stress-evoked defense response including hindquarter vasodilation and renosplanchnic vasoconstriction (2, 8, 28, 30). Whether these responses are due solely to act ...
Neurofilament and Calcium-Binding Proteins in the
... 1995a). In particular, gradients of in the density of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons has been reported in the visual cortex of the macaque monkey, where the primary visual areas show much lower densities compared to visual association areas located in the parietal and temporal cortex (Kondo et al. ...
... 1995a). In particular, gradients of in the density of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons has been reported in the visual cortex of the macaque monkey, where the primary visual areas show much lower densities compared to visual association areas located in the parietal and temporal cortex (Kondo et al. ...
This is the accepted version of the following article:
... Tau proteins belong to the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) family operating in vivo as a significant regulatory element for microtubule assembly in cells by inducing the tubule formation [1]. In adult human brain, there are six major isoforms of tau generated by alternative mRNA splicing, whi ...
... Tau proteins belong to the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) family operating in vivo as a significant regulatory element for microtubule assembly in cells by inducing the tubule formation [1]. In adult human brain, there are six major isoforms of tau generated by alternative mRNA splicing, whi ...
BMC Neuroscience Serial pathways from primate prefrontal cortex to autonomic areas
... We then used a different approach to obtain an overview of the origin and relative strength of serial pathways leading from the prefrontal cortex to the hypothalamus, and from the hypothalamus to autonomic regions in the brainstem, in addition to the spinal autonomic center, demonstrated above. We a ...
... We then used a different approach to obtain an overview of the origin and relative strength of serial pathways leading from the prefrontal cortex to the hypothalamus, and from the hypothalamus to autonomic regions in the brainstem, in addition to the spinal autonomic center, demonstrated above. We a ...
themes - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
... the stomach, 96% in the duodenum, 40% in the jejunum, 66% in cecum, 16% in the descending colon, and 0% in the rectum (Fig. 2) (2). Vagal efferents to gastrointestinal smooth muscles provide parallel inhibitory and excitatory stimuli. For a long time in the past, it was thought that the vagus nerve ...
... the stomach, 96% in the duodenum, 40% in the jejunum, 66% in cecum, 16% in the descending colon, and 0% in the rectum (Fig. 2) (2). Vagal efferents to gastrointestinal smooth muscles provide parallel inhibitory and excitatory stimuli. For a long time in the past, it was thought that the vagus nerve ...
Molecular and functional analysis of Drosophila single
... glial transcription (Wharton et al., 1994). During larval development, sim continues to be expressed in the midline cells of the ventral nerve cord and is also expressed in the brain, in both the central brain region and the lamina and medulla of the optic lobes (Pielage et al., 2002). The role of s ...
... glial transcription (Wharton et al., 1994). During larval development, sim continues to be expressed in the midline cells of the ventral nerve cord and is also expressed in the brain, in both the central brain region and the lamina and medulla of the optic lobes (Pielage et al., 2002). The role of s ...
Different levels of Ih determine distinct temporal integration in
... the two classes of neurons is not responsible for the distinct firing patterns, as neither pharmacological blockade of I h nor enhancement of I h using a dynamic clamp affects the qualitative firing patterns. Instead, the difference in I h between bursting and regular-spiking neurons determines the ...
... the two classes of neurons is not responsible for the distinct firing patterns, as neither pharmacological blockade of I h nor enhancement of I h using a dynamic clamp affects the qualitative firing patterns. Instead, the difference in I h between bursting and regular-spiking neurons determines the ...
nato cc
... the following analysis is focused on forebrain volume (FBV). When relating midsagittal CC size to FBV one has to consider that CC size is measured as an area (mm2) and FBV as a volume (mm3). In addition, CC area is part of the FBV and, thus, contributes to FBV. As a first approach in relating CC siz ...
... the following analysis is focused on forebrain volume (FBV). When relating midsagittal CC size to FBV one has to consider that CC size is measured as an area (mm2) and FBV as a volume (mm3). In addition, CC area is part of the FBV and, thus, contributes to FBV. As a first approach in relating CC siz ...
Microstructure of the neocortex: Comparative aspects
... extrinsic afferent systems and spiny cells (which include other pyramidal cells and spiny stellate cells). Inhibitory inputs (symmetrical synapses), which mostly originate from GABAergic interneurons, terminate on the dendrites, soma and axon initial segment. These interneurons are interconnected be ...
... extrinsic afferent systems and spiny cells (which include other pyramidal cells and spiny stellate cells). Inhibitory inputs (symmetrical synapses), which mostly originate from GABAergic interneurons, terminate on the dendrites, soma and axon initial segment. These interneurons are interconnected be ...
Basic Mechanisms Underlying Seizures and Epilepsy
... • Three subtypes – AMPA, kainate, NMDA • Glutamate-gated cation channels ...
... • Three subtypes – AMPA, kainate, NMDA • Glutamate-gated cation channels ...
Table of Contents
... In these cases, opening chloride channels caused an efflux of this anion, creating an inward current, and depolarizing the membrane. Nevertheless, this depolarization still inhibits muscle contraction because the increase in chloride conductance creates a 'current shunt' for excitatory currents (Kuf ...
... In these cases, opening chloride channels caused an efflux of this anion, creating an inward current, and depolarizing the membrane. Nevertheless, this depolarization still inhibits muscle contraction because the increase in chloride conductance creates a 'current shunt' for excitatory currents (Kuf ...
DEPARTAMENT DE FARMACOLOGIA, DE TERAPÈUTICA I DE TOXICOLOGIA
... BACKGROUND ................................................................................15 ...
... BACKGROUND ................................................................................15 ...
Hippocampus, 22, 1703-1719
... of several different multitrial tasks. In the earliest example, decreases in peak AHP amplitude of rabbit CA1 pyramidal neurons from trained animals after delay eyeblink conditioning (EBC) were reported (Disterhoft et al., 1986). After trace EBC, a hippocampal-dependent task requiring hundreds of tr ...
... of several different multitrial tasks. In the earliest example, decreases in peak AHP amplitude of rabbit CA1 pyramidal neurons from trained animals after delay eyeblink conditioning (EBC) were reported (Disterhoft et al., 1986). After trace EBC, a hippocampal-dependent task requiring hundreds of tr ...
Duration Sensitivity to Other Response Properties of the Rat
... The majority of these (76%) were long-pass neurons that responded to sounds exceeding some duration threshold (range: 5– 60 ms). Bandpass neurons, which only responded to a restricted range of durations, made up 13% of duration-sensitive neurons (best durations: 15–120 ms). Other units displayed sho ...
... The majority of these (76%) were long-pass neurons that responded to sounds exceeding some duration threshold (range: 5– 60 ms). Bandpass neurons, which only responded to a restricted range of durations, made up 13% of duration-sensitive neurons (best durations: 15–120 ms). Other units displayed sho ...
Synaptic inhibition is caused by:
... An example of how an afterdischarge type of neuronal pool is utilized: a. short term memory b. cause a series of successive impulses to produce muscle tetanization c. a timing circuit, such as in determining the duration of breathing movements d. to produce spatial summation of a post-synaptic site ...
... An example of how an afterdischarge type of neuronal pool is utilized: a. short term memory b. cause a series of successive impulses to produce muscle tetanization c. a timing circuit, such as in determining the duration of breathing movements d. to produce spatial summation of a post-synaptic site ...
Experimentally cross-wired lingual taste nerves can restore normal
... Oakley (36) was the first to address this question in a fascinating and innovative set of experiments using rats. He transected the chorda tympani nerve (CT), which normally innervates the anterior tongue (AT) taste buds, and formed a cross-anastomosis with the transected glossopharyngeal nerve (GL) ...
... Oakley (36) was the first to address this question in a fascinating and innovative set of experiments using rats. He transected the chorda tympani nerve (CT), which normally innervates the anterior tongue (AT) taste buds, and formed a cross-anastomosis with the transected glossopharyngeal nerve (GL) ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.