Action Potential Backpropagation and Somato
... roughly uniform density of potassium channels across the so- ...
... roughly uniform density of potassium channels across the so- ...
DCN principal cells respond to spectral edges, which requires additional inhibitory effects in DCN
... were similar, with bandwidths and sound levels varied. units were classified as onset-C neurons if they had onset responses to tones, no spontaneous rate, and strong BBN responses. Response maps were collected for many neurons. They were constructed by recording responses to 200 ms tone bursts prese ...
... were similar, with bandwidths and sound levels varied. units were classified as onset-C neurons if they had onset responses to tones, no spontaneous rate, and strong BBN responses. Response maps were collected for many neurons. They were constructed by recording responses to 200 ms tone bursts prese ...
Article - Leslie Vosshall - The Rockefeller University
... the volume of the V glomerulus, we asked whether odorevoked activity in OSNs was sufficient to produce these neuroanatomical changes. This was achieved by ectopic expression and activation of an odorant receptor tuned to cyclohexanol in Gr21a neurons. Flies that express both Or43a and Or83b in Gr21a ...
... the volume of the V glomerulus, we asked whether odorevoked activity in OSNs was sufficient to produce these neuroanatomical changes. This was achieved by ectopic expression and activation of an odorant receptor tuned to cyclohexanol in Gr21a neurons. Flies that express both Or43a and Or83b in Gr21a ...
Representation of Sounds in Auditory Cortex of Awake
... After more than six decades of research (Bremer and Bonnet, 1949; Tunturi, 1944; Woolsey and Walzl, 1942) there is no consensus on how auditory cortex is defined (Read et al., 2002). Although many would agree on a definition based on the pattern of input connections and the type of sensory inputs pr ...
... After more than six decades of research (Bremer and Bonnet, 1949; Tunturi, 1944; Woolsey and Walzl, 1942) there is no consensus on how auditory cortex is defined (Read et al., 2002). Although many would agree on a definition based on the pattern of input connections and the type of sensory inputs pr ...
S-potentials precede and drive nearly all LGN spikes in a burst.
... nucleus (LGN) is often categorized into two modes: burst and tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occu ...
... nucleus (LGN) is often categorized into two modes: burst and tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occu ...
Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in
... Using this protocol, 67 well-separated forebrain cholinergic neurons were imaged and 12 of these neurons–8 from P12 brains and 4 from P30 brains–were traced (Figures 2, 3, 4B, Figure 2—figure supplement 1). Among the traced arbors, nine were in the cortex, two were in the hippocampus, and one was in ...
... Using this protocol, 67 well-separated forebrain cholinergic neurons were imaged and 12 of these neurons–8 from P12 brains and 4 from P30 brains–were traced (Figures 2, 3, 4B, Figure 2—figure supplement 1). Among the traced arbors, nine were in the cortex, two were in the hippocampus, and one was in ...
Spike-based Winner-Take-All Computation in a Multi
... The winner-take-all is a neuronal network that amplifies the strongest set of inputs and suppresses output from the others. In various neuroscience models, this function is used to make a selection out of a possible set of decisions dependent on the input. As we develop artificial spike-based system ...
... The winner-take-all is a neuronal network that amplifies the strongest set of inputs and suppresses output from the others. In various neuroscience models, this function is used to make a selection out of a possible set of decisions dependent on the input. As we develop artificial spike-based system ...
Barrel cortex function - Brain Research Institute
... neocortical circuits are involved in signal processing. The best way to do that is to investigate sensory systems, because the physical stimulus leading to activation of the cerebral cortex can be brought under tight experimental control. Measurement of neocortical information about a stimulus that ...
... neocortical circuits are involved in signal processing. The best way to do that is to investigate sensory systems, because the physical stimulus leading to activation of the cerebral cortex can be brought under tight experimental control. Measurement of neocortical information about a stimulus that ...
Structural Changes in AMPA-Receptive Neurons in the Nucleus of
... Key Words: rats, spontaneously hypertensive 䡲 rats, inbred WKY 䡲 central nervous system 䡲 blood pressure 䡲 baroreflex 䡲 glutamate receptor ...
... Key Words: rats, spontaneously hypertensive 䡲 rats, inbred WKY 䡲 central nervous system 䡲 blood pressure 䡲 baroreflex 䡲 glutamate receptor ...
Coincidence Detection or Temporal Integration?
... In cats, SII cortex receives direct projections from the ventrobasal complex (Spreafico et al., 1981; Burton and Kopf, 1984). We recorded neurons in SII cortex instead of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex because receptive fields in SII cortex are larger, and this increased the probability of encoun ...
... In cats, SII cortex receives direct projections from the ventrobasal complex (Spreafico et al., 1981; Burton and Kopf, 1984). We recorded neurons in SII cortex instead of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex because receptive fields in SII cortex are larger, and this increased the probability of encoun ...
Single unit and extracellular firing rate recordings in vivo
... Extracellular recordings were obtained using glass microelectrodes filled with ACSF (resistance 4-8 M). According to Ericson et al {Ericson, Watanabe, et al. 1987 190 /id} the TMN is subdivided into three subgroups: a diffuse part (neurons are scattered within the lateral hypothalamic area) and two ...
... Extracellular recordings were obtained using glass microelectrodes filled with ACSF (resistance 4-8 M). According to Ericson et al {Ericson, Watanabe, et al. 1987 190 /id} the TMN is subdivided into three subgroups: a diffuse part (neurons are scattered within the lateral hypothalamic area) and two ...
Tuning Curve Shift by Attention Modulation in Cortical Neurons: a
... quantity is positive (negative), the shift is towards (away from) attention. In a few cases (Fig. 4C) we also tried systematically another measure of RF shift based on a Gaussian fit to ensure that our conclusions are not dependent on the particular measure of shift used. Specifically, we fitted a Gaus ...
... quantity is positive (negative), the shift is towards (away from) attention. In a few cases (Fig. 4C) we also tried systematically another measure of RF shift based on a Gaussian fit to ensure that our conclusions are not dependent on the particular measure of shift used. Specifically, we fitted a Gaus ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Vestibular Pathways to the Extraocular
... 1997. Electrophysiological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to describe the excitatory and inhibitory vestibular innervation of extraocular motor nuclei in the goldfish. In antidromically activated oculomotor motoneurons, electrical stimulation of the intact contral ...
... 1997. Electrophysiological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to describe the excitatory and inhibitory vestibular innervation of extraocular motor nuclei in the goldfish. In antidromically activated oculomotor motoneurons, electrical stimulation of the intact contral ...
electrophysiological and synaptic properties of rat superior and
... Cardiovascular disease accounts for 1 out of 3 deaths in the United States each year, at a rate of 1 individual lost every 39 seconds (Roger et al., 2012a). Hypertension (HT), defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, affects one-third of the adult populati ...
... Cardiovascular disease accounts for 1 out of 3 deaths in the United States each year, at a rate of 1 individual lost every 39 seconds (Roger et al., 2012a). Hypertension (HT), defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, affects one-third of the adult populati ...
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy
... Two groups of nuclei 1-Medial nuclear group: present in most segments of ...
... Two groups of nuclei 1-Medial nuclear group: present in most segments of ...
Update on models of basal ganglia function and dysfunction
... neurons express D1-family dopamine receptors, while indirect pathway neurons express D2-family receptors [17]. Studies in rodents have also suggested that the direct and indirect pathways receive inputs from distinct groups of cortical neurons [18], but these results are difficult to reconcile with p ...
... neurons express D1-family dopamine receptors, while indirect pathway neurons express D2-family receptors [17]. Studies in rodents have also suggested that the direct and indirect pathways receive inputs from distinct groups of cortical neurons [18], but these results are difficult to reconcile with p ...
Glycemic State Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
... is associated with a wide array of adverse health effects including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, collectively termed the “metabolic syndrome” (164). Although an effective pharmacological intervention for obesity remains to be develo ...
... is associated with a wide array of adverse health effects including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, collectively termed the “metabolic syndrome” (164). Although an effective pharmacological intervention for obesity remains to be develo ...
Carlsson J Neurosci 2007 (pdf 2,2 MB)
... side. Sixty-nine of these were treated with daily injections of L-DOPA at 6 mg/kg (with 15 mg/kg benserazide hydrochloride) for 28 d to induce abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) (induction phase), equivalent to peak dose dyskinesias seen in PD patients. At the end of this period, 56 animals exhib ...
... side. Sixty-nine of these were treated with daily injections of L-DOPA at 6 mg/kg (with 15 mg/kg benserazide hydrochloride) for 28 d to induce abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) (induction phase), equivalent to peak dose dyskinesias seen in PD patients. At the end of this period, 56 animals exhib ...
Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite Automata
... actions are a response to certain stimuli means, in the simplest case, that the actions are performed when those stimuli occur and not when they do not occur. Since both the stimuli and the actions may be very complicated, the relationship between the two is very complicated. In order to simplify ou ...
... actions are a response to certain stimuli means, in the simplest case, that the actions are performed when those stimuli occur and not when they do not occur. Since both the stimuli and the actions may be very complicated, the relationship between the two is very complicated. In order to simplify ou ...
Somatodendritic dopamine release - Philosophical Transactions of
... at dendro-dendritic synapses. Despite strong evidence to support this interpretation [23,24,26,55,69,72], this is not fully consistent with anatomical data given that dendro-dendritic synapses [77 –79] are absent in DA dendrite-rich SNr [78] and are relatively rare in SNc and VTA [78]. Moreover, Pic ...
... at dendro-dendritic synapses. Despite strong evidence to support this interpretation [23,24,26,55,69,72], this is not fully consistent with anatomical data given that dendro-dendritic synapses [77 –79] are absent in DA dendrite-rich SNr [78] and are relatively rare in SNc and VTA [78]. Moreover, Pic ...
Binding and Cytotoxic Effects of Clostdium botulinum Type A, C1
... intraperitoneal injection, 10 LD5o ml-l (250 pg ml-l) of toxin was used; 0.5 mI of the mixtures was injected and the mice were observed for 6 d. For intravenous injection, 2 x lo5 LDS0ml-l (5 pg ml-l) was used, and 0.1 ml of the mixtures was injected. The average time to death and the percentage of ...
... intraperitoneal injection, 10 LD5o ml-l (250 pg ml-l) of toxin was used; 0.5 mI of the mixtures was injected and the mice were observed for 6 d. For intravenous injection, 2 x lo5 LDS0ml-l (5 pg ml-l) was used, and 0.1 ml of the mixtures was injected. The average time to death and the percentage of ...
Neurofilament and Calcium-Binding Proteins in the
... 1995a). In particular, gradients of in the density of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons has been reported in the visual cortex of the macaque monkey, where the primary visual areas show much lower densities compared to visual association areas located in the parietal and temporal cortex (Kondo et al. ...
... 1995a). In particular, gradients of in the density of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons has been reported in the visual cortex of the macaque monkey, where the primary visual areas show much lower densities compared to visual association areas located in the parietal and temporal cortex (Kondo et al. ...
Reticular Formation
... Reticular Activating System Relatively non-specific Sensory modalities are merged in a polysynaptic pathway Only provides a vague awareness of any particular sensory modality Results in cortical stimulation with profound effects on: levels of Consciousness and Alerting reactions to sensory s ...
... Reticular Activating System Relatively non-specific Sensory modalities are merged in a polysynaptic pathway Only provides a vague awareness of any particular sensory modality Results in cortical stimulation with profound effects on: levels of Consciousness and Alerting reactions to sensory s ...
Dopamine Receptor–Mediated Mechanisms Involved in the
... Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560; and 2 Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371, Japan ...
... Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560; and 2 Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371, Japan ...
Circuitry and Function of the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus
... DCN (Lorente de Nó 1981; Berrebi and Mugnaini 1991; Weedman et al. 1996). They are also unique in that they serve as the convergence point for auditory and somatosensory information (Young et al. 1995). The main features of the interneuronal circuitry of the DCN have been worked out, so that the gen ...
... DCN (Lorente de Nó 1981; Berrebi and Mugnaini 1991; Weedman et al. 1996). They are also unique in that they serve as the convergence point for auditory and somatosensory information (Young et al. 1995). The main features of the interneuronal circuitry of the DCN have been worked out, so that the gen ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.