Circuits of emotion in the primate brain
... 1988), reduces pain threshold (Redgrave et al., 1996), and causes desynchronization of the cortical electroencephalogram (EEG), which is the cortical signature of heightened attention and vigilance. These autonomic responses might be produced via the bidirectional connections of the SC with the PAG, ...
... 1988), reduces pain threshold (Redgrave et al., 1996), and causes desynchronization of the cortical electroencephalogram (EEG), which is the cortical signature of heightened attention and vigilance. These autonomic responses might be produced via the bidirectional connections of the SC with the PAG, ...
Contributions of Retinal Ganglion Cells to
... and cones synapse onto their postsynaptic partners, bipolar and horizontal cells. The details of the photoreceptor-to-target-cell communication are presented schematically in Figure 1 and are described in detail elsewhere (Demb & Singer 2015). For purposes of this review, it suffices to say that the ...
... and cones synapse onto their postsynaptic partners, bipolar and horizontal cells. The details of the photoreceptor-to-target-cell communication are presented schematically in Figure 1 and are described in detail elsewhere (Demb & Singer 2015). For purposes of this review, it suffices to say that the ...
Retrograde Signaling in the Development and Modification of
... traditional role as survival and differentiation factors, recent studies have shown acute modulatory effects of neurotrophins on axonal branching and arborization, ion channel function, and synaptic efficacy (24, 223). Furthermore, the expression and secretion of neurotrophins are regulated by elect ...
... traditional role as survival and differentiation factors, recent studies have shown acute modulatory effects of neurotrophins on axonal branching and arborization, ion channel function, and synaptic efficacy (24, 223). Furthermore, the expression and secretion of neurotrophins are regulated by elect ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Coding of Object Location in
... (Szwed et al. 2003; Yu et al. 2006). Dashed arcs represent collections of pathways and neuronal stations not relevant for this study (see Kleinfeld et al. 2006; Ahissar and Knutsen 2008). Two optional ways to open the motor-sensory loop are depicted. 1) Opening that preserves active touch (Black). T ...
... (Szwed et al. 2003; Yu et al. 2006). Dashed arcs represent collections of pathways and neuronal stations not relevant for this study (see Kleinfeld et al. 2006; Ahissar and Knutsen 2008). Two optional ways to open the motor-sensory loop are depicted. 1) Opening that preserves active touch (Black). T ...
Distinct Representations and Theta Dynamics in Dorsal and Ventral
... Illustrative examples are shown on the right. Note that most dCA3 pyramidal cells are active in only one arm (diagonal) and also show an increase of firing at the same place fields in the opposite direction of travel (faint diagonal indicated by black arrows). B, Similar display for vCA3 neurons. No ...
... Illustrative examples are shown on the right. Note that most dCA3 pyramidal cells are active in only one arm (diagonal) and also show an increase of firing at the same place fields in the opposite direction of travel (faint diagonal indicated by black arrows). B, Similar display for vCA3 neurons. No ...
Physiological patterns in the hippocampo
... wave/ripple dynamics allow large ensembles of hippocampal neurons to “readdress” and alter the synaptic connectivity of neocortical circuits (Chrobak and Buzsáki, 1998b). Thus, the sharp wave/ ripple pattern may support an off-line memory consolidation process. Several findings seem to support this ...
... wave/ripple dynamics allow large ensembles of hippocampal neurons to “readdress” and alter the synaptic connectivity of neocortical circuits (Chrobak and Buzsáki, 1998b). Thus, the sharp wave/ ripple pattern may support an off-line memory consolidation process. Several findings seem to support this ...
Physiological Patterns in the Hippocampo
... wave/ripple dynamics allow large ensembles of hippocampal neurons to “readdress” and alter the synaptic connectivity of neocortical circuits (Chrobak and Buzsáki, 1998b). Thus, the sharp wave/ ripple pattern may support an off-line memory consolidation process. Several findings seem to support this ...
... wave/ripple dynamics allow large ensembles of hippocampal neurons to “readdress” and alter the synaptic connectivity of neocortical circuits (Chrobak and Buzsáki, 1998b). Thus, the sharp wave/ ripple pattern may support an off-line memory consolidation process. Several findings seem to support this ...
Scene perception: inferior temporal cortex neurons encode the
... Inferior temporal cortex (IT) neurons have reduced receptive field sizes in complex natural scenes. This facilitates the read-out of information about individual objects from IT, but raises the question of whether more than the single object present at the fovea is represented by the firing of IT ne ...
... Inferior temporal cortex (IT) neurons have reduced receptive field sizes in complex natural scenes. This facilitates the read-out of information about individual objects from IT, but raises the question of whether more than the single object present at the fovea is represented by the firing of IT ne ...
neural_networks
... transmitters and neuroactive peptides. Around 10 small-molecule neurotransmitters are known: acetylcholine, 5 amines, and 3 or 4 amino acids (depending on exact definition used), Purines, (Adenosine, ATP, GTP and their derivatives) are neurotransmitters. ...
... transmitters and neuroactive peptides. Around 10 small-molecule neurotransmitters are known: acetylcholine, 5 amines, and 3 or 4 amino acids (depending on exact definition used), Purines, (Adenosine, ATP, GTP and their derivatives) are neurotransmitters. ...
Downloaded - Cisler Lab
... 3014 J. M. Cisler et al. evidence suggested that one mechanism by which TF-CBT enabled PTSD symptom reduction was through the functional reorganization of specific neural circuits involved in emotion regulation, then subsequent research might test whether pharmacological or behavioral adjuncts to TF ...
... 3014 J. M. Cisler et al. evidence suggested that one mechanism by which TF-CBT enabled PTSD symptom reduction was through the functional reorganization of specific neural circuits involved in emotion regulation, then subsequent research might test whether pharmacological or behavioral adjuncts to TF ...
Hyperammonemia in review: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and
... UCD, despite the downregulation of NMDA receptors, there is still a certain degree of cellular toxicity that leads to cell death. Interestingly, prolonged cortical neuron survival has been reported to occur in hyperammonemic animals given the NMDA receptor antagonists MK-801 and 2-amino-5-phosphonov ...
... UCD, despite the downregulation of NMDA receptors, there is still a certain degree of cellular toxicity that leads to cell death. Interestingly, prolonged cortical neuron survival has been reported to occur in hyperammonemic animals given the NMDA receptor antagonists MK-801 and 2-amino-5-phosphonov ...
The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison
... The dendritic morphology of pyramidal cells located at the base of layer III in the primary visual area (V1), the second visual area (V2), the middle temporal area (MT), the ventral portion of the lateral intraparietal area (LIPv) and in the portion of cytoarchitectonic area 7a within the anterior b ...
... The dendritic morphology of pyramidal cells located at the base of layer III in the primary visual area (V1), the second visual area (V2), the middle temporal area (MT), the ventral portion of the lateral intraparietal area (LIPv) and in the portion of cytoarchitectonic area 7a within the anterior b ...
CMBI
... – How do the proteins encoded in genomes interact with each other to produce cells and phenotypes ? – To predict such functional interactions between proteins as there exist e.g. in metabolic pathways, signalling pathways or protein complexes ...
... – How do the proteins encoded in genomes interact with each other to produce cells and phenotypes ? – To predict such functional interactions between proteins as there exist e.g. in metabolic pathways, signalling pathways or protein complexes ...
Article image - Waisman Center - University of Wisconsin
... FOXP2. A two-part study series of a mother and daughter with CAS and a breakpoint in a balanced 7;13 translocation disrupting FOXP2 reported speech profiles consistent with both apraxia and dysarthria [20,25]. Recent neuroimaging studies of affected KE family members have also reported speech and ne ...
... FOXP2. A two-part study series of a mother and daughter with CAS and a breakpoint in a balanced 7;13 translocation disrupting FOXP2 reported speech profiles consistent with both apraxia and dysarthria [20,25]. Recent neuroimaging studies of affected KE family members have also reported speech and ne ...
Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices
... software in order to acquire and process in real-time the eye position along horizontal and vertical axis. This allowed discarding, immediately after their acquisition, all trials in which the monkey moved its gaze out of a 5 3 5-window centered on the target location during the grasping epoch (300 ...
... software in order to acquire and process in real-time the eye position along horizontal and vertical axis. This allowed discarding, immediately after their acquisition, all trials in which the monkey moved its gaze out of a 5 3 5-window centered on the target location during the grasping epoch (300 ...
Glutathione Breakthrough: Advancement in
... GSH plays an important role in antioxidant defense, nutrient metabolism and is key in a vast number of cellular processes including gene expression, DNA and protein synthesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, signal transduction, cytokine production, immune response, and protein glutathionylation. ...
... GSH plays an important role in antioxidant defense, nutrient metabolism and is key in a vast number of cellular processes including gene expression, DNA and protein synthesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, signal transduction, cytokine production, immune response, and protein glutathionylation. ...
Physiology of the Mammalian Circadian System
... individual SCN neurons and to involve a transcriptional– translational feedback loops (s) comprising a number of “clock genes” and their protein products. In addition to photic signals from the retina, the SCN also receives inputs from a number of other sources conveying functional information about ...
... individual SCN neurons and to involve a transcriptional– translational feedback loops (s) comprising a number of “clock genes” and their protein products. In addition to photic signals from the retina, the SCN also receives inputs from a number of other sources conveying functional information about ...
Control and Coordination
... Have you ever had goose bumps form on your arms when you were cold? These bumps form because muscle cells in your skin respond to the cold temperature. As the muscle cells contract, or shorten, bumps form, and the hairs on your arms rise up. The hairs trap air, which helps to insulate the skin. This ...
... Have you ever had goose bumps form on your arms when you were cold? These bumps form because muscle cells in your skin respond to the cold temperature. As the muscle cells contract, or shorten, bumps form, and the hairs on your arms rise up. The hairs trap air, which helps to insulate the skin. This ...
Amino Acid Metabolism 1 Key Concepts
... 3. What are the key enzymes in nitrogen fixation and assimilation in plants and bacteria? Bacterial nitrogenase complex – is the enzyme that uses redox reactions coupled to ATP hydrolysis to convert N2 gas into 2 NH3. The enzyme has two functional components, dinitrogenase reductase that contains th ...
... 3. What are the key enzymes in nitrogen fixation and assimilation in plants and bacteria? Bacterial nitrogenase complex – is the enzyme that uses redox reactions coupled to ATP hydrolysis to convert N2 gas into 2 NH3. The enzyme has two functional components, dinitrogenase reductase that contains th ...
Emotional and Behavioral Correlates of Mediodorsal Thalamic
... have related neuronal activity to the anatomical and functional diversity of the MD (see above). The present study was designed to investigate emotional and motor functions of the MD by recording rat MD neuronal activity during the performance of conditioned associative tasks. The conditioned stimul ...
... have related neuronal activity to the anatomical and functional diversity of the MD (see above). The present study was designed to investigate emotional and motor functions of the MD by recording rat MD neuronal activity during the performance of conditioned associative tasks. The conditioned stimul ...
Spinal Muscular Atrophy - Muscular Dystrophy Association
... which a loss of nerve cells in the spinal cord causes weakness or paralysis of variable severity. Chromosome-5-linked SMA, by far the most common form of the disease, lends itself well to certain therapeutic interventions because of its unusual genetics. In contrast to the situation in many other ge ...
... which a loss of nerve cells in the spinal cord causes weakness or paralysis of variable severity. Chromosome-5-linked SMA, by far the most common form of the disease, lends itself well to certain therapeutic interventions because of its unusual genetics. In contrast to the situation in many other ge ...
Mapping Function Onto Neuronal Morphology
... morphology. J Neurophysiol 98: 513–526, 2007; doi:10.1152/ jn.00865.2007. Neurons have a wide range of dendritic morphologies the functions of which are largely unknown. We used an optimization procedure to find neuronal morphological structures for two computational tasks: first, neuronal morpholog ...
... morphology. J Neurophysiol 98: 513–526, 2007; doi:10.1152/ jn.00865.2007. Neurons have a wide range of dendritic morphologies the functions of which are largely unknown. We used an optimization procedure to find neuronal morphological structures for two computational tasks: first, neuronal morpholog ...
Fine-scale specificity of cortical networks depends on inhibitory cell
... neurons, differential interference contrast (DIC) optics were used to target recordings to one pyramidal neuron and one inhibitory interneuron (Fig. 1a,b). Inhibitory neurons were classified as either fast-spiking or adapting on the basis of their intrinsic firing properties in response to intracell ...
... neurons, differential interference contrast (DIC) optics were used to target recordings to one pyramidal neuron and one inhibitory interneuron (Fig. 1a,b). Inhibitory neurons were classified as either fast-spiking or adapting on the basis of their intrinsic firing properties in response to intracell ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.