Phase synchronization of bursting neurons in clustered small
... If the neurons possess two distinct time scales, such as spiking and bursting, the bursts (slow time scale) tend to synchronize at smaller synaptic strengths [29,30]. We regard two or more neurons to be bursting in a synchronized manner if they start a given burst at nearly the same time, even thoug ...
... If the neurons possess two distinct time scales, such as spiking and bursting, the bursts (slow time scale) tend to synchronize at smaller synaptic strengths [29,30]. We regard two or more neurons to be bursting in a synchronized manner if they start a given burst at nearly the same time, even thoug ...
extracellular and intracellular signaling for neuronal polarity
... the locomotion mode. Several types of junctions, such as gap junctions and N-cadherin-mediated adherens junctions, are thought to be involved in this process (81, 158, 168). Interestingly, recent studies suggest that N-cadherinmediated cell adhesion is important not only for neuronal migration but a ...
... the locomotion mode. Several types of junctions, such as gap junctions and N-cadherin-mediated adherens junctions, are thought to be involved in this process (81, 158, 168). Interestingly, recent studies suggest that N-cadherinmediated cell adhesion is important not only for neuronal migration but a ...
Unit4Jeopardy
... (3) Change the category headings in the normal view (view/normal) (4) View as a slideshow. (5) Use the home red button after each question. ...
... (3) Change the category headings in the normal view (view/normal) (4) View as a slideshow. (5) Use the home red button after each question. ...
PDF
... be responsive to NGF but only during a limited period of their embryonic development (Levi-Montalcini & Angeletti, 1968). These experiments have led to the view that NGF may play an important part in the development and, perhaps, maintenance of the peripheral nervous system. However, in spite of int ...
... be responsive to NGF but only during a limited period of their embryonic development (Levi-Montalcini & Angeletti, 1968). These experiments have led to the view that NGF may play an important part in the development and, perhaps, maintenance of the peripheral nervous system. However, in spite of int ...
Preprint - University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences
... Khawaja, Butts and Pack 2012). But these approaches can only extend our understanding one stage beyond what is already relatively well-understood. An additional challenge arises from the fact that neural responses at higher stages become increasingly affected by behavioral task and context, and mode ...
... Khawaja, Butts and Pack 2012). But these approaches can only extend our understanding one stage beyond what is already relatively well-understood. An additional challenge arises from the fact that neural responses at higher stages become increasingly affected by behavioral task and context, and mode ...
The Emergence of Selective Attention through - laral
... results of these experiments indicate that representations of relevant objects are enhanced with respect to non-relevant information in terms of visually driven responses, at level of both individual neural responses and coherent firing within the critical neuronal population [7]. Other than enhanci ...
... results of these experiments indicate that representations of relevant objects are enhanced with respect to non-relevant information in terms of visually driven responses, at level of both individual neural responses and coherent firing within the critical neuronal population [7]. Other than enhanci ...
Visceral sensitivity and functional dyspepsia
... so-called brain gut axis). Symptoms of functional dyspepsia can be caused by poor regulation of this axis. The most recent studies focus on the apparent alteration of the CNS in processing visceral signals that are accompanied by emotional changes and anxiety and which are very often associated with ...
... so-called brain gut axis). Symptoms of functional dyspepsia can be caused by poor regulation of this axis. The most recent studies focus on the apparent alteration of the CNS in processing visceral signals that are accompanied by emotional changes and anxiety and which are very often associated with ...
Cortical afferents to the smooth-pursuit region of the macaque
... Parameters of microstimulation and methods of testing pursuit neurons have been described elsewhere (Gottlieb et al. 1993, 1994; Shi et al. 1998). Sites were found where pursuit-like eye movements were electrically elicited and/ or where neurons specifically responded during smooth pursuit and not in ...
... Parameters of microstimulation and methods of testing pursuit neurons have been described elsewhere (Gottlieb et al. 1993, 1994; Shi et al. 1998). Sites were found where pursuit-like eye movements were electrically elicited and/ or where neurons specifically responded during smooth pursuit and not in ...
Calcium-Independent Afterdepolarization Regulated by Serotonin in
... the ADP (Luthi and McCormick 1998), we found that a strong ADP survived even after buffering intracellular calcium and blocking calcium channels. Further, we found that serotonin could increase this calcium independent form of the IADP. How can a hyperpolarization induce this ADP? Luthi and McCormic ...
... the ADP (Luthi and McCormick 1998), we found that a strong ADP survived even after buffering intracellular calcium and blocking calcium channels. Further, we found that serotonin could increase this calcium independent form of the IADP. How can a hyperpolarization induce this ADP? Luthi and McCormic ...
in systems and translational endocrinology
... instructive of the periods during pregnancy that are most sensitive to circadian disruption. Clock/Clock mutant females have been shown to have difficulties at multiple stages of pregnancy. Despite a reduced or absent proestrus LH surge, ovaries from non-pregnant homozygous mutant mice contain simil ...
... instructive of the periods during pregnancy that are most sensitive to circadian disruption. Clock/Clock mutant females have been shown to have difficulties at multiple stages of pregnancy. Despite a reduced or absent proestrus LH surge, ovaries from non-pregnant homozygous mutant mice contain simil ...
Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Encode a Quantitative Reward
... error. Importantly, however, systems of this type do not necessarily account for all of the behavior produced by all animals under all circumstances. If an animal faces an environment in which a strategy of alternating sequentially between two responses yields a reward on every trial, then the outpu ...
... error. Importantly, however, systems of this type do not necessarily account for all of the behavior produced by all animals under all circumstances. If an animal faces an environment in which a strategy of alternating sequentially between two responses yields a reward on every trial, then the outpu ...
NIH Public Access
... fraction (12/96, 13%) of the neurons showed significant increases in spontaneous firing rate, while 43% (41/96) showed significant decreases (Fig. 1b, c, Supplementary Fig. 1c). The cells with increased firing exhibited narrower spike waveforms than those with decreased firing (Fig. 1c, inset; peak- ...
... fraction (12/96, 13%) of the neurons showed significant increases in spontaneous firing rate, while 43% (41/96) showed significant decreases (Fig. 1b, c, Supplementary Fig. 1c). The cells with increased firing exhibited narrower spike waveforms than those with decreased firing (Fig. 1c, inset; peak- ...
Mirror Neurons Responding to Observation of Actions Made with
... his hand were much less effective (B). This neuron responded also when the monkey broke a small piece of food with the hand (C) or the mouth (D). Note that the intensity of neuron discharge during monkey breaking action is lower than that during action observation, probably because the breaking acti ...
... his hand were much less effective (B). This neuron responded also when the monkey broke a small piece of food with the hand (C) or the mouth (D). Note that the intensity of neuron discharge during monkey breaking action is lower than that during action observation, probably because the breaking acti ...
Prefrontal Neurons Coding Suppression of Specific Saccades
... tients with frontal lobe damage. Despite the clinical importance of suppression, most studies of the frontal lobe (e.g., Hasegawa et al., 1998, 2000a, 2004) in monkeys have dealt with the generation of movement rather than its suppression. The saccadic system provides an excellent model for the supp ...
... tients with frontal lobe damage. Despite the clinical importance of suppression, most studies of the frontal lobe (e.g., Hasegawa et al., 1998, 2000a, 2004) in monkeys have dealt with the generation of movement rather than its suppression. The saccadic system provides an excellent model for the supp ...
Role of right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in self
... in relaying complex social appraisals, which are intrinsic to emotions like embarrassment, to emotion generation structures. Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects anterior insula and pACC early in the disease course (Schroeter et al., 2008; Se ...
... in relaying complex social appraisals, which are intrinsic to emotions like embarrassment, to emotion generation structures. Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects anterior insula and pACC early in the disease course (Schroeter et al., 2008; Se ...
Recounting the impact of Hubel and Wiesel
... the organization of neuronal circuits. His widely read ideas on cell assemblies and phase sequences, though based on hypothetical neurons, stimulated thinking about how neurons could be organized to produce complex behaviour. In Hebb’s case this was largely directed at learning and memory, but it st ...
... the organization of neuronal circuits. His widely read ideas on cell assemblies and phase sequences, though based on hypothetical neurons, stimulated thinking about how neurons could be organized to produce complex behaviour. In Hebb’s case this was largely directed at learning and memory, but it st ...
A Pain in the Ear: The Radiology of Otalgia
... can cause excruciating ear pain, is unilateral or bilateral, and can be accompanied by a (“sympathetic”) middle ear effusion (11). Bullous myringitis is diagnosed and treated clinically. Malignant external otitis (MEO), or malignant external otitis, is a virulent, necrotizing infection, not (despite ...
... can cause excruciating ear pain, is unilateral or bilateral, and can be accompanied by a (“sympathetic”) middle ear effusion (11). Bullous myringitis is diagnosed and treated clinically. Malignant external otitis (MEO), or malignant external otitis, is a virulent, necrotizing infection, not (despite ...
The Structure of Spatial Receptive Fields of Neurons in Primary
... were used, and sound-source directions were referred to the same spherical coordinate system centered on the cat’s interaural plane that covered 3608 in azimuth and 1268 in elevation. Measurements were not made at elevations below 2368 (Musicant et al., 1990) and thus were not represented in our VAS ...
... were used, and sound-source directions were referred to the same spherical coordinate system centered on the cat’s interaural plane that covered 3608 in azimuth and 1268 in elevation. Measurements were not made at elevations below 2368 (Musicant et al., 1990) and thus were not represented in our VAS ...
All-Atom Molecular Dynamics of Virus Capsids
... capsids to reveal novel drug targets is offered. Virus Capsid Morphology. Virus capsids can be composed of one or more types of protein building blocks (protomers), arranged according to well-defined geometric relationships.6 These relationships are leveraged both when solving experimental structures ...
... capsids to reveal novel drug targets is offered. Virus Capsid Morphology. Virus capsids can be composed of one or more types of protein building blocks (protomers), arranged according to well-defined geometric relationships.6 These relationships are leveraged both when solving experimental structures ...
Darnell, JC, Warren, ST and Darnell, RB: The fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP, recognizes G-quartets. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 10:49-52 (2004).
... sites. This was shown by the significant number of putative G-quartets picked up by the RNABob program [Eddy; 2001; Gautheret et al., 1990] cited in Darnell et al. [2001] that did not bind FMRP when tested. It is likely that they do not fold into G-quartets because of competing structures in the RNA ...
... sites. This was shown by the significant number of putative G-quartets picked up by the RNABob program [Eddy; 2001; Gautheret et al., 1990] cited in Darnell et al. [2001] that did not bind FMRP when tested. It is likely that they do not fold into G-quartets because of competing structures in the RNA ...
Reflections on agranular architecture: predictive coding in the motor
... If a head is turning, for instance, a frontal view of a face may soon be replaced by a profile [22]. Generative models are necessarily hierarchical (in space and time). If the visual system operates as a generative model, the percept corresponding to a particular cause is not specified at only one l ...
... If a head is turning, for instance, a frontal view of a face may soon be replaced by a profile [22]. Generative models are necessarily hierarchical (in space and time). If the visual system operates as a generative model, the percept corresponding to a particular cause is not specified at only one l ...
File - Psychology@Phoenix P12
... the elevated heart rate and blood pressure of REM sleep may also be caused by illness or exercise. The measurements alone can thus be interpreted incorrectly without self report or observational data to back the data up. Study Design Reference: Methods used to study the level of alertness in normal ...
... the elevated heart rate and blood pressure of REM sleep may also be caused by illness or exercise. The measurements alone can thus be interpreted incorrectly without self report or observational data to back the data up. Study Design Reference: Methods used to study the level of alertness in normal ...
On the relevance of time in neural computation and learning
... These data (and many other recordings) also show that typical =ring rates of biological neurons are relatively low – typically well below 100 Hz. They are especially low in higher cortical areas of more advanced species. On the other hand complex multi-layer biological neural systems with at least 1 ...
... These data (and many other recordings) also show that typical =ring rates of biological neurons are relatively low – typically well below 100 Hz. They are especially low in higher cortical areas of more advanced species. On the other hand complex multi-layer biological neural systems with at least 1 ...
Development of the Nervous System of Carinina ochracea
... brain, encircling the proboscis insertion instead of the mouth opening [10,11]. Currenly available immunohistochemical observations on nervous system development in Nemertea draw a heterogeneous and still fragmentary picture [12,13]. Detailed information on the formation and architecture of the larv ...
... brain, encircling the proboscis insertion instead of the mouth opening [10,11]. Currenly available immunohistochemical observations on nervous system development in Nemertea draw a heterogeneous and still fragmentary picture [12,13]. Detailed information on the formation and architecture of the larv ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.