Functional Microarchitecture of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... more clustered than would be expected from a random distribution. However, preferred phase, direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to m ...
... more clustered than would be expected from a random distribution. However, preferred phase, direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to m ...
Memory Maintenance in Synapses with Calcium
... Most models of learning and memory assume that memories are maintained in neuronal circuits by persistent synaptic modifications induced by specific patterns of pre- and postsynaptic activity. For this scenario to be viable, synaptic modifications must survive the ubiquitous ongoing activity present ...
... Most models of learning and memory assume that memories are maintained in neuronal circuits by persistent synaptic modifications induced by specific patterns of pre- and postsynaptic activity. For this scenario to be viable, synaptic modifications must survive the ubiquitous ongoing activity present ...
The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Somatic Reflexes
... e studied the nervous system at a cellular level in chapter 12. In these next two chapters, we move up the structural hierarchy to study the nervous system at the organ and system levels of organization. The spinal cord is an “information highway” between your brain and your trunk and limbs. It is a ...
... e studied the nervous system at a cellular level in chapter 12. In these next two chapters, we move up the structural hierarchy to study the nervous system at the organ and system levels of organization. The spinal cord is an “information highway” between your brain and your trunk and limbs. It is a ...
The Formation of Specific Synaptic Connections Between Muscle
... some signs of using their forelimbs. All held their affected limbs in the correct position at the completion of a leap, implying at least some use of their shoulder. Two used the limb during walking, including elbow movements. None of the limbs was noticeably atrophic. As a group, these frogs were y ...
... some signs of using their forelimbs. All held their affected limbs in the correct position at the completion of a leap, implying at least some use of their shoulder. Two used the limb during walking, including elbow movements. None of the limbs was noticeably atrophic. As a group, these frogs were y ...
KCNQ/M Channels Control Spike Afterdepolarization and Burst
... neurons in this series, linopirdine caused a marked enhancement of the ADP and induced bursting before any depolarization. Likewise, linopirdine also exerted these effects when the neurons were repolarized with steady negative current injection to their native resting potential (Fig. 1 Ab1– b4,C). H ...
... neurons in this series, linopirdine caused a marked enhancement of the ADP and induced bursting before any depolarization. Likewise, linopirdine also exerted these effects when the neurons were repolarized with steady negative current injection to their native resting potential (Fig. 1 Ab1– b4,C). H ...
Input-driven components of spike-frequency adaptation can be
... and a visual neuron may respond to light intensity but with an Similar to many other sensory neurons, auditory receptor cells of additional dependence on how well the stimulus overlaps with locusts respond to prolonged external stimulation with spiking the spatial receptive field or spectral sensiti ...
... and a visual neuron may respond to light intensity but with an Similar to many other sensory neurons, auditory receptor cells of additional dependence on how well the stimulus overlaps with locusts respond to prolonged external stimulation with spiking the spatial receptive field or spectral sensiti ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... (West and Gundersen, 1990). The first section in each series was chosen randomly followed by every third section thereafter, with a total of 10 sections per animal. C ells were sampled using a dissector frame taped to the monitor screen; cells were counted if they contained a nucleus that fell withi ...
... (West and Gundersen, 1990). The first section in each series was chosen randomly followed by every third section thereafter, with a total of 10 sections per animal. C ells were sampled using a dissector frame taped to the monitor screen; cells were counted if they contained a nucleus that fell withi ...
Branching out: mechanisms of dendritic arborization
... patterns of molecules that are important for dendrite morphogenesis26–32 (BOX 2; FIG. 1). Moreover, dendrite dynamics of fluorescently labelled dendritic arborization neurons can be visualized in vivo throughout larval development as they are located between the epithelium and muscle in an essential ...
... patterns of molecules that are important for dendrite morphogenesis26–32 (BOX 2; FIG. 1). Moreover, dendrite dynamics of fluorescently labelled dendritic arborization neurons can be visualized in vivo throughout larval development as they are located between the epithelium and muscle in an essential ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... intervals (ISIs). (A) data from recordings of one cortical cell (Brodmann’s area 46) that fired without task-relevant characteristics with an average firing rate of about 15 spikes/s. The coefficient of variation of the spike trains is Cv ≈ 1.09. (B) Simulated data from a Poisson distributed spike t ...
... intervals (ISIs). (A) data from recordings of one cortical cell (Brodmann’s area 46) that fired without task-relevant characteristics with an average firing rate of about 15 spikes/s. The coefficient of variation of the spike trains is Cv ≈ 1.09. (B) Simulated data from a Poisson distributed spike t ...
Axonal Localization of Integrins in the CNS Is Neuronal Type and
... made it possible to produce AAV vectors that can accommodate epitope-tagged full-length integrins. We show here that the presence in axons of virally expressed integrins in vivo is dependent upon neuronal type as well as age. Integrins are restricted to the cell body and dendrites of adult cortical ...
... made it possible to produce AAV vectors that can accommodate epitope-tagged full-length integrins. We show here that the presence in axons of virally expressed integrins in vivo is dependent upon neuronal type as well as age. Integrins are restricted to the cell body and dendrites of adult cortical ...
... neurons belonging to the extended amygdala which are positive for DARPP-32 and Inhibitor-1. We used standard immunohistochemical procedures for ChAT (rat monoclonal, DiaSorin, INCSTAR, Stillwater, MN), DARPP32 (mouse monoclonal, a gift from Dr Paul Greengard) and Inhibitor-1 (rabbit polyclonal, immu ...
Neural Correlates of Knowledge: Stable Representation of Stimulus
... (+ sign) after which a randomly selected cue stimulus was presented. The cue was followed immediately by the decision phase, during which two stimuli (the choice array) were presented in one of two configurations in the visual hemifield contralateral to the neuronal recordings. When the fixation tar ...
... (+ sign) after which a randomly selected cue stimulus was presented. The cue was followed immediately by the decision phase, during which two stimuli (the choice array) were presented in one of two configurations in the visual hemifield contralateral to the neuronal recordings. When the fixation tar ...
i BASAL GANGLIA PATHWAYS: BEYOND THE CLOSED
... connections and functions. Towards these aims, the introduction will begin with an overview of the cortico-BG projection system in the primate and how it has been used to establish that segregated BG circuits process motor, associative, and limbic information (Parent and Hazrati, 1995a). This will b ...
... connections and functions. Towards these aims, the introduction will begin with an overview of the cortico-BG projection system in the primate and how it has been used to establish that segregated BG circuits process motor, associative, and limbic information (Parent and Hazrati, 1995a). This will b ...
Central projections of the glossopharyngeal and
... buds located in the oropharyngeal region and thus constitute the oropharyngeal taste system, which is important for selective food ingestion (Atema, '71). Further, electrophysiological recordings from facial (Caprio, '75, '78, '82; Davenport and Caprio, '82), glossopharyngeal, and vagal (Kanwal and ...
... buds located in the oropharyngeal region and thus constitute the oropharyngeal taste system, which is important for selective food ingestion (Atema, '71). Further, electrophysiological recordings from facial (Caprio, '75, '78, '82; Davenport and Caprio, '82), glossopharyngeal, and vagal (Kanwal and ...
Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D
... The main and accessory olfactory systems of the mouse detect a large variety of chemical stimuli from the external environment. Chemoreception is mediated by several types of receptor molecules that are expressed by specialized sensory neurons (Axel, 2005; Buck, 2005; Mombaerts, 2004). The informati ...
... The main and accessory olfactory systems of the mouse detect a large variety of chemical stimuli from the external environment. Chemoreception is mediated by several types of receptor molecules that are expressed by specialized sensory neurons (Axel, 2005; Buck, 2005; Mombaerts, 2004). The informati ...
- Wiley Online Library
... (adrenergic/glutamatergic) neurons also express Phox2b (reproduced from Guyenet, 2008). C, single-cell RT-PCR data showing presence of Phox2b and VGlut2 transcripts in enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-expressing neurons dissociated from the RTN of a Phox2b-eGFP mouse (lanes 1–6), including ...
... (adrenergic/glutamatergic) neurons also express Phox2b (reproduced from Guyenet, 2008). C, single-cell RT-PCR data showing presence of Phox2b and VGlut2 transcripts in enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-expressing neurons dissociated from the RTN of a Phox2b-eGFP mouse (lanes 1–6), including ...
Serotonin in Affective Control
... Neuromodulators operate at a variety of temporal scales. First, their own tonic and phasic release may be under separate control (a possibility that has been particularly discussed for dopamine and norepinephrine: Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005; Goto et al., 2007). Indeed, neuromodulators are subject t ...
... Neuromodulators operate at a variety of temporal scales. First, their own tonic and phasic release may be under separate control (a possibility that has been particularly discussed for dopamine and norepinephrine: Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005; Goto et al., 2007). Indeed, neuromodulators are subject t ...
A Circuit for Detection of Interaural Time Differences in the Brain
... measurements because of the limits of resolution with the light microscope. Despite the possibilities of artifact, there is generally good agreement between measurements made from HRP material and that examined with other techniques (Cullheim and Kellerth, 1978). Six of 7 owls used in neurophysiolog ...
... measurements because of the limits of resolution with the light microscope. Despite the possibilities of artifact, there is generally good agreement between measurements made from HRP material and that examined with other techniques (Cullheim and Kellerth, 1978). Six of 7 owls used in neurophysiolog ...
PDF
... or ‘pioneer’ neuron, blocks the migration of follower FBMNs into r5. This demonstrates that the pioneer neuron and its axon are crucial to the early migration of FBMNs. Later migration from r5 to r6 is not dependent on pioneer neurons but on the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), a bundle of axon ...
... or ‘pioneer’ neuron, blocks the migration of follower FBMNs into r5. This demonstrates that the pioneer neuron and its axon are crucial to the early migration of FBMNs. Later migration from r5 to r6 is not dependent on pioneer neurons but on the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), a bundle of axon ...
Neural Networks
... Recently, I decided to give it away as a professional reference implementation that covers network aspects handled within this work, while at the same time being faster and more efficient than lots of other implementations due to the original high-performance simulation design goal. Those of you who ...
... Recently, I decided to give it away as a professional reference implementation that covers network aspects handled within this work, while at the same time being faster and more efficient than lots of other implementations due to the original high-performance simulation design goal. Those of you who ...
Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Encode a Quantitative Reward
... error. Importantly, however, systems of this type do not necessarily account for all of the behavior produced by all animals under all circumstances. If an animal faces an environment in which a strategy of alternating sequentially between two responses yields a reward on every trial, then the outpu ...
... error. Importantly, however, systems of this type do not necessarily account for all of the behavior produced by all animals under all circumstances. If an animal faces an environment in which a strategy of alternating sequentially between two responses yields a reward on every trial, then the outpu ...
Diversity of laminar connections linking periarcuate and
... CB or PV We employed immunocytochemical procedures using fluorescent probes to visualize the distribution of CB or PV in lateral intraparietal areas along with fluorescent tracers (FE). Matched series of sections were incubated in primary antibody for either CB or PV (as described above). The tissue w ...
... CB or PV We employed immunocytochemical procedures using fluorescent probes to visualize the distribution of CB or PV in lateral intraparietal areas along with fluorescent tracers (FE). Matched series of sections were incubated in primary antibody for either CB or PV (as described above). The tissue w ...
Read as PDF
... July 15, 2009; doi:10.1152/jn.00418.2009. Two distinct mechanisms mediate potentiating effects of depolarization on synaptic transmission. Recently there has been renewed interest in a type of plasticity in which a neuron’s somatic membrane potential influences synaptic transmission. We study mechan ...
... July 15, 2009; doi:10.1152/jn.00418.2009. Two distinct mechanisms mediate potentiating effects of depolarization on synaptic transmission. Recently there has been renewed interest in a type of plasticity in which a neuron’s somatic membrane potential influences synaptic transmission. We study mechan ...
Timing in reward and decision processes
... Many behavioural processes are affected by rewards. Unlike the senses, time intervals cannot be directly perceived via specific receptors but must be constructed by the brain. Humans and animals estimate time intervals with great accuracy [1,2], and this accuracy decays proportionally with delay [3– ...
... Many behavioural processes are affected by rewards. Unlike the senses, time intervals cannot be directly perceived via specific receptors but must be constructed by the brain. Humans and animals estimate time intervals with great accuracy [1,2], and this accuracy decays proportionally with delay [3– ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.