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... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
One Computer Scientist`s (Deep) Superior Colliculus
... Every natural organism embodies solutions to a host of ecological problems, found through eons of evolution. The study of these solutions and their applications in technical settings is called biomimetics and it has been a driving force in many areas of research. Biomimetic approaches at various lev ...
... Every natural organism embodies solutions to a host of ecological problems, found through eons of evolution. The study of these solutions and their applications in technical settings is called biomimetics and it has been a driving force in many areas of research. Biomimetic approaches at various lev ...
Characterization of peripheral osmoreceptors - diss.fu
... glucose and many others. The osmolality of the ECF is a measure of the concentration of each of these substances and is defined as the number of moles of the chemical compounds in solution per kilogram of solvent. Loss or gain of systemic water or electrolytes results in changes in ECF osmolality wh ...
... glucose and many others. The osmolality of the ECF is a measure of the concentration of each of these substances and is defined as the number of moles of the chemical compounds in solution per kilogram of solvent. Loss or gain of systemic water or electrolytes results in changes in ECF osmolality wh ...
The physiological role of orexin/hypocretin neurons in the regulation
... that binds to two closely related orphan GPCRs. Because the injection of the ligands induced feeding behavior, they named the ligands “orexin” after the Greek word orexis, which means appetite (Sakurai et al., 1998). At the same time, de Lecea et al. (1998) isolated cDNAs selectively expressed withi ...
... that binds to two closely related orphan GPCRs. Because the injection of the ligands induced feeding behavior, they named the ligands “orexin” after the Greek word orexis, which means appetite (Sakurai et al., 1998). At the same time, de Lecea et al. (1998) isolated cDNAs selectively expressed withi ...
Voluntary Movement: The Primary Motor Cortex
... but an internal decision to interact with the object. The presence of the object provides only the opportunity for acting. Voluntary actions involve choices between alternatives, including the choice not to act. Furthermore, they are organized to achieve some goal in the near or distant future. Volu ...
... but an internal decision to interact with the object. The presence of the object provides only the opportunity for acting. Voluntary actions involve choices between alternatives, including the choice not to act. Furthermore, they are organized to achieve some goal in the near or distant future. Volu ...
The neurochemistry of the GnRH pulse generator
... GnRH neurons reside in the MPOIAH. Hence, NE and GABA most likely act at the perikaryal levels of GnRH neurons. Their function appears to be induction of phasic activation of GnRH neurons by NE through an al-receptive mechanism. This phasic activation is tonically inhibited by GABAergic neurons. The ...
... GnRH neurons reside in the MPOIAH. Hence, NE and GABA most likely act at the perikaryal levels of GnRH neurons. Their function appears to be induction of phasic activation of GnRH neurons by NE through an al-receptive mechanism. This phasic activation is tonically inhibited by GABAergic neurons. The ...
Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus
... et al. 2008a). Neurons of the same type tend to fire together, with small phase differences, whereas different types of neuron tend not to do so (Mallet et al. 2008a). This diversity in temporal coupling persisted across SWA and activated brain states, suggesting it is strongly governed by ‘hard wir ...
... et al. 2008a). Neurons of the same type tend to fire together, with small phase differences, whereas different types of neuron tend not to do so (Mallet et al. 2008a). This diversity in temporal coupling persisted across SWA and activated brain states, suggesting it is strongly governed by ‘hard wir ...
Neuronal-Derived Nitric Oxide and Somatodendritically Released
... from VP-eGFP transgenic rats, where eGFP expression is driven by the VP promoter, were used. Likewise, OT neurons were selected based on their lack of eGFP expression in brain slices from VP-eGFP transgenic ...
... from VP-eGFP transgenic rats, where eGFP expression is driven by the VP promoter, were used. Likewise, OT neurons were selected based on their lack of eGFP expression in brain slices from VP-eGFP transgenic ...
Shape Selectivity in Primate Frontal Eye Field
... additional details, see Sereno and Amador 2006). The animal performed each subtask in alternating short blocks of about nine trials. A small cue was briefly presented around the fixation point at the trial onset indicating which DMTS subtask the animal was to perform. For most cells, each shape and ...
... additional details, see Sereno and Amador 2006). The animal performed each subtask in alternating short blocks of about nine trials. A small cue was briefly presented around the fixation point at the trial onset indicating which DMTS subtask the animal was to perform. For most cells, each shape and ...
Different neurotrophins are expressed and act in a developmental
... Trigeminal neurons exhibit a transitory survival response to BDNF and NT-3 prior to naturally occurring cell death The survival effects of neurotrophins on cultured embryonic trigeminal neurons are clearly observed after 48 hours incubation when virtually all neurons have died in control cultures. F ...
... Trigeminal neurons exhibit a transitory survival response to BDNF and NT-3 prior to naturally occurring cell death The survival effects of neurotrophins on cultured embryonic trigeminal neurons are clearly observed after 48 hours incubation when virtually all neurons have died in control cultures. F ...
Spatiotemporal Properties of Eye Position Signals
... For each neuron, data were aligned on either the initiation of saccades or the onset and offset of visual stimuli. Saccades were detected using automated algorithms. After applying a 29-point finite impulse response filter to eye position data, horizontal and vertical eye velocities were obtained by d ...
... For each neuron, data were aligned on either the initiation of saccades or the onset and offset of visual stimuli. Saccades were detected using automated algorithms. After applying a 29-point finite impulse response filter to eye position data, horizontal and vertical eye velocities were obtained by d ...
Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science
... 1998, section on coincidence detection in auditory neurons, p. 519) (see Figure 1). It also provides a mechanism for saturation of inputs, thus preventing overexcitation of the neuron by a group of synapses. Nonlinear interactions are especially prominent between excitatory synapses and shunting inh ...
... 1998, section on coincidence detection in auditory neurons, p. 519) (see Figure 1). It also provides a mechanism for saturation of inputs, thus preventing overexcitation of the neuron by a group of synapses. Nonlinear interactions are especially prominent between excitatory synapses and shunting inh ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... reversal potential, because then the effect of synaptic input was always hyperpolarizing during the time course of an active potential and its repolarization. Second, the ratio between the synaptic decay time constant (τsyn ) and the oscillation period had to be sufficiently large, because with smal ...
... reversal potential, because then the effect of synaptic input was always hyperpolarizing during the time course of an active potential and its repolarization. Second, the ratio between the synaptic decay time constant (τsyn ) and the oscillation period had to be sufficiently large, because with smal ...
Soghomonian J.J., Sethares C., and Peters, A
... Much of the cognitive decline shown by aging primates can be attributed to dysfunction of prefrontal cortex and, as shown previously, about 30% of asymmetric (excitatory) and symmetric (inhibitory) axodendritic synapses are lost from the neuropil of layer 2/3 in prefrontal area 46 with age (Peters e ...
... Much of the cognitive decline shown by aging primates can be attributed to dysfunction of prefrontal cortex and, as shown previously, about 30% of asymmetric (excitatory) and symmetric (inhibitory) axodendritic synapses are lost from the neuropil of layer 2/3 in prefrontal area 46 with age (Peters e ...
The prefrontal cortex encompasses a large and heterogeneous set of
... et al., 1992) have been subdivided further with the aid of modern cellular and molecular stains [e.g. (Hof and Nimchinsky, 1992; Carmichael and Price, 1994; Nimchinsky et al., 1996)]. However, architectonic studies rely on qualitative differences in a number of morphological cellular and neurochemic ...
... et al., 1992) have been subdivided further with the aid of modern cellular and molecular stains [e.g. (Hof and Nimchinsky, 1992; Carmichael and Price, 1994; Nimchinsky et al., 1996)]. However, architectonic studies rely on qualitative differences in a number of morphological cellular and neurochemic ...
The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... depending on the extent to which it deviated from a direct line between the electrodes. The right-hand column of Figure 2 shows records obtained while evoking unitary EPSPs in the same CA1 cell. The CA3 neuron was activated by a depolarizing current pulse (Fig. 2E). Examples of individual responses ...
... depending on the extent to which it deviated from a direct line between the electrodes. The right-hand column of Figure 2 shows records obtained while evoking unitary EPSPs in the same CA1 cell. The CA3 neuron was activated by a depolarizing current pulse (Fig. 2E). Examples of individual responses ...
Input evoked nonlinearities in silicon dendritic circuits
... units, and NMDA channels located within the branches potentially allow either linear or nonlinear computation depending on the input’s spatio-temporal pattern [1]–[6]. This evidence supports the two-layer model from Poirazi and colleagues [7], [8], which suggests that pyramidal cells first process t ...
... units, and NMDA channels located within the branches potentially allow either linear or nonlinear computation depending on the input’s spatio-temporal pattern [1]–[6]. This evidence supports the two-layer model from Poirazi and colleagues [7], [8], which suggests that pyramidal cells first process t ...
Time-Dependent Activation of Feed-Forward Inhibition in
... ACTIVATION OF FEED-FORWARD INHIBITION DURING LOOMING ...
... ACTIVATION OF FEED-FORWARD INHIBITION DURING LOOMING ...
Hybrid Scheme for Modeling Local Field Potentials from Point
... The local field potential (LFP), the low-frequency component (≲ 500 Hz) of the extracellular potential recorded in the brain, is commonly used as a measure of neuronal activity (Buzsáki et al. 2012; Einevoll et al. 2013). The LFP originates from transmembrane currents (Nicholson and Freeman 1975), an ...
... The local field potential (LFP), the low-frequency component (≲ 500 Hz) of the extracellular potential recorded in the brain, is commonly used as a measure of neuronal activity (Buzsáki et al. 2012; Einevoll et al. 2013). The LFP originates from transmembrane currents (Nicholson and Freeman 1975), an ...
Dynamics and Synchronization of Motifs of Neuronal Populations in the Presence
... Altogether, these approaches demonstrate the tendency of segregation of brain activity. The recognition of this fact leads straightforwardly to the necessity of an integration principle. Cognitive functions, like perception, attention, and memory, demand to assemble pieces of information that are co ...
... Altogether, these approaches demonstrate the tendency of segregation of brain activity. The recognition of this fact leads straightforwardly to the necessity of an integration principle. Cognitive functions, like perception, attention, and memory, demand to assemble pieces of information that are co ...
Table of Contents
... is an interneuron (White et al., 1986). Although Ascaris and C. elegans are diverged by 500 million years, their nervous systems are remarkably conserved. In Ascaris, a nearly equivalent set of 26 major GABA-synthesizing neurons were identified by immunostaining (Guastella et al., 1991; Johnson and ...
... is an interneuron (White et al., 1986). Although Ascaris and C. elegans are diverged by 500 million years, their nervous systems are remarkably conserved. In Ascaris, a nearly equivalent set of 26 major GABA-synthesizing neurons were identified by immunostaining (Guastella et al., 1991; Johnson and ...
computational modeling of observational learning - FORTH-ICS
... our ability to learn during observation. Motor mental images include a representation of the body of the demonstrator, rather than just the consequences of its actions (Jeannerod, 1994), indicating that perception is embodied and modal. For this reason, motor imagery has bee ...
... our ability to learn during observation. Motor mental images include a representation of the body of the demonstrator, rather than just the consequences of its actions (Jeannerod, 1994), indicating that perception is embodied and modal. For this reason, motor imagery has bee ...
Is the Lateral Septum's Inhibitory Influence on the Amygdala Mediated... GABA-ergic Neurons? Mason Austin
... that, in this fear-provoking apparatus, anxiety-level is the most important modifier of preference and, inversely, behavioral expressions of preference are the best index of this anxiety level; since these assumption may or may not be valid, it is important to monitor other aspects of the rat’s beha ...
... that, in this fear-provoking apparatus, anxiety-level is the most important modifier of preference and, inversely, behavioral expressions of preference are the best index of this anxiety level; since these assumption may or may not be valid, it is important to monitor other aspects of the rat’s beha ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.