Neural Networks
... quirements of my readers are covered well. reading, but also by coding? On the Snipe download page, look for the Use SNIPE! section "Getting started with Snipe" – you will find an easy step-by-step guide conSNIPE 1 is a well-documented JAVA li- cerning Snipe and its documentation, as brary that impl ...
... quirements of my readers are covered well. reading, but also by coding? On the Snipe download page, look for the Use SNIPE! section "Getting started with Snipe" – you will find an easy step-by-step guide conSNIPE 1 is a well-documented JAVA li- cerning Snipe and its documentation, as brary that impl ...
Neural Networks
... quirements of my readers are covered well. reading, but also by coding? On the Snipe download page, look for the Use SNIPE! section "Getting started with Snipe" – you will find an easy step-by-step guide conSNIPE 1 is a well-documented JAVA li- cerning Snipe and its documentation, as brary that impl ...
... quirements of my readers are covered well. reading, but also by coding? On the Snipe download page, look for the Use SNIPE! section "Getting started with Snipe" – you will find an easy step-by-step guide conSNIPE 1 is a well-documented JAVA li- cerning Snipe and its documentation, as brary that impl ...
Galanin-like peptide: a key player in the homeostatic regulation of
... reduce food intake, whereas in mice, GALP has an anorectic function. Furthermore, GALP regulates plasma luteinizing hormone levels through activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-producing neurons, suggesting that it is also involved in the reproductive system. This review summarizes the resear ...
... reduce food intake, whereas in mice, GALP has an anorectic function. Furthermore, GALP regulates plasma luteinizing hormone levels through activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-producing neurons, suggesting that it is also involved in the reproductive system. This review summarizes the resear ...
Muscle tone regulation during REM sleep
... generation of REM sleep are located in the brainstem. A series of transection studies from Michel Jouvet’s lab, and later from Jerry Siegel’s lab, showed that the REM sleep generating neurons are localized in the pontine tegmentum (Jouvet, 1965; Siegel et al., 1984, 1986; Siegel, 2011). In line with ...
... generation of REM sleep are located in the brainstem. A series of transection studies from Michel Jouvet’s lab, and later from Jerry Siegel’s lab, showed that the REM sleep generating neurons are localized in the pontine tegmentum (Jouvet, 1965; Siegel et al., 1984, 1986; Siegel, 2011). In line with ...
CRANIAL NERVES: Functional Anatomy
... to XII to the brain stem (midbrain, pons and medulla). The three enlargements of the neural tube from which the brain develops are as follows: Forebrain, further subdivided into two components: telencephalon (the cerebral hemispheres) and diencephalon (the thalamic structures surrounding the third v ...
... to XII to the brain stem (midbrain, pons and medulla). The three enlargements of the neural tube from which the brain develops are as follows: Forebrain, further subdivided into two components: telencephalon (the cerebral hemispheres) and diencephalon (the thalamic structures surrounding the third v ...
response inhibition is differentially related to instrumental and
... group were instructed to either regulate or not to regulate their emotions during the competition. Response inhibition was impaired after the competition when healthy participants were not required to regulate emotions. The ADHD group showed an overall lack of emotional regulation and repsonse inhib ...
... group were instructed to either regulate or not to regulate their emotions during the competition. Response inhibition was impaired after the competition when healthy participants were not required to regulate emotions. The ADHD group showed an overall lack of emotional regulation and repsonse inhib ...
Dopaminergic control of the globus pallidus and its impact
... control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influence on the output structures of the BG circuitry. The action of dopamine is mediated by ...
... control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influence on the output structures of the BG circuitry. The action of dopamine is mediated by ...
Examination of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
... pyriform cortex. In addition, lower level of D3 expression can be found in hypothalamic neurons [15, 16, 31]. Although the main function of D3 is to protect tissues from excess THs, the systemic administration of thyrotoxic doses of T3 induces a surprisingly modest increase in D3 expression of the h ...
... pyriform cortex. In addition, lower level of D3 expression can be found in hypothalamic neurons [15, 16, 31]. Although the main function of D3 is to protect tissues from excess THs, the systemic administration of thyrotoxic doses of T3 induces a surprisingly modest increase in D3 expression of the h ...
Neuromorphic computing
... Inside a single time step, each neuron is decoupled from the others, thus the simulation of a single time step is an embarrassingly parallel problem. In fact, NEST natively supports MPI and the parallelization of the loop. Moreover, MPI is supported on High Performance Computing platforms! ...
... Inside a single time step, each neuron is decoupled from the others, thus the simulation of a single time step is an embarrassingly parallel problem. In fact, NEST natively supports MPI and the parallelization of the loop. Moreover, MPI is supported on High Performance Computing platforms! ...
$doc.title
... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
Propofol Inhibits Neuronal Firing Activities in the Caudal
... CVLM are mainly GABAergic, in contrast to the glutamatergic neurons in the RVLM.(14) However, in our study, propofol displayed similar actions on neuronal firings in these 2 areas. In other words, propofol not only inhibited neuronal firings in the pressor area, the RVLM, but also inhibited neuronal ...
... CVLM are mainly GABAergic, in contrast to the glutamatergic neurons in the RVLM.(14) However, in our study, propofol displayed similar actions on neuronal firings in these 2 areas. In other words, propofol not only inhibited neuronal firings in the pressor area, the RVLM, but also inhibited neuronal ...
The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus
... drives these neurons, and because the receptive field structure of these neurons appears nearly the same as the retinal ganglion cells driving them (concentric), the cells and the structure are tagged ‘relay’, implying that nothing happens. Given the sophisticated anatomy and exquisite microcircuits ...
... drives these neurons, and because the receptive field structure of these neurons appears nearly the same as the retinal ganglion cells driving them (concentric), the cells and the structure are tagged ‘relay’, implying that nothing happens. Given the sophisticated anatomy and exquisite microcircuits ...
Cystatin C prevents degeneration of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons
... striatum on DA neurons. Thus, the striatum appears to play a role in self-neuronal protection when neurodegeneration of midbrain DA neurons occurs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neural plasticity of the DA-denervated striatum are far from being elucidated. Cystatin C, a cysteine p ...
... striatum on DA neurons. Thus, the striatum appears to play a role in self-neuronal protection when neurodegeneration of midbrain DA neurons occurs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neural plasticity of the DA-denervated striatum are far from being elucidated. Cystatin C, a cysteine p ...
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells
... nuclear staining that was absent in Mecp2/y neurons (Fig. 1C). To test whether wild-type and Mecp2/y ESC-derived neurons begin to express synaptic markers at similar rates, we monitored between day 1 and day 21 the levels of synaptophysin, a protein associated with presynaptic vesicles. As previou ...
... nuclear staining that was absent in Mecp2/y neurons (Fig. 1C). To test whether wild-type and Mecp2/y ESC-derived neurons begin to express synaptic markers at similar rates, we monitored between day 1 and day 21 the levels of synaptophysin, a protein associated with presynaptic vesicles. As previou ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... order to establish precise connectivity patterns (for a review, see Guillemot, 2007). However, the exact mechanisms that fine-tune the specification of the myriad of neuronal subtypes remain unknown. This is exemplified by cell-type specification in vertebrate retinal development, during which one g ...
... order to establish precise connectivity patterns (for a review, see Guillemot, 2007). However, the exact mechanisms that fine-tune the specification of the myriad of neuronal subtypes remain unknown. This is exemplified by cell-type specification in vertebrate retinal development, during which one g ...
The role of the basal ganglia in reinforcement learning
... To dissociate these possibilities I have trained two monkeys on a probabilistic conditioning task with food, neutral and airpuff outcomes. I recorded the activity of single neurons in six distinct areas of the basal ganglia of awake behaving monkeys from both basal ganglia neuro-modulators (midbrain ...
... To dissociate these possibilities I have trained two monkeys on a probabilistic conditioning task with food, neutral and airpuff outcomes. I recorded the activity of single neurons in six distinct areas of the basal ganglia of awake behaving monkeys from both basal ganglia neuro-modulators (midbrain ...
The Role of Neurotrophins in Neurotransmitter Release
... high-frequency synaptic transmission, synapses may use two alternative modes of synaptic vesicle retrieval, the conventional slow endosomal recycling or a faster rapid retrieval at the active zone, referred to as “kiss-and-run.” By modulating Ca2+ microdomains associated with voltage-gated Ca2+ chan ...
... high-frequency synaptic transmission, synapses may use two alternative modes of synaptic vesicle retrieval, the conventional slow endosomal recycling or a faster rapid retrieval at the active zone, referred to as “kiss-and-run.” By modulating Ca2+ microdomains associated with voltage-gated Ca2+ chan ...
First-in-first-out item replacement in a model of
... and retrieval that alternate in each cycle of a theta rhythm in the recurrent networks that receive spike input from that buffer (Koene et al., 2003; Koene and Hasselmo, 2005). By contrast, Jensen et al. (1996) relied on temporally separated periods of at least several seconds that are devoted exclu ...
... and retrieval that alternate in each cycle of a theta rhythm in the recurrent networks that receive spike input from that buffer (Koene et al., 2003; Koene and Hasselmo, 2005). By contrast, Jensen et al. (1996) relied on temporally separated periods of at least several seconds that are devoted exclu ...
The Dialectics of Hebb and Homeostasis within
... detected and summed over time to trigger Hebbian plasticity in vivo. Nonetheless, it seems likely that under some learning conditions Hebbian changes can happen quickly, so that the speed of homeostatic mechanisms becomes an important concern if they are assigned the task of preventing runaway poten ...
... detected and summed over time to trigger Hebbian plasticity in vivo. Nonetheless, it seems likely that under some learning conditions Hebbian changes can happen quickly, so that the speed of homeostatic mechanisms becomes an important concern if they are assigned the task of preventing runaway poten ...
Do superior colliculus projection zones in the inferior pulvinar
... Projections of the superior colliculus to the pulvinar complex were studied after large injections of WGA-HRP into the superior colliculus of three owl monkeys. The full extent of the injections varied, however, with the largest injection occurring in Case 97-53, where the superficial layers were de ...
... Projections of the superior colliculus to the pulvinar complex were studied after large injections of WGA-HRP into the superior colliculus of three owl monkeys. The full extent of the injections varied, however, with the largest injection occurring in Case 97-53, where the superficial layers were de ...
Afferent Fiber Remodeling in the Somatosensory Thalamus of Mice
... recruited onto a V2 VPM neuron [infraorbital nerve cut (IONC) model; Takeuchi et al., 2012]. Together with evidence accumulated in in vivo studies, we hypothesized that newly recruited lemniscal fibers originate from different sources, other than the whisker sensory principle trigeminal nucleus (PrV ...
... recruited onto a V2 VPM neuron [infraorbital nerve cut (IONC) model; Takeuchi et al., 2012]. Together with evidence accumulated in in vivo studies, we hypothesized that newly recruited lemniscal fibers originate from different sources, other than the whisker sensory principle trigeminal nucleus (PrV ...
Receptive Fields and Binaural Interactions for Virtual
... C. T. Yin. Receptive fields and binaural interactions for virtual-space stimuli in the cat inferior colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 2833–2851, 1999. Sound localization depends on multiple acoustic cues such as interaural differences in time (ITD) and level (ILD) and spectral features introduced by ...
... C. T. Yin. Receptive fields and binaural interactions for virtual-space stimuli in the cat inferior colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 2833–2851, 1999. Sound localization depends on multiple acoustic cues such as interaural differences in time (ITD) and level (ILD) and spectral features introduced by ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
PATHWAYS FOR EMOTION : INTERACTIONS OF PREFRONTAL AND THE RHESUS MONKEY
... AV and AT, Table 1). We then made direct comparisons in two cases after injections of distinct £uorescent tracers in both orbitofrontal and temporal areas (cases BA and BC). This method allowed simultaneous visualization of the populations of neurons in the amygdala projecting to temporal and orbito ...
... AV and AT, Table 1). We then made direct comparisons in two cases after injections of distinct £uorescent tracers in both orbitofrontal and temporal areas (cases BA and BC). This method allowed simultaneous visualization of the populations of neurons in the amygdala projecting to temporal and orbito ...
Resonance properties of different neuronal populations in the
... field potential supports the model of phases of encoding and retrieval. The phasic changes in current sinks result from the synaptic transmissions. In vitro studies revealed that stimulation on the peak of theta wave causes LTP, while stimulation on the trough causes long-term depression (LTD). LTP ...
... field potential supports the model of phases of encoding and retrieval. The phasic changes in current sinks result from the synaptic transmissions. In vitro studies revealed that stimulation on the peak of theta wave causes LTP, while stimulation on the trough causes long-term depression (LTD). LTP ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.