Delineation of motoneuron subgroups supplying
... monkey, CEN is considered as the SR and IO motoneurons, DL and VEN as the B- and Agroup of MR motoneurons, respectively, and DM as IR motoneurons. A good correlation between monkey and man is seen for the CR input, which labels only motoneurons of eye muscles participating in upgaze (SR, IO and LP). ...
... monkey, CEN is considered as the SR and IO motoneurons, DL and VEN as the B- and Agroup of MR motoneurons, respectively, and DM as IR motoneurons. A good correlation between monkey and man is seen for the CR input, which labels only motoneurons of eye muscles participating in upgaze (SR, IO and LP). ...
MODELING THE MIRROR: GRASP LEARNING AND ACTION
... I am also full of gratitude to my Ph.D. qualification exam comittee members Maja Mataric and Christoph von der Malsburg for their guidance and support. I am greatly indebted to Giacomo Rizzolatti for enabling me to visit his lab and providing the opportunity to communicate with not only himself but ...
... I am also full of gratitude to my Ph.D. qualification exam comittee members Maja Mataric and Christoph von der Malsburg for their guidance and support. I am greatly indebted to Giacomo Rizzolatti for enabling me to visit his lab and providing the opportunity to communicate with not only himself but ...
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... comparison to multivariate techniques. By doing so, we show how fMRI repetition suppression holds promise as a tool to reveal complex neural mechanisms that underlie human cognitive function. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Interpreting BOLD: a dialogue between cognitive and cellular neuro ...
... comparison to multivariate techniques. By doing so, we show how fMRI repetition suppression holds promise as a tool to reveal complex neural mechanisms that underlie human cognitive function. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Interpreting BOLD: a dialogue between cognitive and cellular neuro ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... total level of synaptic efficacy. A frequent approach in neural network models is to globally adjust all the synapses onto each postsynaptic neuron based on its level of activity3. The adjustment can take two forms, depending on whether the synapses to a particular neuron are changed by the same amo ...
... total level of synaptic efficacy. A frequent approach in neural network models is to globally adjust all the synapses onto each postsynaptic neuron based on its level of activity3. The adjustment can take two forms, depending on whether the synapses to a particular neuron are changed by the same amo ...
L1CAM/Neuroglian controls the axon–axon interactions establishing
... or all three subtypes of MB neurons (Fig. 1 A). Interestingly, the majority of NB clones did not show any alteration of axonal projections (Fig. 2, D, E, and J). However, in 20% of these clones, we observed defects including the formation of ball-like structures below the calyx resembling the ph ...
... or all three subtypes of MB neurons (Fig. 1 A). Interestingly, the majority of NB clones did not show any alteration of axonal projections (Fig. 2, D, E, and J). However, in 20% of these clones, we observed defects including the formation of ball-like structures below the calyx resembling the ph ...
The neurochemistry of the GnRH pulse generator
... of GnRH neurons. Their function appears to be induction of phasic activation of GnRH neurons by NE through an al-receptive mechanism. This phasic activation is tonically inhibited by GABAergic neurons. These GABAergic neurons seize acutely to release their inhibitory neurotransmitter and this result ...
... of GnRH neurons. Their function appears to be induction of phasic activation of GnRH neurons by NE through an al-receptive mechanism. This phasic activation is tonically inhibited by GABAergic neurons. These GABAergic neurons seize acutely to release their inhibitory neurotransmitter and this result ...
Impairment of a parabolic bursting rhythm by the ectopic expression
... IK [2], the overexpressed SK channels may have compensated for the inactivation of IK. The parabolic bursting rhythm was recovered by treating R15 overexpressing rSK2 with 1 mM apamin, indicating that the impairment of bursting rhythm was due to the activation of expressed rSK2 (Fig. 2A1). In contro ...
... IK [2], the overexpressed SK channels may have compensated for the inactivation of IK. The parabolic bursting rhythm was recovered by treating R15 overexpressing rSK2 with 1 mM apamin, indicating that the impairment of bursting rhythm was due to the activation of expressed rSK2 (Fig. 2A1). In contro ...
Do superior colliculus projection zones in the inferior pulvinar
... Projections of the superior colliculus Projections of the superior colliculus to the pulvinar complex were studied after large injections of WGA-HRP into the superior colliculus of three owl monkeys. The full extent of the injections varied, however, with the largest injection occurring in Case 97-5 ...
... Projections of the superior colliculus Projections of the superior colliculus to the pulvinar complex were studied after large injections of WGA-HRP into the superior colliculus of three owl monkeys. The full extent of the injections varied, however, with the largest injection occurring in Case 97-5 ...
Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of
... or decreased firing rates seconds prior to lever pressing (termed “anticipatory responses”), and 48% had altered, predominantly decreased, firing rates for a few minutes after lever pressing (“postcocaine responses”). Two-thirds of the neurons with anticipatory responses had postcocaine responses. N ...
... or decreased firing rates seconds prior to lever pressing (termed “anticipatory responses”), and 48% had altered, predominantly decreased, firing rates for a few minutes after lever pressing (“postcocaine responses”). Two-thirds of the neurons with anticipatory responses had postcocaine responses. N ...
Neuronal-Derived Nitric Oxide and Somatodendritically Released
... adjusted with NaOH. To continuously monitor the pressure of the perfusion system, the cannula was connected to a pressure transducer (PS/ 200, Living System Instrumentation); luminal flow rate was controlled with a syringe pump (11 PLUS, Harvard Apparatus). At the end of each experiment, 100 !M papa ...
... adjusted with NaOH. To continuously monitor the pressure of the perfusion system, the cannula was connected to a pressure transducer (PS/ 200, Living System Instrumentation); luminal flow rate was controlled with a syringe pump (11 PLUS, Harvard Apparatus). At the end of each experiment, 100 !M papa ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... Hebb originally conjectured that synapses effective at evoking a response should grow stronger, but over time Hebbian plasticity has come to mean any long-lasting form of synaptic modification (strengthening or weakening) that is synapse specific and depends on correlations between pre- and postsyna ...
... Hebb originally conjectured that synapses effective at evoking a response should grow stronger, but over time Hebbian plasticity has come to mean any long-lasting form of synaptic modification (strengthening or weakening) that is synapse specific and depends on correlations between pre- and postsyna ...
Full Text - Harvard University
... internal and external conditions fluctuate dynamically and often unpredictably, the selection of behaviors must be performed quickly and flexibly to adapt to the demands of the environment and the animal’s individual needs. How to decide the optimal behavior to perform for a given situation is there ...
... internal and external conditions fluctuate dynamically and often unpredictably, the selection of behaviors must be performed quickly and flexibly to adapt to the demands of the environment and the animal’s individual needs. How to decide the optimal behavior to perform for a given situation is there ...
... AbstractÐThe prefrontal cortex in rhesus monkeys is a heterogeneous region by structure, connections and function. Caudal medial and orbitofrontal cortices receive input from cortical and subcortical structures associated with emotions, autonomic function and long-term memory, while lateral prefront ...
On-line Optical Operant Conditioning of Cortical Activity
... Figure 5.4 Event-‐triggered averages of calcium signals ................................................... 80 Figure 5.5 Effects of the relationships between target and non-‐target neurons ... 82 Figure 5.6 Probabil ...
... Figure 5.4 Event-‐triggered averages of calcium signals ................................................... 80 Figure 5.5 Effects of the relationships between target and non-‐target neurons ... 82 Figure 5.6 Probabil ...
Self-Organizing Visual Cortex Model using Homeostatic Plasticity
... organism. This early form of ad-hoc normalization is practically a simplification of more complicated homeostatic regulation that counterbalances Hebbian plasticity [31]. Turrigiano and Nelson [31] give a very helpful illustration of the importance of regulating excitability of neural circuit in fee ...
... organism. This early form of ad-hoc normalization is practically a simplification of more complicated homeostatic regulation that counterbalances Hebbian plasticity [31]. Turrigiano and Nelson [31] give a very helpful illustration of the importance of regulating excitability of neural circuit in fee ...
Spinal Cord Terminations of the Medial Wall Motor Areas in
... These terminations appear to be concerned primarily with aspects of sensory processing and may modulate the flow of ascending sensory information (Yezierski et al., 1983) (for review, see Porter and Lemon, 1993). To date, only brief and somewhat conflicting reports have appeared concerning the site ...
... These terminations appear to be concerned primarily with aspects of sensory processing and may modulate the flow of ascending sensory information (Yezierski et al., 1983) (for review, see Porter and Lemon, 1993). To date, only brief and somewhat conflicting reports have appeared concerning the site ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Abbreviations CCHS, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; cVRG, caudal ventral respiratory group (VRC segment that contains abdominal premotor neurons); DIA, depolarization-induced intracellular alkalization; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; P aCO2 , parti ...
... Abbreviations CCHS, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; cVRG, caudal ventral respiratory group (VRC segment that contains abdominal premotor neurons); DIA, depolarization-induced intracellular alkalization; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; P aCO2 , parti ...
Specialized prefrontal "auditory fields": organization of primate
... (Figure 1, top; Hackett et al., 1999; Romanski et al., 1999a,b). These areas receive pathways from auditory association cortices from a restricted and more caudal part of STG, within the parabelt and belt areas (Figure 1, top; Barbas and Mesulam, 1981, 1985; Hackett et al., 1999; Romanski et al., 19 ...
... (Figure 1, top; Hackett et al., 1999; Romanski et al., 1999a,b). These areas receive pathways from auditory association cortices from a restricted and more caudal part of STG, within the parabelt and belt areas (Figure 1, top; Barbas and Mesulam, 1981, 1985; Hackett et al., 1999; Romanski et al., 19 ...
Stochastic neural network dynamics: synchronisation and control
... organic computing machine; computational neuroscience dates back to 1907, where the integrate and fire model of a neuron was first introduced [1]. Since then, neuronal models of varying complexity have been proposed to characterise a number of different behaviours with varying degrees of accuracy. C ...
... organic computing machine; computational neuroscience dates back to 1907, where the integrate and fire model of a neuron was first introduced [1]. Since then, neuronal models of varying complexity have been proposed to characterise a number of different behaviours with varying degrees of accuracy. C ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
... A fundamental goal of neuroscience is to understand how the brain encodes and processes information and how the networks and structures involved are formed. In this thesis, we use theoretical approaches to further our understanding of brain function. First, we investigate how experimentally-based le ...
... A fundamental goal of neuroscience is to understand how the brain encodes and processes information and how the networks and structures involved are formed. In this thesis, we use theoretical approaches to further our understanding of brain function. First, we investigate how experimentally-based le ...
Different neurotrophins are expressed and act in a developmental
... Work on nerve growth factor (NGF) supports the proposal that neuronal target fields produce limiting quantities of neurotrophins that promote the survival of the appropriate number of innervating neurons during development (Davies, 1988; Barde, 1989). NGF is synthesized in the target fields of devel ...
... Work on nerve growth factor (NGF) supports the proposal that neuronal target fields produce limiting quantities of neurotrophins that promote the survival of the appropriate number of innervating neurons during development (Davies, 1988; Barde, 1989). NGF is synthesized in the target fields of devel ...
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Transection Eliminates
... C TX-Q, n 5 2; GL X-Q, n 5 2; DBL X-Q, n 5 2; DBL X-NS, n 5 1) were stained with 0.1% thionin, mounted on chrome – alum-coated slides, dehydrated, and coverslipped. These sections were used to delineate anatomical subdivisions within the rostral NST. The alternate sections for the remaining brains c ...
... C TX-Q, n 5 2; GL X-Q, n 5 2; DBL X-Q, n 5 2; DBL X-NS, n 5 1) were stained with 0.1% thionin, mounted on chrome – alum-coated slides, dehydrated, and coverslipped. These sections were used to delineate anatomical subdivisions within the rostral NST. The alternate sections for the remaining brains c ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... NMJ led to the weakening and subsequently withdrawal of the axons whose synaptic contacts were blocked (Balice-Gordon and Lichtman, 1994). Recent experiments using genetically engineered mice in which only a small subset of motor neurons are fluorescently labeled allowed researches to perform in-viv ...
... NMJ led to the weakening and subsequently withdrawal of the axons whose synaptic contacts were blocked (Balice-Gordon and Lichtman, 1994). Recent experiments using genetically engineered mice in which only a small subset of motor neurons are fluorescently labeled allowed researches to perform in-viv ...
