Ear manipulations help model neuroplasticity limitations
... turn, sends signals through efferent (motor) neurons to modulate the sensitivity of the hair cells (Simmons et al., 2011) that are highly conserved across vertebrates (Köppl, 2011). The vestibular sensory epithelia consist of the utricle and saccule for the perception of linear acceleration and grav ...
... turn, sends signals through efferent (motor) neurons to modulate the sensitivity of the hair cells (Simmons et al., 2011) that are highly conserved across vertebrates (Köppl, 2011). The vestibular sensory epithelia consist of the utricle and saccule for the perception of linear acceleration and grav ...
In 1978 Mountcastle hypothesized that the smallest functional unit of
... more in depth study of these evoked macrocolumnar and minicolumnar patterns have not yet been performed. In order to characterize the evoked spatio-temporal patterns of activity within the responding SI region, OIS images were collected and analyzed using techniques that were able to quantify the di ...
... more in depth study of these evoked macrocolumnar and minicolumnar patterns have not yet been performed. In order to characterize the evoked spatio-temporal patterns of activity within the responding SI region, OIS images were collected and analyzed using techniques that were able to quantify the di ...
Gentle Mechanical Skin Stimulation Inhibits Micturition Contractions
... Stimulation for 1 min inhibited bladder contractions during and after stimulation for several minutes. Stimuli applied to other areas such as the hind limb or abdomen also produced significant inhibition, but perineal stimulation produced the most consistent inhibition. The inhibitory effect of peri ...
... Stimulation for 1 min inhibited bladder contractions during and after stimulation for several minutes. Stimuli applied to other areas such as the hind limb or abdomen also produced significant inhibition, but perineal stimulation produced the most consistent inhibition. The inhibitory effect of peri ...
view - E-LIB Bremen - Universität Bremen
... can be modelled with high precision by using compact mathematical models with only few parameters. There are competitions held where the goal is to predict the electrical behavior of neuron, and these models reach a very high accuracy in the prediction of neuronal spike times [3]. With modern superc ...
... can be modelled with high precision by using compact mathematical models with only few parameters. There are competitions held where the goal is to predict the electrical behavior of neuron, and these models reach a very high accuracy in the prediction of neuronal spike times [3]. With modern superc ...
Cliff - USD Biology
... NAc function is neither Necessary nor Sufficient for instrumental reward learning ◦ For 1° rewards or conditioned reinforcement ...
... NAc function is neither Necessary nor Sufficient for instrumental reward learning ◦ For 1° rewards or conditioned reinforcement ...
to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness
... consumption when given centrally but Npy-null mutant mice fail to demonstrate a significant feeding phenotype. Anorectic pathways, such as those involving alphamelanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and leptin appear to be less redundant since null mouse mutants for these factors and their receptors ...
... consumption when given centrally but Npy-null mutant mice fail to demonstrate a significant feeding phenotype. Anorectic pathways, such as those involving alphamelanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and leptin appear to be less redundant since null mouse mutants for these factors and their receptors ...
Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the
... posterior medial cortices, and the sparsest in anterior lateral prefrontal areas, especially area 10. Prefrontal projection neurons directed to the amygdala originated in layer 5, but significant numbers were also found in layers 2 and 3 in posterior medial and orbitofrontal cortices. Amygdalar axon ...
... posterior medial cortices, and the sparsest in anterior lateral prefrontal areas, especially area 10. Prefrontal projection neurons directed to the amygdala originated in layer 5, but significant numbers were also found in layers 2 and 3 in posterior medial and orbitofrontal cortices. Amygdalar axon ...
Role of the Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
... The basal ganglia (BG) play an important role in motor control, reinforcement learning, and perceptual decision making. Modeling and experimental evidence suggest that, in a speed–accuracy tradeoff, the corticostriatal pathway can adaptively adjust a decision threshold (the amount of information nee ...
... The basal ganglia (BG) play an important role in motor control, reinforcement learning, and perceptual decision making. Modeling and experimental evidence suggest that, in a speed–accuracy tradeoff, the corticostriatal pathway can adaptively adjust a decision threshold (the amount of information nee ...
Descending motor pathways and the spinal
... the lateral motor column and are located in the ventral part of the ventral hom, lateral to the axial muscle motoneurons, but ventral to the intrinsic limb muscle motoneurons (Sterling and Kuypers, 1967; Holstege et al., 1987) (Fig. 2). A very special place is occupied by a cell group in the most ve ...
... the lateral motor column and are located in the ventral part of the ventral hom, lateral to the axial muscle motoneurons, but ventral to the intrinsic limb muscle motoneurons (Sterling and Kuypers, 1967; Holstege et al., 1987) (Fig. 2). A very special place is occupied by a cell group in the most ve ...
Prefrontal Projections to the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... revealed two distinct classes of corticoreticular terminals synapsing with GABA/parvalbumin-positive dendritic shafts of TRN neurons. Most labeled boutons from prefrontal axons were small, but a second class of large boutons was also prominent. This is in contrast to the homogeneous small TRN termin ...
... revealed two distinct classes of corticoreticular terminals synapsing with GABA/parvalbumin-positive dendritic shafts of TRN neurons. Most labeled boutons from prefrontal axons were small, but a second class of large boutons was also prominent. This is in contrast to the homogeneous small TRN termin ...
Orexin/Hypocretin: A Neuropeptide at the Interface of Sleep, Energy
... cells (Tang et al., 2008). Moreover, food deprivation exerted a differential effect on coupling between orexin receptors and G proteins (Karteris et al., 2005). C. Orexin-Producing Neurons Orexin-producing neurons (orexin neurons) are exclusively localized to the perifornical area and the lateral an ...
... cells (Tang et al., 2008). Moreover, food deprivation exerted a differential effect on coupling between orexin receptors and G proteins (Karteris et al., 2005). C. Orexin-Producing Neurons Orexin-producing neurons (orexin neurons) are exclusively localized to the perifornical area and the lateral an ...
The Reorganization of Primary Auditory Cortex by Invasion of
... synapses and thalamocortical synapses (Sadaka et al. 2003) and dendritic spine density in layers 1 and 2/3 of barrel cortex (Briner et al. 2010). A decrease in dendritic spine density has also been found in visual cortex of visually-deprived animals (Montey and Quinlan 2011). In some cases, a decrea ...
... synapses and thalamocortical synapses (Sadaka et al. 2003) and dendritic spine density in layers 1 and 2/3 of barrel cortex (Briner et al. 2010). A decrease in dendritic spine density has also been found in visual cortex of visually-deprived animals (Montey and Quinlan 2011). In some cases, a decrea ...
Bischoff_Thesis_notes
... cerebellum may be specialized in using sensory information and acquiring in motor skills basal ganglia may be more involved in movements which are either internally generated or guided by external cues as well as the learning of sequential movements ...
... cerebellum may be specialized in using sensory information and acquiring in motor skills basal ganglia may be more involved in movements which are either internally generated or guided by external cues as well as the learning of sequential movements ...
The amygdala: securing pleasure and avoiding pain
... The amygdala has traditionally been associated with fear, mediating the impact of negative emotions on memory. However, this view does not fully encapsulate the function of the amygdala, nor the impact that processing in this structure has on the motivational limbic corticostriatal circuitry of whic ...
... The amygdala has traditionally been associated with fear, mediating the impact of negative emotions on memory. However, this view does not fully encapsulate the function of the amygdala, nor the impact that processing in this structure has on the motivational limbic corticostriatal circuitry of whic ...
Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... antibody to GFP at DIV14, DIV21, DIV28, DIV35, and DIV42, as described above. All dendritic spines on one entire main dendrite per neuron (⬎180 m in length) were traced directly under a Nikon Eclipse E800 microscope with an oil-immersion lens (Nikon; Plan APO 60⫻/NA 1.40) using Neurolucida software ...
... antibody to GFP at DIV14, DIV21, DIV28, DIV35, and DIV42, as described above. All dendritic spines on one entire main dendrite per neuron (⬎180 m in length) were traced directly under a Nikon Eclipse E800 microscope with an oil-immersion lens (Nikon; Plan APO 60⫻/NA 1.40) using Neurolucida software ...
After all, it`s still replication: A reply to Jacob on simulation and mirror
... theorists would be happy with the following statement of their basic point: the ability the mind has to understand other minds is based on its ability to replicate others’ mental states and processes. Hereafter, I will use ‘simulation’ and ‘replication’ (and their derivatives) as interchangeable te ...
... theorists would be happy with the following statement of their basic point: the ability the mind has to understand other minds is based on its ability to replicate others’ mental states and processes. Hereafter, I will use ‘simulation’ and ‘replication’ (and their derivatives) as interchangeable te ...
Structure and Function of the Brain Serotonin System
... Before their introduction, brain anatomy could be summarized with black arrows indicating the connections between one group of cells and their targets along a particular pathway. With the advent of these new techniques, the dynamics and organization of specific neurochemical systems could be studied ...
... Before their introduction, brain anatomy could be summarized with black arrows indicating the connections between one group of cells and their targets along a particular pathway. With the advent of these new techniques, the dynamics and organization of specific neurochemical systems could be studied ...
Essential Roles for GSK-3s and GSK-3
... studies showed that formation of multiple long axons was induced in hippocampal cultures in which GSK-3 activity was inhibited (Jiang et al., 2005; Yoshimura et al., 2005), consistent with the idea that global elimination of GSK-3 activity enhances axon growth. Thus, from the published work to date, ...
... studies showed that formation of multiple long axons was induced in hippocampal cultures in which GSK-3 activity was inhibited (Jiang et al., 2005; Yoshimura et al., 2005), consistent with the idea that global elimination of GSK-3 activity enhances axon growth. Thus, from the published work to date, ...
Protracted Synaptogenesis after Activity
... thought to rely primarily on activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Whereas short-term information storage of a few hours duration is usually explained in terms of acute changes in the strength of synaptic connections that occur with long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term memory is thought to invo ...
... thought to rely primarily on activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Whereas short-term information storage of a few hours duration is usually explained in terms of acute changes in the strength of synaptic connections that occur with long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term memory is thought to invo ...
Implication of novel neurotransmitter systems in the regulation of
... 2.1. Regulation of reproduction in mammals The adaptive regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is crucial in the successful reproduction among the vertebrates. The central unit of this axis is formed by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing neurons which release the ...
... 2.1. Regulation of reproduction in mammals The adaptive regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is crucial in the successful reproduction among the vertebrates. The central unit of this axis is formed by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing neurons which release the ...
Functional Organization of the Gustatory System in the Brains of
... Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses ...
... Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
... 1 M ACh evoked a membrane depolarization of 3.2 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, left) and 100 M ACh evoked a depolarization of 8.8 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, right). We then studied the pharmacology of the nicotine receptors in POMC neurons. The experiments were conducted in the presence of TTX (0.5 M). ...
... 1 M ACh evoked a membrane depolarization of 3.2 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, left) and 100 M ACh evoked a depolarization of 8.8 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, right). We then studied the pharmacology of the nicotine receptors in POMC neurons. The experiments were conducted in the presence of TTX (0.5 M). ...
Martin, Neuroscientist 2005
... The particular pattern of axon collateral branching into spinal segments constrains which spinal circuits a corticospinal neuron can engage, and therefore the neuron’s functions. This level of corticospinal axon targeting is mediated by target-derived diffusible substances. Although this process is ...
... The particular pattern of axon collateral branching into spinal segments constrains which spinal circuits a corticospinal neuron can engage, and therefore the neuron’s functions. This level of corticospinal axon targeting is mediated by target-derived diffusible substances. Although this process is ...
Technologies émergentes de mémoire résistive pour les systèmes
... (CBRAM) and Metal-Oxide based Memory (OXRAM) can play in dedicated neuromorphic hardware. We focus on the emulation of synaptic plasticity effects such as long-term potentiation (LTP), long term depression (LTD) and spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) with RRAM synapses. We developed novel low- ...
... (CBRAM) and Metal-Oxide based Memory (OXRAM) can play in dedicated neuromorphic hardware. We focus on the emulation of synaptic plasticity effects such as long-term potentiation (LTP), long term depression (LTD) and spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) with RRAM synapses. We developed novel low- ...
Neuron 2013 Bartolini
... on the other hand, control and orchestrate the activity of pyramidal cells. Pyramidal cells are a highly heterogeneous group of neurons with different morphological, neurochemical, and electrophysiological features. A basic classification of pyramidal cells is based on their connectivity, which is r ...
... on the other hand, control and orchestrate the activity of pyramidal cells. Pyramidal cells are a highly heterogeneous group of neurons with different morphological, neurochemical, and electrophysiological features. A basic classification of pyramidal cells is based on their connectivity, which is r ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.