Distribution of neurons in functional areas of the mouse cerebral
... Examining the distribution of neurons across functional areas requires well-established criteria for identifying and isolating these areas. Such criteria have been established in the most widely used mouse brain atlas, in which the cerebral cortex has been segmented by careful comparison of cytoarch ...
... Examining the distribution of neurons across functional areas requires well-established criteria for identifying and isolating these areas. Such criteria have been established in the most widely used mouse brain atlas, in which the cerebral cortex has been segmented by careful comparison of cytoarch ...
Disorder Prediction Methods, Their Applicability to Different Protein
... method, depending on which composition or flavour was used as training set for its development. A study undertaken by Vucetic et al. revealed that there may be three distinct flavours of disorder based on the composition; these have arbitrarily been named V, C & S [29]. Flavour V contains a greater ...
... method, depending on which composition or flavour was used as training set for its development. A study undertaken by Vucetic et al. revealed that there may be three distinct flavours of disorder based on the composition; these have arbitrarily been named V, C & S [29]. Flavour V contains a greater ...
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... ProNGF does not affect the survival of SCG and trigeminal neurons supported by mNGF We began characterising the effects of proNGF on developing SCG and trigeminal neurons by studying the effects of cleavage-resistant murine proNGF on the survival of these neurons cultured at low density at stages th ...
... ProNGF does not affect the survival of SCG and trigeminal neurons supported by mNGF We began characterising the effects of proNGF on developing SCG and trigeminal neurons by studying the effects of cleavage-resistant murine proNGF on the survival of these neurons cultured at low density at stages th ...
Magnetic resonance imaging indicators of blood
... largely confined to white matter. Hydrocephalus was associated with transient elevation of T1 in gray and white matter and persistent elevation of T2 in white matter. Changes in the apparent diffusion coefficients were significant only in white matter. Ventricle size correlated significantly with do ...
... largely confined to white matter. Hydrocephalus was associated with transient elevation of T1 in gray and white matter and persistent elevation of T2 in white matter. Changes in the apparent diffusion coefficients were significant only in white matter. Ventricle size correlated significantly with do ...
reciprocal inhibition in the motor nervous system of the nematode
... is almost certainly the neurotransmitter released by the DE motoneurons (C. D. Johnson and A. 0. W. Stretton, submitted for publication). If there are excitatory cholinergic postsynaptic receptors on the VI dendrite, then the dorsal excitors would excite the VI at the same time that they activate th ...
... is almost certainly the neurotransmitter released by the DE motoneurons (C. D. Johnson and A. 0. W. Stretton, submitted for publication). If there are excitatory cholinergic postsynaptic receptors on the VI dendrite, then the dorsal excitors would excite the VI at the same time that they activate th ...
Chapter 5 - Wake Forest University
... • a histological method that uses radioactive antibodies or antibodies bound with a dye molecule to indicate the presence of particular proteins of peptides • Immunocytochemical methods take advantage of the immune reaction. • The body’s immune system has the ability to produce antibodies in respons ...
... • a histological method that uses radioactive antibodies or antibodies bound with a dye molecule to indicate the presence of particular proteins of peptides • Immunocytochemical methods take advantage of the immune reaction. • The body’s immune system has the ability to produce antibodies in respons ...
From/To LTM - Ohio University
... Spatio-temporal memories are fundamental to self-organization and learning in bio-inspired systems. Short term memory (STM) and long term memory (LTM): two major types of memories in neurobiological research of human brain. They occupy different regions of the human brain, have different structu ...
... Spatio-temporal memories are fundamental to self-organization and learning in bio-inspired systems. Short term memory (STM) and long term memory (LTM): two major types of memories in neurobiological research of human brain. They occupy different regions of the human brain, have different structu ...
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... pro-apoptotic signaling cascades, which result in the death of RGCs32. A great number of studies have demonstrated that exogenous NMDA induced the rapid death of adult RGCs, and excess glutamate has been found in the retina in glaucoma33, while inhibitors of NMDAR or downstream pathways have a prot ...
... pro-apoptotic signaling cascades, which result in the death of RGCs32. A great number of studies have demonstrated that exogenous NMDA induced the rapid death of adult RGCs, and excess glutamate has been found in the retina in glaucoma33, while inhibitors of NMDAR or downstream pathways have a prot ...
Gq-dependent signalling by the lysophosphatidic acid receptor
... and Rho kinase (Rho-associated kinase) activities: stimulation of all three enzymes was inhibited by expression of the Gαq , but not the Gαi , minigene. Initial contraction and MLC20 (20 kDa regulatory light chain of myosin II) phosphorylation induced by LPA were abolished by inhibitors of PLC (phos ...
... and Rho kinase (Rho-associated kinase) activities: stimulation of all three enzymes was inhibited by expression of the Gαq , but not the Gαi , minigene. Initial contraction and MLC20 (20 kDa regulatory light chain of myosin II) phosphorylation induced by LPA were abolished by inhibitors of PLC (phos ...
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) PNS – all neural structures
... Input comes from exteroceptors, proprioceptors, and interoceptors ...
... Input comes from exteroceptors, proprioceptors, and interoceptors ...
Document
... To determine the MT, the coil is placed over the motor cortex and moved until the smallest possible impulse produces either a small motor evoked potential (MEP; usually 50 microvolts; Rossini et al, 1994) or a visible movement of the thumb, wrist or fingers (Pridmore et al, 1998) in at least half of ...
... To determine the MT, the coil is placed over the motor cortex and moved until the smallest possible impulse produces either a small motor evoked potential (MEP; usually 50 microvolts; Rossini et al, 1994) or a visible movement of the thumb, wrist or fingers (Pridmore et al, 1998) in at least half of ...
Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits
... (,15 ms) indicates that they may, like CEm neurons22,23, receive direct input from sensory thalamus24. Cross-correlating spontaneously occurring spikes of simultaneously recorded CElon and CEloff neurons revealed substantial, yet asymmetrical, short-latency inhibitory interactions between the two cl ...
... (,15 ms) indicates that they may, like CEm neurons22,23, receive direct input from sensory thalamus24. Cross-correlating spontaneously occurring spikes of simultaneously recorded CElon and CEloff neurons revealed substantial, yet asymmetrical, short-latency inhibitory interactions between the two cl ...
Commentaries on Viewpoint: A role for the prefrontal cortex in
... fatigue and task failure. It will be interesting to more specifically formulate hypotheses about how the proposed components of the system interact in different contexts. For example, many studies outside the field of exercise science link PFC to motivational processes. On the other hand, PFC modula ...
... fatigue and task failure. It will be interesting to more specifically formulate hypotheses about how the proposed components of the system interact in different contexts. For example, many studies outside the field of exercise science link PFC to motivational processes. On the other hand, PFC modula ...
A Model of Surround Suppression Through Cortical Feedback
... reason is that these effects may tell us something about the underlying cortical microcircuitry of primary visual cortex. The most straight-forward models of the primary visual cortex involve feedforward connections to linear Gabor-like filters. This type of model cannot describe these surround supp ...
... reason is that these effects may tell us something about the underlying cortical microcircuitry of primary visual cortex. The most straight-forward models of the primary visual cortex involve feedforward connections to linear Gabor-like filters. This type of model cannot describe these surround supp ...
Laboratory Guide - Sites@Duke
... Lateral aspect of the brain. The cerebral hemispheres are relatively large in humans. They are entirely covered by a 2–3-mm thick layer of cells and cellular processes called the cerebral cortex. The surface of each hemisphere is highly infolded; the ridges thus formed are known as gyri (singular: g ...
... Lateral aspect of the brain. The cerebral hemispheres are relatively large in humans. They are entirely covered by a 2–3-mm thick layer of cells and cellular processes called the cerebral cortex. The surface of each hemisphere is highly infolded; the ridges thus formed are known as gyri (singular: g ...
Changes in Intracellular pH Associated with Glutamate Excitotoxicity
... large deviations in [Ca*+], and high potassium or cyanide induced increasesin [Ca*+], do not produce toxicity (Michaels and Rothman, 1990; Dubinsky and Rothman, 1991). Intracellular acidification hasbeen postulated to contribute to ischemicneuronal death (Tombaugh and Sapolsky, 1990; Nedergaardet al ...
... large deviations in [Ca*+], and high potassium or cyanide induced increasesin [Ca*+], do not produce toxicity (Michaels and Rothman, 1990; Dubinsky and Rothman, 1991). Intracellular acidification hasbeen postulated to contribute to ischemicneuronal death (Tombaugh and Sapolsky, 1990; Nedergaardet al ...
Multiplication and stimulus invariance in a looming
... the processing of visual and other sensory information leading to stimulus categorization [69]. It is presently unknown whether the mechanisms that underlie this specificity are due to single cell or network mechanisms. Another example is the contrast invariance of orienta- ...
... the processing of visual and other sensory information leading to stimulus categorization [69]. It is presently unknown whether the mechanisms that underlie this specificity are due to single cell or network mechanisms. Another example is the contrast invariance of orienta- ...
Prelimbic to Accumbens Core Pathway Is Recruited in a Dopamine
... (Bossert et al., 2011; Cruz et al., 2013, 2014; Moorman and AstonJones, 2015). The importance of these neural subpopulations for drug-seeking behavior may depend on their projection targets. For example, neurons in mPFC, BLA, and vSub activate during cue-induced cocaine seeking (as measured by c-fos ...
... (Bossert et al., 2011; Cruz et al., 2013, 2014; Moorman and AstonJones, 2015). The importance of these neural subpopulations for drug-seeking behavior may depend on their projection targets. For example, neurons in mPFC, BLA, and vSub activate during cue-induced cocaine seeking (as measured by c-fos ...
Neuroimaging and ADHD: fMRI, PET, DTI Findings, and
... complete fewer years of education, and have lower ranking occupational positions (McGough et al., 2005). They are also at risk for social adjustment difficulties, psychological distress, higher rates of drug dependence and antisocial behavior, poor driving records with increased risk of traffic viol ...
... complete fewer years of education, and have lower ranking occupational positions (McGough et al., 2005). They are also at risk for social adjustment difficulties, psychological distress, higher rates of drug dependence and antisocial behavior, poor driving records with increased risk of traffic viol ...
Synaptic Transmission 1
... – Even if the membrane is not hyperpolarized much by the action of an inhibitory transmitter, the effect is still inhibitory, since Cl- (or K+) movement will oppose the consequences of inward current produced by the action of excitatory transmitters. – Shunting is the predominant form of inhibiti ...
... – Even if the membrane is not hyperpolarized much by the action of an inhibitory transmitter, the effect is still inhibitory, since Cl- (or K+) movement will oppose the consequences of inward current produced by the action of excitatory transmitters. – Shunting is the predominant form of inhibiti ...
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Aplysia californica and Molecular
... which binding of L-Glu activates intracellular cascades and modification of intracellular proteins; they are not ion channels. In contrast, ionotropic L-Glu receptors (iGluR) are ion channels that convey the majority of fast excitatory signal transmission modulated by L-Glu and have been implicated ...
... which binding of L-Glu activates intracellular cascades and modification of intracellular proteins; they are not ion channels. In contrast, ionotropic L-Glu receptors (iGluR) are ion channels that convey the majority of fast excitatory signal transmission modulated by L-Glu and have been implicated ...
Resveratrol attenuates L-DOPA-induced hydrogen
... cells function as DA neurons and are phenotypically similar to mature DA neurons in vivo; therefore, SKNSH cells serve as an appropriate model of the dopaminergic neuron and is suitable for the study of L-DOPA-induced toxicity and furthermore, antioxidant protection. RESV’s cellular mechanism of ant ...
... cells function as DA neurons and are phenotypically similar to mature DA neurons in vivo; therefore, SKNSH cells serve as an appropriate model of the dopaminergic neuron and is suitable for the study of L-DOPA-induced toxicity and furthermore, antioxidant protection. RESV’s cellular mechanism of ant ...
Development of the rat thalamus: VI. The posterior lobule of the
... the dorsal lateral geniculate (LGD), ventral lateral geniculate (LGV), and lateral posterior (LP) nuclei of the thalamus. Quantitative examination of longsurvival radiograms established that the neurons of the LGD are produced on days E l 4 and E15. Within the LGD there is an external-to-internal ne ...
... the dorsal lateral geniculate (LGD), ventral lateral geniculate (LGV), and lateral posterior (LP) nuclei of the thalamus. Quantitative examination of longsurvival radiograms established that the neurons of the LGD are produced on days E l 4 and E15. Within the LGD there is an external-to-internal ne ...
Comparison of the Distributions of lpsilaterally and Contralaterally
... hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected regions which have been the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) of Palmer et al. (1978). The existence of extensive interconnection ...
... hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected regions which have been the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) of Palmer et al. (1978). The existence of extensive interconnection ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.