Information transmission and recovery in neural communications
... associated with the manner in which information from sensory systems is encoded in a neural system. Understanding neural codes is a major issue in neuroscience 关2兴. It is generally agreed that the natural framework in which to quantify the communication process between neurons is information theory ...
... associated with the manner in which information from sensory systems is encoded in a neural system. Understanding neural codes is a major issue in neuroscience 关2兴. It is generally agreed that the natural framework in which to quantify the communication process between neurons is information theory ...
The Functional Organization of Perception and Movement
... illustrates the interaction of sensory and motor systems—how information from the body surface ascends through the sensory relays of the nervous system to the cerebral cortex and is transformed into motor commands that descend to the spinal cord to produce movements. We now have a fairly complete un ...
... illustrates the interaction of sensory and motor systems—how information from the body surface ascends through the sensory relays of the nervous system to the cerebral cortex and is transformed into motor commands that descend to the spinal cord to produce movements. We now have a fairly complete un ...
relation between cell size and response characteristics of
... (see Fig. 3, x). The last 8 units exhibited either an increase in firing rate for both directions of stimulus orientation, thus having a predominant second harmonic of unit response or a periodic modulation but only at higher frequencies of angular tilt (see Fig. 3,0); since the results to be descri ...
... (see Fig. 3, x). The last 8 units exhibited either an increase in firing rate for both directions of stimulus orientation, thus having a predominant second harmonic of unit response or a periodic modulation but only at higher frequencies of angular tilt (see Fig. 3,0); since the results to be descri ...
Modulation of Cortical Activation and Behavioral Arousal by
... FIGURE 1. Cholinergic, orexinergic, and other neurons involved in sleep–wake state control. Sagittal schematic view of the rat brain depicting neurons with their chemical neurotransmitters and pathways by which they influence cortical activity or behavior across the sleep–wake cycle. Wake (W) is cha ...
... FIGURE 1. Cholinergic, orexinergic, and other neurons involved in sleep–wake state control. Sagittal schematic view of the rat brain depicting neurons with their chemical neurotransmitters and pathways by which they influence cortical activity or behavior across the sleep–wake cycle. Wake (W) is cha ...
An Integrate-and-fire Model of Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Activity during Performance of Goal-directed
... spiking activity more directly during behavioral tasks, we use integrate-and-fire neurons (Stein, 1967; Gerstner, 2002; Gerstner and Kistler, 2002) with Hebbian spike-timing-dependent synaptic plasticity (STDP) (Levy and Stewart, 1983). Integrateand-fire neurons simulate the membrane potential respons ...
... spiking activity more directly during behavioral tasks, we use integrate-and-fire neurons (Stein, 1967; Gerstner, 2002; Gerstner and Kistler, 2002) with Hebbian spike-timing-dependent synaptic plasticity (STDP) (Levy and Stewart, 1983). Integrateand-fire neurons simulate the membrane potential respons ...
THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF VISUAL-SACCADIC DECISION MAKING
... better understand the nature of the human body. Galen’s writings suggest that during his lifetime two principle theories dominated the debate about how decisions are made. Both theories argued that the nervous system could be fundamentally divided into two principle components, a sensory limb and a ...
... better understand the nature of the human body. Galen’s writings suggest that during his lifetime two principle theories dominated the debate about how decisions are made. Both theories argued that the nervous system could be fundamentally divided into two principle components, a sensory limb and a ...
Spinal Cord - eCurriculum
... The dorsal root has a swelling, the dorsal root ganglion, which contains the unipolar neuron cell bodies of primary sensory afferent fibers. The ventral root contains motor (efferent) fibers that transmit impulses from multipolar cells in the ventral or lateral horns of the spinal cord to muscles an ...
... The dorsal root has a swelling, the dorsal root ganglion, which contains the unipolar neuron cell bodies of primary sensory afferent fibers. The ventral root contains motor (efferent) fibers that transmit impulses from multipolar cells in the ventral or lateral horns of the spinal cord to muscles an ...
Interval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and
... interval time rather than to the color of the visual signal. This observation indicates that the preSMA is involved in retrieving information pertaining to the duration of time to structure the forthcoming motor behavior. Second, during the preparatory period preceding the initiation of the key-rele ...
... interval time rather than to the color of the visual signal. This observation indicates that the preSMA is involved in retrieving information pertaining to the duration of time to structure the forthcoming motor behavior. Second, during the preparatory period preceding the initiation of the key-rele ...
The mirror mechanism: recent findings and perspectives
... neurons (figure 1). It is now well established that these neurons code the goal of the motor acts [28]. Evidence supporting this point is provided by neurons that discharge when the monkey grasps an object (e.g. food) with its right hand, left hand and the mouth [7]. It is clear that this type of ne ...
... neurons (figure 1). It is now well established that these neurons code the goal of the motor acts [28]. Evidence supporting this point is provided by neurons that discharge when the monkey grasps an object (e.g. food) with its right hand, left hand and the mouth [7]. It is clear that this type of ne ...
Minireview Embarrassed, but Not Depressed: Eye Opening Lessons
... climbing fibers signaling the aversive stimulus and that this inhibition contributes to the complex phenomenon of blocking (for details, see Kim et al., 1998). Medina et al. (2002) hypothesized that the inhibition of climbing fibers could be a signal for extinction and tested this with pharmacologic ...
... climbing fibers signaling the aversive stimulus and that this inhibition contributes to the complex phenomenon of blocking (for details, see Kim et al., 1998). Medina et al. (2002) hypothesized that the inhibition of climbing fibers could be a signal for extinction and tested this with pharmacologic ...
The neuronal structure of the substantia nigra in the guinea pig
... tral, caudal, ventro-caudal, and dorsal directions causing the dendritic field to have a form of a threepointed star. An axon emerging directly from the soma or from the proximal portion of the primary dendrite takes a dorsal or ventral course. The triangular cells have a centrally-located, large, s ...
... tral, caudal, ventro-caudal, and dorsal directions causing the dendritic field to have a form of a threepointed star. An axon emerging directly from the soma or from the proximal portion of the primary dendrite takes a dorsal or ventral course. The triangular cells have a centrally-located, large, s ...
Challenges for Brain Emulation
... between artificial neurons has been used locally. However, since neurons contain many distinct synapses with differing effects on neural behavior, there is high connectivity fanin for off-chip signals. As a result of the high connectivity fan-in and fan-out, with current technologies, direct wiring ...
... between artificial neurons has been used locally. However, since neurons contain many distinct synapses with differing effects on neural behavior, there is high connectivity fanin for off-chip signals. As a result of the high connectivity fan-in and fan-out, with current technologies, direct wiring ...
(addl. 3)
... between artificial neurons has been used locally. However, since neurons contain many distinct synapses with differing effects on neural behavior, there is high connectivity fanin for off-chip signals. As a result of the high connectivity fan-in and fan-out, with current technologies, direct wiring ...
... between artificial neurons has been used locally. However, since neurons contain many distinct synapses with differing effects on neural behavior, there is high connectivity fanin for off-chip signals. As a result of the high connectivity fan-in and fan-out, with current technologies, direct wiring ...
Research paper : Why the Mirror Neurons Cannot Support
... The limits of their high-order cognitive organization do not permit them to understand the goal of this pantomime. This is why their mirror neurons are not activated during observation of such pantomimes. However, this needs be examined experimentally. Assuming that the mirror neurons do not code th ...
... The limits of their high-order cognitive organization do not permit them to understand the goal of this pantomime. This is why their mirror neurons are not activated during observation of such pantomimes. However, this needs be examined experimentally. Assuming that the mirror neurons do not code th ...
What does the eye tell the brain? Development of a system for the large-scale recording of retinal output activity
... with 512 electrodes. Therefore, our goal has been to develop automated neuron identification software that takes into account the multielectrode signal correlations. Moreover, with 1 Terabyte of data to analyze after each experimental run, high data processing speed is necessary. With these factors ...
... with 512 electrodes. Therefore, our goal has been to develop automated neuron identification software that takes into account the multielectrode signal correlations. Moreover, with 1 Terabyte of data to analyze after each experimental run, high data processing speed is necessary. With these factors ...
Human Anatomy - Fisiokinesiterapia
... Innervate organs through specific axon bundles called autonomic plexuses. Communication by chemical messengers, called neurotransmitters. specific in each division of the autonomic nervous system Usually all organs are innervated by both divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Maintains homeostas ...
... Innervate organs through specific axon bundles called autonomic plexuses. Communication by chemical messengers, called neurotransmitters. specific in each division of the autonomic nervous system Usually all organs are innervated by both divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Maintains homeostas ...
Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley&O'Loughlin
... Innervate organs through specific axon bundles called autonomic plexuses. Communication by chemical messengers, called neurotransmitters. specific in each division of the autonomic nervous system Usually all organs are innervated by both divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Maintains homeostas ...
... Innervate organs through specific axon bundles called autonomic plexuses. Communication by chemical messengers, called neurotransmitters. specific in each division of the autonomic nervous system Usually all organs are innervated by both divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Maintains homeostas ...
Understanding Embodied Cognition through Dynamical Systems
... The whole project of repairing the toaster takes place in a concrete setting, which provides surfaces to work on, visual structure that helps orient, mechanical structure that facilitates motor control by providing force feedback and stabilization through friction. Performing the action while situat ...
... The whole project of repairing the toaster takes place in a concrete setting, which provides surfaces to work on, visual structure that helps orient, mechanical structure that facilitates motor control by providing force feedback and stabilization through friction. Performing the action while situat ...
Understanding mirror neurons - LIRA-Lab
... canonical neurons in terms of motor properties, but they radically differ from the canonical neurons as far as visual properties are concerned (Rizzolatti & Fadiga, 1998). The visual stimuli most effective in evoking mirror neurons discharge are actions in which the experimenter’s hand or mouth intera ...
... canonical neurons in terms of motor properties, but they radically differ from the canonical neurons as far as visual properties are concerned (Rizzolatti & Fadiga, 1998). The visual stimuli most effective in evoking mirror neurons discharge are actions in which the experimenter’s hand or mouth intera ...
Tendon Transfers for Nerve Palsies - American Association for Hand
... Ulnar Claw Deformity def: Hyperextension of MP joints (from pull of intact extrinsic extensors) and Flexion of IP joints (from pull of intact extrinsic flexors) due to paralysis of interosseous muscles of all fingers and ulnar innervate lumbricals to ring and small fingers. Ring and small finger ...
... Ulnar Claw Deformity def: Hyperextension of MP joints (from pull of intact extrinsic extensors) and Flexion of IP joints (from pull of intact extrinsic flexors) due to paralysis of interosseous muscles of all fingers and ulnar innervate lumbricals to ring and small fingers. Ring and small finger ...
Patterning and axon guidance of cranial motor neurons
... projections is governed by rostrocaudal and dorsoventral patterning mechanisms that produce a diversity of motor neuron subpopulations with distinct differentiation programmes. Some of the guidance molecules that are involved in elaborating axon projections have also been characterized. However, man ...
... projections is governed by rostrocaudal and dorsoventral patterning mechanisms that produce a diversity of motor neuron subpopulations with distinct differentiation programmes. Some of the guidance molecules that are involved in elaborating axon projections have also been characterized. However, man ...
Direction of action is represented in the ventral premotor cortex
... central nervous system to drive prosthetic devices and/or robotic arms28 (S. I. Helms-Tillery et al. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 26, 458.2, 2000). In most instances, investigators have found that signals from single neurons do not provide enough information for this purpose. Therefore, they have used popu ...
... central nervous system to drive prosthetic devices and/or robotic arms28 (S. I. Helms-Tillery et al. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 26, 458.2, 2000). In most instances, investigators have found that signals from single neurons do not provide enough information for this purpose. Therefore, they have used popu ...
Serotonin 1B Receptor Modulates Frequency Response Curves and
... and were filtered through an FT-6 antialias filter (TDT; Alachua, FL). Stimuli were played through either an earphone biased with 200 V DC (Schuller 1997), positioned in the ear contralateral to the recording electrode, or a midline freefield speaker (Infinity Emit B, Harman International Industries ...
... and were filtered through an FT-6 antialias filter (TDT; Alachua, FL). Stimuli were played through either an earphone biased with 200 V DC (Schuller 1997), positioned in the ear contralateral to the recording electrode, or a midline freefield speaker (Infinity Emit B, Harman International Industries ...
Spinal motor neurons are regenerated after
... transitions from a motor neuron generating program during early development (up to 48 hours post-fertilisation; Reimer et al., 2013) to generation of oligodendrocytes (Kirby et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2008; Czopka et al., 2013) and eventually to relative quiescence at the adult stage (Reimer et al., ...
... transitions from a motor neuron generating program during early development (up to 48 hours post-fertilisation; Reimer et al., 2013) to generation of oligodendrocytes (Kirby et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2008; Czopka et al., 2013) and eventually to relative quiescence at the adult stage (Reimer et al., ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.