A Monosynaptic GABAergic Input from the Inferior Colliculus to the
... inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in morphologically identified thalamocortical relay neurons. The inhibitory potentials cannot ...
... inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in morphologically identified thalamocortical relay neurons. The inhibitory potentials cannot ...
Prenatal morphine exposure alters the layer II/III pyramidal neurons
... Communication between neurons is important for the dendrites growth and the synapse maturation on the dendrites (Leite et al., 2005; Matsuzaki, 2007). Therefore, the changes in the neurons morphology are somewhat indicative of alterations in pyramidal neurons excitability. In our study, morphine exp ...
... Communication between neurons is important for the dendrites growth and the synapse maturation on the dendrites (Leite et al., 2005; Matsuzaki, 2007). Therefore, the changes in the neurons morphology are somewhat indicative of alterations in pyramidal neurons excitability. In our study, morphine exp ...
Spontaneous Spike Activity of Spinoreticular Tract Neurons During
... sleep.14,15 We recently reported that sciatic nerve evoked field potentials recorded from fibers comprising the SRT and spinothalamic tracts (STT) are reduced throughout the state of active sleep and can even be abolished during the REM saccades associated with this state.16 These data support the i ...
... sleep.14,15 We recently reported that sciatic nerve evoked field potentials recorded from fibers comprising the SRT and spinothalamic tracts (STT) are reduced throughout the state of active sleep and can even be abolished during the REM saccades associated with this state.16 These data support the i ...
Accurate reconstruction of neuronal morphology
... When sharp intracellular electrodes are used, the pipette solution should contain 2-4% biocytin (Sigma) by weight in 1M potassium acetate. This is about the limit in the amount of biocytin that can be dissolved in 1M potassium acetate, and slight warming may be required to get the substance fully di ...
... When sharp intracellular electrodes are used, the pipette solution should contain 2-4% biocytin (Sigma) by weight in 1M potassium acetate. This is about the limit in the amount of biocytin that can be dissolved in 1M potassium acetate, and slight warming may be required to get the substance fully di ...
ling411-16 - Rice University
... • Can also use motor neurons Motor activation in speech perception Mirror neurons ...
... • Can also use motor neurons Motor activation in speech perception Mirror neurons ...
The Basal Ganglia
... The stereotypy induced by high-dose amphetamine is blocked by 6-OHDA lesions of caudate–putamen, whereas the locomotor hyperactivity induced at lower doses is blocked by similar DA depletion of the nucleus accumbens (“consummatory versus incentive motivational function”). So MFB lesions cause severe ...
... The stereotypy induced by high-dose amphetamine is blocked by 6-OHDA lesions of caudate–putamen, whereas the locomotor hyperactivity induced at lower doses is blocked by similar DA depletion of the nucleus accumbens (“consummatory versus incentive motivational function”). So MFB lesions cause severe ...
Sensory system evolution at the origin of craniates
... this pattern is that the genesis of the paired-eye visual system plus brain combination may result from di¡erent regulatory constraints than the migratory neural crest^ placodal sensory systems. Another noteworthy observation is that no neural crest and/or placodal-derived bipolar sensory neurons pr ...
... this pattern is that the genesis of the paired-eye visual system plus brain combination may result from di¡erent regulatory constraints than the migratory neural crest^ placodal sensory systems. Another noteworthy observation is that no neural crest and/or placodal-derived bipolar sensory neurons pr ...
Representational Capacity of Face Coding in Monkeys
... below) to determine how accurately the firing responses could distinguish between different stimuli and how many stimuli could be represented by such responses. The results of these two methods are logarithmically related. If the number of stimuli that can be represented by N neurons is proportional ...
... below) to determine how accurately the firing responses could distinguish between different stimuli and how many stimuli could be represented by such responses. The results of these two methods are logarithmically related. If the number of stimuli that can be represented by N neurons is proportional ...
On the importance of the transient visual response in the superior
... distractor (green) conditions. (b) Perfect temporal and spatial predictability of a target with no distractor presented. The transient visual response (red circle) overlaps with the region of preparation (blue circle) and express saccades are triggered. (c) Presentation of a remote distractor (green ...
... distractor (green) conditions. (b) Perfect temporal and spatial predictability of a target with no distractor presented. The transient visual response (red circle) overlaps with the region of preparation (blue circle) and express saccades are triggered. (c) Presentation of a remote distractor (green ...
ASCENDING WHITE MATTER TRACTS
... muscles Anterior CS: anterior funiculus; only in cervical and upper T levels; innervates axial neck/body muscles; 25-10% cross at midline of each segment Cross midline at ventral tegmental decussation (VTD) ...
... muscles Anterior CS: anterior funiculus; only in cervical and upper T levels; innervates axial neck/body muscles; 25-10% cross at midline of each segment Cross midline at ventral tegmental decussation (VTD) ...
A Model of Surround Suppression Through Cortical Feedback
... detailed predictions. Several compelling neuron-level models have been proposed that reproduce some of the center-surround effects (Ursino and Cara, 2004; Dragoi and Sur, 2000; Somers et al., 1998; Stemmler et al., 1995). These models propose that lateral connections connecting the neurons respondin ...
... detailed predictions. Several compelling neuron-level models have been proposed that reproduce some of the center-surround effects (Ursino and Cara, 2004; Dragoi and Sur, 2000; Somers et al., 1998; Stemmler et al., 1995). These models propose that lateral connections connecting the neurons respondin ...
Isodirectional Tuning of Adjacent Interneurons and Pyramidal Cells
... that of the pyramidal cell, a process that increases the latter’s spatial selectivity (Ringach et al. 1997). Another mechanism, cross-orientation inhibition, refers to the suppression of a pyramidal neuron’s tuned output by inhibitory interneurons possessing directionally opposite tuning (Sillito 19 ...
... that of the pyramidal cell, a process that increases the latter’s spatial selectivity (Ringach et al. 1997). Another mechanism, cross-orientation inhibition, refers to the suppression of a pyramidal neuron’s tuned output by inhibitory interneurons possessing directionally opposite tuning (Sillito 19 ...
Olfactory modulation by dopamine in the context of aversive learning
... This task is made all the more difficult because most resources have patchy distributions and varying reward values. This variability establishes different behavioral contexts in which sensory information is encoded by the nervous system. The nervous system must therefore adjust its activity so that ...
... This task is made all the more difficult because most resources have patchy distributions and varying reward values. This variability establishes different behavioral contexts in which sensory information is encoded by the nervous system. The nervous system must therefore adjust its activity so that ...
Are mesopontine cholinergic neurons either necessary or sufficient
... fiber tracts and the extent to which the stimulation spreads is unknown; and (3) similar effects can be obtained when stimulating a variety of regions of brainstem reticular core. Once again, selective stimulation of mesopontine cholinergic neurons is required. Moreover, even though blockade of musc ...
... fiber tracts and the extent to which the stimulation spreads is unknown; and (3) similar effects can be obtained when stimulating a variety of regions of brainstem reticular core. Once again, selective stimulation of mesopontine cholinergic neurons is required. Moreover, even though blockade of musc ...
Computational themes of peripheral processing
... an intensity-invariant representation of the amplitude modulation of the perceived signal and to increase the signalto-noise ratio. Next, the representation of the amplitude modulation of a signal by the auditory receptor neurons (Machens et al. 2001) needs to be processed in a way that higher level ...
... an intensity-invariant representation of the amplitude modulation of the perceived signal and to increase the signalto-noise ratio. Next, the representation of the amplitude modulation of a signal by the auditory receptor neurons (Machens et al. 2001) needs to be processed in a way that higher level ...
Dr. Ghassan The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): After studying
... the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Finally, the preganglionic neuron may travel to the adrenal medulla and synapse directly with this glandular tissue. The cells of the adrenal medulla have the same embryonic origin as neural tissue and, in fact, function as modified postganglionic ne ...
... the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Finally, the preganglionic neuron may travel to the adrenal medulla and synapse directly with this glandular tissue. The cells of the adrenal medulla have the same embryonic origin as neural tissue and, in fact, function as modified postganglionic ne ...
Odorant Category Profile Selectivity of Olfactory Cortex Neurons
... machi Kikai, Tokyo, Japan). Respiration was acids, lactones, and phenols. The eight categories examined in the present study are indicated by the columns with color. Note that continuously monitored by measuring the individual foods show distinct odorant-category profiles. The names of the odorants ...
... machi Kikai, Tokyo, Japan). Respiration was acids, lactones, and phenols. The eight categories examined in the present study are indicated by the columns with color. Note that continuously monitored by measuring the individual foods show distinct odorant-category profiles. The names of the odorants ...
MARMORATAl - Journal of Neuroscience
... labeled by Lan3-5 are the ganglionic roots. Little labeling is detected in 6 to ‘I-day embryos (Fig. 2, a and b), even in anterior segments. At later stages (Fig. 2, c and d), more posterior roots become labeled and those that are anterior are labeled more intensely. In addition, label extends furth ...
... labeled by Lan3-5 are the ganglionic roots. Little labeling is detected in 6 to ‘I-day embryos (Fig. 2, a and b), even in anterior segments. At later stages (Fig. 2, c and d), more posterior roots become labeled and those that are anterior are labeled more intensely. In addition, label extends furth ...
stretch reflex 2
... a)inhibitory interneurons→ inhibit the α-MNs supplying the same ms b)excitatory interneurons→ excite the α-MNs supplying the antagonistic ms Response: ...
... a)inhibitory interneurons→ inhibit the α-MNs supplying the same ms b)excitatory interneurons→ excite the α-MNs supplying the antagonistic ms Response: ...
Changes in muscle coordination with training
... greater increases in torque than equivalent changes in the firing rate of cells that project to the extensor muscles (15). This is also consistent with the observation that a smaller proportion of flexor motor units must be activated to produce a given level of force (53). It can thus be said that t ...
... greater increases in torque than equivalent changes in the firing rate of cells that project to the extensor muscles (15). This is also consistent with the observation that a smaller proportion of flexor motor units must be activated to produce a given level of force (53). It can thus be said that t ...
ABSTRACT BOOK CHAMPALIMAUD NEUROSCIENCE
... and the forms of competition (Hebbian, anti-Hebbian) they generate. We have also used a analysis of STDP between cell pairs to understand network effects of this form of plasticity. I will present these results. ...
... and the forms of competition (Hebbian, anti-Hebbian) they generate. We have also used a analysis of STDP between cell pairs to understand network effects of this form of plasticity. I will present these results. ...
Single Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons Form Widely Spread
... midline, and 7.2–7.7 mm deep from the brain surface) by pressure through a glass micropipette attached to Picospritzer III (General Valve Corporation). After survival for 36 – 42 h, the rats were reanesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate (70 mg/100 g body weight), and perfused t ...
... midline, and 7.2–7.7 mm deep from the brain surface) by pressure through a glass micropipette attached to Picospritzer III (General Valve Corporation). After survival for 36 – 42 h, the rats were reanesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate (70 mg/100 g body weight), and perfused t ...
Skeletal System
... movement of the joints Ruffini corpuscles are slowly adapting stretch receptors that are ideal for measuring the positions of non-moving joints and the stretch of joints that undergo slow, sustained movements ...
... movement of the joints Ruffini corpuscles are slowly adapting stretch receptors that are ideal for measuring the positions of non-moving joints and the stretch of joints that undergo slow, sustained movements ...
Wild-Type Nonneuronal Cells Extend Survival of SOD1 Mutant
... Motor Neurons in ALS Mice A. M. Clement,1,3,4* M. D. Nguyen,5† E. A. Roberts,2,3 M. L. Garcia,1,3,4 S. Boillée,1,3,4 M. Rule,6 A. P. McMahon,6 W. Doucette,7 D. Siwek,8 R. J. Ferrante,8 R. H. Brown Jr.,7 J.-P. Julien,5‡ L. S. B. Goldstein,2,3 D. W. Cleveland1,3,4§ The most common form of amyotrophic ...
... Motor Neurons in ALS Mice A. M. Clement,1,3,4* M. D. Nguyen,5† E. A. Roberts,2,3 M. L. Garcia,1,3,4 S. Boillée,1,3,4 M. Rule,6 A. P. McMahon,6 W. Doucette,7 D. Siwek,8 R. J. Ferrante,8 R. H. Brown Jr.,7 J.-P. Julien,5‡ L. S. B. Goldstein,2,3 D. W. Cleveland1,3,4§ The most common form of amyotrophic ...
the physiology of a lepidopteran muscle receptor
... produced a 1:1 response in those muscles innervated by nerve 2. In this and in similar subsequent diagrams, anterior ifl to the right. The asterisks show the position of the spiracles. ...
... produced a 1:1 response in those muscles innervated by nerve 2. In this and in similar subsequent diagrams, anterior ifl to the right. The asterisks show the position of the spiracles. ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.