Discrete coding of stimulus value, reward expectation, and reward
... (CS) and subsequent reward (US) is varied parametrically across the full probability range (p = 0 to ...
... (CS) and subsequent reward (US) is varied parametrically across the full probability range (p = 0 to ...
Hippocampus, 22, 1703-1719
... learning-dependent reductions in the amplitude and duration of calcium-dependent postburst afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs), accompanied by other increases in excitability (i.e., increased firing rate, or reduced spike-frequency accommodation) after trace eyeblink conditioning or spatial learning, wit ...
... learning-dependent reductions in the amplitude and duration of calcium-dependent postburst afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs), accompanied by other increases in excitability (i.e., increased firing rate, or reduced spike-frequency accommodation) after trace eyeblink conditioning or spatial learning, wit ...
Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and
... (52/115) fired phasically at the onset of the CS+1 and/or CS+2 cues (23% of these fired to the CS+1, 21% of these fired to the CS+2, and 56% of these fired to both) (Figs. 2 and 4 and Fig. S1). The phasic response consisted of a rapid climb in firing rate to reach a peak within 200 ms of each CS+ tone on ...
... (52/115) fired phasically at the onset of the CS+1 and/or CS+2 cues (23% of these fired to the CS+1, 21% of these fired to the CS+2, and 56% of these fired to both) (Figs. 2 and 4 and Fig. S1). The phasic response consisted of a rapid climb in firing rate to reach a peak within 200 ms of each CS+ tone on ...
Stretch reflexes. (Final).
... Signals sent to a whole muscle (like the biceps) causing it to contract, travel from the spinal cord through alpha motor neurons. When this occurs, only extrafusal muscle fibers would contract. Meanwhile, the intrafusal muscle fibers within the muscle spindles would go slack and information from the ...
... Signals sent to a whole muscle (like the biceps) causing it to contract, travel from the spinal cord through alpha motor neurons. When this occurs, only extrafusal muscle fibers would contract. Meanwhile, the intrafusal muscle fibers within the muscle spindles would go slack and information from the ...
L8-Physiology of Sleep and EEG 2013
... (eg, mental arithmetic, stress, opening eyes, any form of sensory stimulation). Then become replaced with irregular low voltage activity. Desynchronization as it represents breakup of synchronized neuronal activity. An abnormal exception is alpha coma, most often caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalo ...
... (eg, mental arithmetic, stress, opening eyes, any form of sensory stimulation). Then become replaced with irregular low voltage activity. Desynchronization as it represents breakup of synchronized neuronal activity. An abnormal exception is alpha coma, most often caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalo ...
the organization of behavioral repertoire in motor cortex
... though work on other animals is also considered. Certain actions may be typical of an animal’s motor repertoire, such as reaching to grasp an object, manipulating an object with the fingers, putting an object in the mouth, or making defensive movements to block an impending object. How are these beha ...
... though work on other animals is also considered. Certain actions may be typical of an animal’s motor repertoire, such as reaching to grasp an object, manipulating an object with the fingers, putting an object in the mouth, or making defensive movements to block an impending object. How are these beha ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... chance clusterings in the timing of presynaptic spikes26. The neuron acts somewhat like a coincidence detector and produces an irregular pattern of postsynaptic firing. Presynaptic spikes are more likely to occur slightly before than slightly after postsynaptic action potentials in this situation, b ...
... chance clusterings in the timing of presynaptic spikes26. The neuron acts somewhat like a coincidence detector and produces an irregular pattern of postsynaptic firing. Presynaptic spikes are more likely to occur slightly before than slightly after postsynaptic action potentials in this situation, b ...
REGENERATION OF AN IDENTIFIED CENTRAL NEURON IN THE
... edge of the ganglion, the support was used to tilt the lengths of hundreds of micrometers, developed complex terminal ganglion about 45” laterally to permit tangential branching patterns, and invaded regions of the nervous access to the soma by a microelectrode. All experiments system never occupied ...
... edge of the ganglion, the support was used to tilt the lengths of hundreds of micrometers, developed complex terminal ganglion about 45” laterally to permit tangential branching patterns, and invaded regions of the nervous access to the soma by a microelectrode. All experiments system never occupied ...
BMC Neuroscience
... The second analysis addressed this question by considering the relationship of the structural type of pairs of connected cortices. This analysis was motivated by our previous findings that cortical type is highly correlated with the laminar pattern of ipsilateral corticocortical connections [15]. St ...
... The second analysis addressed this question by considering the relationship of the structural type of pairs of connected cortices. This analysis was motivated by our previous findings that cortical type is highly correlated with the laminar pattern of ipsilateral corticocortical connections [15]. St ...
Dynamics of sensory thalamocortical synaptic networks during
... Guillery, 1996). The VPM receives its primary sensory input from the principal trigeminal nucleus through the lemniscal pathway (for review Diamond, 1995). Lemniscal terminals form glutamatergic synaptic contacts with the soma and proximal dendrites of VPM neurons (Spacek and Lieberman, 1974; Willia ...
... Guillery, 1996). The VPM receives its primary sensory input from the principal trigeminal nucleus through the lemniscal pathway (for review Diamond, 1995). Lemniscal terminals form glutamatergic synaptic contacts with the soma and proximal dendrites of VPM neurons (Spacek and Lieberman, 1974; Willia ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... SAP and vertebral nerve activity (VNA) were recorded. Neurons in the FTG, NA, DMV and CVLM were stimulated by microinjection of sodium glutamate (25 mM Glu, 70 nl). To study if the NA, DMV, and CVLM relayed the cardioinhibitory messages from the FTG, 24 mM kainic acid (KA, 100 nl) was used as an exc ...
... SAP and vertebral nerve activity (VNA) were recorded. Neurons in the FTG, NA, DMV and CVLM were stimulated by microinjection of sodium glutamate (25 mM Glu, 70 nl). To study if the NA, DMV, and CVLM relayed the cardioinhibitory messages from the FTG, 24 mM kainic acid (KA, 100 nl) was used as an exc ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... (Hamburg, Germany) BX50 microscope at a final magnification of 10003 (using a 1003, 1.25 NA objective). The reconstructions provided the basis for the quantitative morphological analysis (see below). The soma was reconstructed by drawing a contour along its largest circumference. To do so, the soma ci ...
... (Hamburg, Germany) BX50 microscope at a final magnification of 10003 (using a 1003, 1.25 NA objective). The reconstructions provided the basis for the quantitative morphological analysis (see below). The soma was reconstructed by drawing a contour along its largest circumference. To do so, the soma ci ...
Neural Control of the Pancreas
... parts of the GI tract distributed in anatomically distinct mediolateral columns. Neurons in the medial part of the DMV project to the proximal GI tract, whereas neurons in the lateral DMV project to the more distal parts of the GI tract (73). Vagal preganglionic DMV neurons that innervate the pancre ...
... parts of the GI tract distributed in anatomically distinct mediolateral columns. Neurons in the medial part of the DMV project to the proximal GI tract, whereas neurons in the lateral DMV project to the more distal parts of the GI tract (73). Vagal preganglionic DMV neurons that innervate the pancre ...
Experience-Dependent Sharpening of Visual Shape Selectivity in
... novel and 20 familiar stimuli, colorful shapes, drawings, and photographs that were randomly chosen from a large bank of stored images (from the World Wide Web and Corel Image Library, Fig. 2). Stimuli were made familiar by giving the monkeys at least 14 sessions (2 weeks of daily sessions) of exper ...
... novel and 20 familiar stimuli, colorful shapes, drawings, and photographs that were randomly chosen from a large bank of stored images (from the World Wide Web and Corel Image Library, Fig. 2). Stimuli were made familiar by giving the monkeys at least 14 sessions (2 weeks of daily sessions) of exper ...
Neuronal Activity in Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata during Target
... driven antidromically. The number of antidromic neurons was not large enough (n ⫽ 9) to draw conclusions about the projection pattern to the SC. Our purpose for using the antidromic technique was to confirm that our recordings were within the SNr. Behavioral procedures. All behavioral paradigms and ...
... driven antidromically. The number of antidromic neurons was not large enough (n ⫽ 9) to draw conclusions about the projection pattern to the SC. Our purpose for using the antidromic technique was to confirm that our recordings were within the SNr. Behavioral procedures. All behavioral paradigms and ...
Read as PDF
... pivot point. To attach the SRT to the lever, one end of a piece of string was tied to the SRT. The other end of the string had a loop that was hooked over a metal hook on one end of the lever. This preparation was used in experiments in which SRT contractions were monitored and in some experiments i ...
... pivot point. To attach the SRT to the lever, one end of a piece of string was tied to the SRT. The other end of the string had a loop that was hooked over a metal hook on one end of the lever. This preparation was used in experiments in which SRT contractions were monitored and in some experiments i ...
Full Text - Cerebral Cortex
... AS, arcuate sulcus; PS, principal sulcus; MOS, medial orbital sulcus; LOS, lateral orbital sulcus; CS, central sulcus; LF, lateral fissure; STS, superior temporal sulcus. Figure 1. Sequences of events in three different kinds of delayed reaction time tasks and the order of the delivery of different ...
... AS, arcuate sulcus; PS, principal sulcus; MOS, medial orbital sulcus; LOS, lateral orbital sulcus; CS, central sulcus; LF, lateral fissure; STS, superior temporal sulcus. Figure 1. Sequences of events in three different kinds of delayed reaction time tasks and the order of the delivery of different ...
jneurosci.org - INI Institute of Neuroinformatics
... spatially separated regions with intense axonal arborizations and bouton formation (see Fig. 1). These “patches” have a high bouton density relative to the surrounding zone, and the density distribution therefore resembles a mountain-like landscape, where the mountain peaks indicate the regions of h ...
... spatially separated regions with intense axonal arborizations and bouton formation (see Fig. 1). These “patches” have a high bouton density relative to the surrounding zone, and the density distribution therefore resembles a mountain-like landscape, where the mountain peaks indicate the regions of h ...
Operant conditioning and motor cortex - D
... between PTN activity and volitional movement [15]. Moreover, he reported evidence suggesting that the activity of PTNs was more closely associated with the force required to realize a particular movement, rather than the movement itself [14]. During the course of these seminal studies, an increasing ...
... between PTN activity and volitional movement [15]. Moreover, he reported evidence suggesting that the activity of PTNs was more closely associated with the force required to realize a particular movement, rather than the movement itself [14]. During the course of these seminal studies, an increasing ...
The Role of Histamine H1 , H2 and H3 Receptors on Enteric
... smaller contractions and 300 mM dimaprit did not produce any contraction. Amphamine, another H2 agonist, also produced a contractile response but at lower concentrations ...
... smaller contractions and 300 mM dimaprit did not produce any contraction. Amphamine, another H2 agonist, also produced a contractile response but at lower concentrations ...
Chapter 122: Neurocircuitry Of Parkinson`s Disease
... or the STN is not clear. Thus, studies of the electrophysiologic properties of corticostriatal projection neurons have shown that these neurons are different from corticospinal projection neurons (20,295) and tend to have slower conduction velocities and lower spontaneous rates, and are usually not ...
... or the STN is not clear. Thus, studies of the electrophysiologic properties of corticostriatal projection neurons have shown that these neurons are different from corticospinal projection neurons (20,295) and tend to have slower conduction velocities and lower spontaneous rates, and are usually not ...
Aalborg Universitet Assessment of sensory convergence in the spinal cord
... usually subdivided into the principal sensory nucleus and the spinal tract nucleus, which is further divided into the oralis, interpolaris, and caudalis subnuclei. The most caudal of these, the subnucleus caudalis (Vc), resembles the laminated structure and function of the spinal cord DH, and is for ...
... usually subdivided into the principal sensory nucleus and the spinal tract nucleus, which is further divided into the oralis, interpolaris, and caudalis subnuclei. The most caudal of these, the subnucleus caudalis (Vc), resembles the laminated structure and function of the spinal cord DH, and is for ...
The ventral striatum - Brain imaging of Parkinson`s disease
... territory), the caudate nucleus (associative territory) and the posterior putamen (sensorimotor territory) [15–17]. However, the reduction in the number of neurons from the striatum to the output structures of basal ganglia, the internal segment of globus pallidus (GPi) and the substantia nigra pars ...
... territory), the caudate nucleus (associative territory) and the posterior putamen (sensorimotor territory) [15–17]. However, the reduction in the number of neurons from the striatum to the output structures of basal ganglia, the internal segment of globus pallidus (GPi) and the substantia nigra pars ...
The Organization of Behavioral Repertoire in Motor Cortex
... though work on other animals is also considered. Certain actions may be typical of an animal’s motor repertoire, such as reaching to grasp an object, manipulating an object with the fingers, putting an object in the mouth, or making defensive movements to block an impending object. How are these beha ...
... though work on other animals is also considered. Certain actions may be typical of an animal’s motor repertoire, such as reaching to grasp an object, manipulating an object with the fingers, putting an object in the mouth, or making defensive movements to block an impending object. How are these beha ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.