Mirror Neurons in a New World Monkey, Common Marmoset
... cortex including PMv after sacrifice. We next implanted electrodes into the ventrolateral frontal cortex and STS and recorded single/multi-units under an awake condition. As a result, we found neurons in the ventrolateral frontal cortex with characteristic “mirror” properties quite similar to those ...
... cortex including PMv after sacrifice. We next implanted electrodes into the ventrolateral frontal cortex and STS and recorded single/multi-units under an awake condition. As a result, we found neurons in the ventrolateral frontal cortex with characteristic “mirror” properties quite similar to those ...
Activity in the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Reflects Multiple Steps of
... the activity of PFC neurons during the process of planning reflect the multiple movements required during future actions or the individual future events that occur as a result of the actions? To answer this question, we examined neuronal activity in the dorsolateral PFC of monkeys that performed a p ...
... the activity of PFC neurons during the process of planning reflect the multiple movements required during future actions or the individual future events that occur as a result of the actions? To answer this question, we examined neuronal activity in the dorsolateral PFC of monkeys that performed a p ...
Sensory Adaptation and Short Term Plasticity as Bayesian
... system can use information about the way excitability typically changes over time and information about the way sensory drive typically changes over time to estimate presynaptic excitability from presynaptic activity. Here we assume that excitability drifts on multiple timescales around a steady sta ...
... system can use information about the way excitability typically changes over time and information about the way sensory drive typically changes over time to estimate presynaptic excitability from presynaptic activity. Here we assume that excitability drifts on multiple timescales around a steady sta ...
Uncovering the Forgotten Effect of Superior Cervical Ganglia on
... cause Horner’s syndrome. The role of sympathetic systems regulating pupil diameter should be also investigated if any light reflex anomalies are observed during SAH. In the current study it was noticed that superior cevical ganglia neuron density has an interesting role on the regulation of pupil di ...
... cause Horner’s syndrome. The role of sympathetic systems regulating pupil diameter should be also investigated if any light reflex anomalies are observed during SAH. In the current study it was noticed that superior cevical ganglia neuron density has an interesting role on the regulation of pupil di ...
Cartesian spatial coordinates Computing reaching dynamics in
... The preferred directions (PDs) of motor cortical neurons exhibited a shoulder-centered reference frame when a few parts of the workspace were examined (Caminiti et al. 1990). In a more recent study that systematically investigated the entire workspace, coexisting multiple reference frames were repor ...
... The preferred directions (PDs) of motor cortical neurons exhibited a shoulder-centered reference frame when a few parts of the workspace were examined (Caminiti et al. 1990). In a more recent study that systematically investigated the entire workspace, coexisting multiple reference frames were repor ...
Nogo Receptor mRNA Expression in Intact and Regenerating CNS
... (Figs. 15–20). Strong Nogo mRNA expression was found in the neurons of the neocortex and hippocampal formation and many thalamic nuclei (Figs. 15, 17, and 18), including the TRN (arrows in Fig. 17). In the neostriatum, Nogo mRNA was widely expressed but most strongly by scattered large neurons whose ...
... (Figs. 15–20). Strong Nogo mRNA expression was found in the neurons of the neocortex and hippocampal formation and many thalamic nuclei (Figs. 15, 17, and 18), including the TRN (arrows in Fig. 17). In the neostriatum, Nogo mRNA was widely expressed but most strongly by scattered large neurons whose ...
Differential effects of nicotine on the activity of substantia nigra and
... Grenhoff et al. 1986, Mereu et al. 1987) and in vitro (Calabresi et al. 1989, Grillner and Svensson 2000, Pidoplichko et al. 1997, Sorenson et al. 1998, Yin and French 2000), and enhances dopamine release from striatal nerve terminals (Blaha and Winn 1993, Blaha et al. 1996, Nisell et al. 1994a,b). ...
... Grenhoff et al. 1986, Mereu et al. 1987) and in vitro (Calabresi et al. 1989, Grillner and Svensson 2000, Pidoplichko et al. 1997, Sorenson et al. 1998, Yin and French 2000), and enhances dopamine release from striatal nerve terminals (Blaha and Winn 1993, Blaha et al. 1996, Nisell et al. 1994a,b). ...
Spatial and Temporal Integration of Signals in Foveal Line Orientation
... Our experiments concern the mechanism by which contour orientation is processed in the primate brain. Of relevant interest is the fact that orientation processing reaches hyperacuity values, i.e., that the intact organism’s sensitivity transcends the grain of the available neural components. This ap ...
... Our experiments concern the mechanism by which contour orientation is processed in the primate brain. Of relevant interest is the fact that orientation processing reaches hyperacuity values, i.e., that the intact organism’s sensitivity transcends the grain of the available neural components. This ap ...
Saccadic Eye Movements Modulate Visual Responses in the Lateral
... neurons. Some cells were not affected by eye movements, while others showed dramatic changes just after eye movements. We first asked whether this tendency was related to cell type. The LGN contains at least two processing streams: the parvocellular system, whose neurons have small receptive fields ...
... neurons. Some cells were not affected by eye movements, while others showed dramatic changes just after eye movements. We first asked whether this tendency was related to cell type. The LGN contains at least two processing streams: the parvocellular system, whose neurons have small receptive fields ...
Pheromone signaling in the fruit fly Drosophila
... with projection neurons and excitatory and inihibitory local neurons. Projection neurons send axons either directly to the lateral horn neuropil or terminate in the lateral horn after first projecting to the calyx of the mushroom body, where they form synapses with intrinsic Kenyon cells. From Keene ...
... with projection neurons and excitatory and inihibitory local neurons. Projection neurons send axons either directly to the lateral horn neuropil or terminate in the lateral horn after first projecting to the calyx of the mushroom body, where they form synapses with intrinsic Kenyon cells. From Keene ...
Formation of a full complement of cranial proprioceptors requires
... this isoform by intrafusal fibers of spindles is dependent on the presence of Ia afferent innervation. Innervation of residual spindles by afferents in NT3 and TrkC null mice has been confirmed previously by electron microscopy (Kucera et al., 1998). Although numbers of spindles were reduced in muta ...
... this isoform by intrafusal fibers of spindles is dependent on the presence of Ia afferent innervation. Innervation of residual spindles by afferents in NT3 and TrkC null mice has been confirmed previously by electron microscopy (Kucera et al., 1998). Although numbers of spindles were reduced in muta ...
elaboration, remodeling and spatial organization of
... Identification of a small fourfold dendritic domain in the adult calyx Through analysis of series of coronal focal planes, we further identify a small fourfold spatial domain that receives dendritic inputs from all of the four MB clones at the adult stage (arrows in Fig. 2C, parts g,h). This unique ...
... Identification of a small fourfold dendritic domain in the adult calyx Through analysis of series of coronal focal planes, we further identify a small fourfold spatial domain that receives dendritic inputs from all of the four MB clones at the adult stage (arrows in Fig. 2C, parts g,h). This unique ...
PDF
... The orbitofrontal cortex has been hypothesized to carry information regarding the value of expected rewards. Such information is essential for associative learning, which relies on comparisons between expected and obtained reward for generating instructive error signals. These error signals are thou ...
... The orbitofrontal cortex has been hypothesized to carry information regarding the value of expected rewards. Such information is essential for associative learning, which relies on comparisons between expected and obtained reward for generating instructive error signals. These error signals are thou ...
Reward-Related Neuronal Activity During Go - Research
... cortex appears to be involved in the control of voluntary, goal-directed behavior by motivational outcomes. This study investigated how orbitofrontal neurons process information about rewards in a task that depends on intact orbitofrontal functions. In a delayed go-nogo task, animals executed or wit ...
... cortex appears to be involved in the control of voluntary, goal-directed behavior by motivational outcomes. This study investigated how orbitofrontal neurons process information about rewards in a task that depends on intact orbitofrontal functions. In a delayed go-nogo task, animals executed or wit ...
Chapter 16 - MBFys Home Page
... sides of the body act in concert to maintain and adjust posture. In contrast, local circuit neurons in the lateral region of the intermediate zone have shorter axons that typically extend fewer than five segments and are predominantly ipsilateral. This more restricted pattern of connectivity underli ...
... sides of the body act in concert to maintain and adjust posture. In contrast, local circuit neurons in the lateral region of the intermediate zone have shorter axons that typically extend fewer than five segments and are predominantly ipsilateral. This more restricted pattern of connectivity underli ...
Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
Proprioceptive Information from the Pinna Provides
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
Chapter 2
... synaptic organization of the IC interact to define functional zones. The IC was originally divided using anatomical methods to identify the neurons and their inputs with the hope that these subdivisions would correspond to functional zones. The central nucleus, the largest of the subdivisions, has b ...
... synaptic organization of the IC interact to define functional zones. The IC was originally divided using anatomical methods to identify the neurons and their inputs with the hope that these subdivisions would correspond to functional zones. The central nucleus, the largest of the subdivisions, has b ...
Target-specific differences in somatodendritic morphology of layer V
... formed by lines connecting the distal tufts, whose sides were formed by lines connecting the tips of the oblique dendrites and whose base was formed by a line intersecting the stem of the apical dendrite. A similar polygonal area represented the oblique dendritic field; the sides of this field were al ...
... formed by lines connecting the distal tufts, whose sides were formed by lines connecting the tips of the oblique dendrites and whose base was formed by a line intersecting the stem of the apical dendrite. A similar polygonal area represented the oblique dendritic field; the sides of this field were al ...
For Peer Review - diss.fu
... The lateral habenular complex (LHb) is a bilateral epithalamic brain structure involved in the modulation of ascending monoamine systems in response to afferents from limbic regions and basal ganglia. The LHb is implicated in various biological functions, such as reward, sleepwake cycle, feeding, pa ...
... The lateral habenular complex (LHb) is a bilateral epithalamic brain structure involved in the modulation of ascending monoamine systems in response to afferents from limbic regions and basal ganglia. The LHb is implicated in various biological functions, such as reward, sleepwake cycle, feeding, pa ...
location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral
... of serotoninergic neurons in the cerebral ganglion complex and the pathways along which these neurons process antennal, visual, and intracerebral information are described in Chapter 2. The location of serotoninergic neuron cell bodies in the ventral nerve cord and their specialized role in inter- a ...
... of serotoninergic neurons in the cerebral ganglion complex and the pathways along which these neurons process antennal, visual, and intracerebral information are described in Chapter 2. The location of serotoninergic neuron cell bodies in the ventral nerve cord and their specialized role in inter- a ...
Multimodal Integration in Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Provides an
... level of thoracic vertebra 7 (T7). Level T7 was chosen because it is well below the lowest level of neck muscle insertion (T3) and thus recordings would not be confounded by neck movements (McCluskey and Cullen, 2007). The location of T7 was verified by x ray and/or spinal palpation. During experime ...
... level of thoracic vertebra 7 (T7). Level T7 was chosen because it is well below the lowest level of neck muscle insertion (T3) and thus recordings would not be confounded by neck movements (McCluskey and Cullen, 2007). The location of T7 was verified by x ray and/or spinal palpation. During experime ...
neuroanatomy - NC State Veterinary Medicine
... medial tectospinal (tectospinal) tract = orientation of the eyes, head, and neck in response to visual input spinotectal tract- move neck (head and eyes) towards movements Tegmentum The tegmentum is the ventral mesencephalon. Some definitions exclude the crus cerebri. This area is the location of se ...
... medial tectospinal (tectospinal) tract = orientation of the eyes, head, and neck in response to visual input spinotectal tract- move neck (head and eyes) towards movements Tegmentum The tegmentum is the ventral mesencephalon. Some definitions exclude the crus cerebri. This area is the location of se ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... (19). This is particularly true for primates, since they have larger brains and consequently heavier heads. Clearly, the orienting response is no longer just a reflex for most vertebrates; it requires integration of multimodal sensory information. This in turn necessitates the presence of a mechanis ...
... (19). This is particularly true for primates, since they have larger brains and consequently heavier heads. Clearly, the orienting response is no longer just a reflex for most vertebrates; it requires integration of multimodal sensory information. This in turn necessitates the presence of a mechanis ...
Motor areas of the frontal lobe by Jarrod Blinch
... supplementary somatosensory area, and the posterior parietal cortex and terminate mostly in the dorsal horn of the spinal grey matter. The termination in the dorsal horn makes it unlikely that these fibers directly influence motor behaviour. It has been suggested that corticospinal fibers that origi ...
... supplementary somatosensory area, and the posterior parietal cortex and terminate mostly in the dorsal horn of the spinal grey matter. The termination in the dorsal horn makes it unlikely that these fibers directly influence motor behaviour. It has been suggested that corticospinal fibers that origi ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.