Primate Red Nucleus Discharge Encodes the Dynamics of Limb
... waned throughout movement as a function of movement direction (Schwartz 1992). The ambiguity in interpretation of a signal expressing more than one parameter was addressed in another study of planar reaching movements. In this multiple regression study, M1 discharge was correlated first with movemen ...
... waned throughout movement as a function of movement direction (Schwartz 1992). The ambiguity in interpretation of a signal expressing more than one parameter was addressed in another study of planar reaching movements. In this multiple regression study, M1 discharge was correlated first with movemen ...
Uncaging Compunds: - Florida State University
... potentiation at other synapses. – Clustered plasticity: Neighboring synapses to recently potentiated synapses show a decreased threshold for potentiation. ...
... potentiation at other synapses. – Clustered plasticity: Neighboring synapses to recently potentiated synapses show a decreased threshold for potentiation. ...
Anatomical origins of the classical receptive field and modulatory
... From the analysesof our own and others’ anatomical and physiological data for the macaquevisual system,we arrive at a conclusion that three pathways can provide the Vl neuron with accessto information from the visual tieId and affect its response.Fit, direct thalamic input can determine the size of ...
... From the analysesof our own and others’ anatomical and physiological data for the macaquevisual system,we arrive at a conclusion that three pathways can provide the Vl neuron with accessto information from the visual tieId and affect its response.Fit, direct thalamic input can determine the size of ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... How does feedback from V1 and extraclassical stimulation modulate the activity of LGN neurons? To investigate the influence that feedback from the striate cortex has over extraclassical interactions in the LGN, we measured the modulated response of LGN neurons to gratings of a range of different con ...
... How does feedback from V1 and extraclassical stimulation modulate the activity of LGN neurons? To investigate the influence that feedback from the striate cortex has over extraclassical interactions in the LGN, we measured the modulated response of LGN neurons to gratings of a range of different con ...
Conversion of Mouse and Human Fibroblasts into Functional Spinal
... (Isl1 omitted). We found that iMNs were comparable in cell body size and projection length to both E13.5 embryo- and ESC-derived motor neuron controls (Figure S2A). To determine how similar overall transcription in iMNs was to control motor neurons, we isolated the three motor neuron types by fluore ...
... (Isl1 omitted). We found that iMNs were comparable in cell body size and projection length to both E13.5 embryo- and ESC-derived motor neuron controls (Figure S2A). To determine how similar overall transcription in iMNs was to control motor neurons, we isolated the three motor neuron types by fluore ...
Basal Ganglia and Associated Pathways
... In addition to the projection neurons (spiny neurons), the striatum also contains large interneurons called aspiny neurons. These neurons are excitatory and use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter. They seem to preferentially excite projection neurons in the striatum which are part of the indirect ...
... In addition to the projection neurons (spiny neurons), the striatum also contains large interneurons called aspiny neurons. These neurons are excitatory and use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter. They seem to preferentially excite projection neurons in the striatum which are part of the indirect ...
Chapter 2 Intrinsic Dynamics of an Excitatory
... circles represent excitatory and inhibitory synapses,respectively. ...
... circles represent excitatory and inhibitory synapses,respectively. ...
sympathetic division
... – sympathetic fibers also secrete enkephalin, substance P, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, neurotensin, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone – parasympathetic fibers stimulate endothelial cells to release the gas, nitric oxide – causes vasodilation by inhibiting smooth muscle tone • function is crucial t ...
... – sympathetic fibers also secrete enkephalin, substance P, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, neurotensin, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone – parasympathetic fibers stimulate endothelial cells to release the gas, nitric oxide – causes vasodilation by inhibiting smooth muscle tone • function is crucial t ...
Serotonin Depletion In Vivo Inhibits the
... 1997) (J. L. Benton and B. S. Beltz, unpublished observations). These effects were found to be specific to those neuropil areas that normally receive serotonergic innervation (Benton et al., 1997). In the lobster, primary sensory neurons from the olfactory organs (first antennae) terminate in the de ...
... 1997) (J. L. Benton and B. S. Beltz, unpublished observations). These effects were found to be specific to those neuropil areas that normally receive serotonergic innervation (Benton et al., 1997). In the lobster, primary sensory neurons from the olfactory organs (first antennae) terminate in the de ...
emboj2008265-sup
... studies, we determined that measurements from neuronal somas, as opposed to neurites, would be more appropriate for the following reasons. As tBoc is a soluble molecule, it distributes uniformly within the cell, and therefore measurements taken from neurites produced very similar results to those t ...
... studies, we determined that measurements from neuronal somas, as opposed to neurites, would be more appropriate for the following reasons. As tBoc is a soluble molecule, it distributes uniformly within the cell, and therefore measurements taken from neurites produced very similar results to those t ...
A computational account for the ontogeny of mirror neurons via
... At the time Hebbian learning was introduced by Donald Hebb (1949), the field of neuroscience, let alone the field of neuroinformatics, was still in its infancy. Hebb’s postulate was introduced in a general, qualitative manner. It implies that learning occurs due to changes in synaptic strength, and ...
... At the time Hebbian learning was introduced by Donald Hebb (1949), the field of neuroscience, let alone the field of neuroinformatics, was still in its infancy. Hebb’s postulate was introduced in a general, qualitative manner. It implies that learning occurs due to changes in synaptic strength, and ...
Lineage origins of GABAergic versus glutamatergic neurons in the
... neurons, and also in a mosaic in the cortical VZ. Fezf2 is required for the specification of subcerebral projection neurons of layer V [38,39], while Tbr1, which is expressed in layer VI neurons is required to specify corticothalamic projection neurons [36,40,41]. In contrast, Satb2 is expressed in ...
... neurons, and also in a mosaic in the cortical VZ. Fezf2 is required for the specification of subcerebral projection neurons of layer V [38,39], while Tbr1, which is expressed in layer VI neurons is required to specify corticothalamic projection neurons [36,40,41]. In contrast, Satb2 is expressed in ...
Temperature Integration at the AC Thermosensory Neurons
... expressed in the AC neurons using TrpA1 SH-Gal4. The AC neurons of the control flies were activated twice as the temperature were continually perfused with modified stanincreased (A). The bar graph shows the mean percentage of fluorescence increase (⌬F/F ) of the AC neurons during the first dard sol ...
... expressed in the AC neurons using TrpA1 SH-Gal4. The AC neurons of the control flies were activated twice as the temperature were continually perfused with modified stanincreased (A). The bar graph shows the mean percentage of fluorescence increase (⌬F/F ) of the AC neurons during the first dard sol ...
Cell Type-Specific, Presynaptic LTP of Inhibitory Synapses on Fast
... current-clamp mode and their firing properties were assessed by delivering 500 ms depolarizing current steps. After GABAergic neurons were classified into FS and non-FS neurons on the basis of their firing pattern, depolarizing currents (usually ⬍ 300 pA for 5 ms) were injected to evoke one action p ...
... current-clamp mode and their firing properties were assessed by delivering 500 ms depolarizing current steps. After GABAergic neurons were classified into FS and non-FS neurons on the basis of their firing pattern, depolarizing currents (usually ⬍ 300 pA for 5 ms) were injected to evoke one action p ...
ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in the Brain: Sensors of
... dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. They showed that neurons with --cell-type KATP channels, which comprise Kir6.2 and SUR1, have the highest metabolic sensitivity and that these and not neurons with other types of KATP channels survive in weaver mice, suggesting that the --cell-type KATP c ...
... dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. They showed that neurons with --cell-type KATP channels, which comprise Kir6.2 and SUR1, have the highest metabolic sensitivity and that these and not neurons with other types of KATP channels survive in weaver mice, suggesting that the --cell-type KATP c ...
animal_responses_to_the_environment
... fibres. Nerve fibres are bundled together with some connective tissue. Nerve fibres and connective tissue make up nerve tissue. ...
... fibres. Nerve fibres are bundled together with some connective tissue. Nerve fibres and connective tissue make up nerve tissue. ...
Sensory Receptors
... somatosensory area. – As a result Left cerebral hemispheres receive info from the right side Right cerebral hemispheres receive info from the left side ...
... somatosensory area. – As a result Left cerebral hemispheres receive info from the right side Right cerebral hemispheres receive info from the left side ...
Chapter 11 Outline - CM
... needed for whole neuron; the following organelles support this high level of biosynthetic activity Both free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum for protein synthesis; Nissl bodies are RER that can be seen with microscope Golgi apparatus (vesicular transport) and large or multiple nucleoli ...
... needed for whole neuron; the following organelles support this high level of biosynthetic activity Both free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum for protein synthesis; Nissl bodies are RER that can be seen with microscope Golgi apparatus (vesicular transport) and large or multiple nucleoli ...
Poulet etal - Cornell University
... self-generated and external sensory stimuli is a fundamental problem in perception and a central question of sensory neuroscience. Philosophers and scientists over the centuries have proposed that responses to self-generated stimuli are modulated by neural signals that feedforward from motor to sens ...
... self-generated and external sensory stimuli is a fundamental problem in perception and a central question of sensory neuroscience. Philosophers and scientists over the centuries have proposed that responses to self-generated stimuli are modulated by neural signals that feedforward from motor to sens ...
Basal Ganglia: Internal Organization
... cell bodies and proximal dendrites of their target neurons (Figures 4(b), 4(c), and 6). In addition, all GPe neurons give rise to local axon collaterals that underlie a complex and structured microcircuitry within the GPe (Figure 5). About a quarter of GPe neurons give rise to collaterals that inner ...
... cell bodies and proximal dendrites of their target neurons (Figures 4(b), 4(c), and 6). In addition, all GPe neurons give rise to local axon collaterals that underlie a complex and structured microcircuitry within the GPe (Figure 5). About a quarter of GPe neurons give rise to collaterals that inner ...
Progress Report – Glover
... With the anatomical mapping already in hand, it is feasible to begin asking questions about the genetic regulation of neuronal type specification. As a first step, it is important to determine which transcription factors are expressed in or near specific identified neurons. To this end, Søviknes has ...
... With the anatomical mapping already in hand, it is feasible to begin asking questions about the genetic regulation of neuronal type specification. As a first step, it is important to determine which transcription factors are expressed in or near specific identified neurons. To this end, Søviknes has ...
Reticular activating system of a central pattern generator
... Off-line data analysis was performed using a sliding window procedure, similar to the procedure used by Apicella et al. (1992). In this analysis, we obtained the change point of neural activity for each single neuron, using the nonparametric one-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test. In these tests, we s ...
... Off-line data analysis was performed using a sliding window procedure, similar to the procedure used by Apicella et al. (1992). In this analysis, we obtained the change point of neural activity for each single neuron, using the nonparametric one-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test. In these tests, we s ...
Human medial frontal cortex mediates unconscious inhibition of
... Although the average location of the supplementary motor complex, which includes SEF and SMA, across a group of subjects is closely predictable from the VCA line (Picard and Strick, 1996, 2001; Zilles et al., 1996), there is considerable variation from one subject to another (Curtis and D'Esposito, ...
... Although the average location of the supplementary motor complex, which includes SEF and SMA, across a group of subjects is closely predictable from the VCA line (Picard and Strick, 1996, 2001; Zilles et al., 1996), there is considerable variation from one subject to another (Curtis and D'Esposito, ...
Presynaptic Inhibition of Exteroceptive Afferents by Proprioceptive
... innervating a proprioceptor that monitors movements of the endopodite and protopodite of the tailfan. This PAD occurs only during high-velocity movements of the exopodite, which are similar to those that occur during swimming. The effects that the proprioceptor mediate are widespread, so that affere ...
... innervating a proprioceptor that monitors movements of the endopodite and protopodite of the tailfan. This PAD occurs only during high-velocity movements of the exopodite, which are similar to those that occur during swimming. The effects that the proprioceptor mediate are widespread, so that affere ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.