the organization of behavioral repertoire in motor cortex
... 2002). These findings have led to some uncertainty about the role of primary motor cortex and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated site ...
... 2002). These findings have led to some uncertainty about the role of primary motor cortex and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated site ...
Motor Areas of the Medial Wall: A Review of Their Location and
... portion of the cingulate sulcus during a spatial delayed response task (Niki and Watanabe, 1976,1979). The differences between the rostral and caudal cingulate motor areas seen during simple tasks suggest that even more prominent differences will be present for more complex tasks. Recently, we used ...
... portion of the cingulate sulcus during a spatial delayed response task (Niki and Watanabe, 1976,1979). The differences between the rostral and caudal cingulate motor areas seen during simple tasks suggest that even more prominent differences will be present for more complex tasks. Recently, we used ...
Identified nerve cells and insect behavior
... related to identifiable cells have now been reported in several sensory systems and they occur across time scales ranging from milliseconds to hours. For example, far toward the visual periphery, the numbers of synapses between photoreceptors and optic interneurons, as well as the diameter of intern ...
... related to identifiable cells have now been reported in several sensory systems and they occur across time scales ranging from milliseconds to hours. For example, far toward the visual periphery, the numbers of synapses between photoreceptors and optic interneurons, as well as the diameter of intern ...
The neural encoding of self-generated and externally applied
... To date, the coding of vestibular information at the level of single vestibular nerve afferents and their target neurons in the vestibular nuclei has been well characterized in alert behaving m ...
... To date, the coding of vestibular information at the level of single vestibular nerve afferents and their target neurons in the vestibular nuclei has been well characterized in alert behaving m ...
Patterns of GABAergic Immunoreactivity Define Subdivisions of the
... The anatomy and the spatial distribution of neurons and axonal endings (puncta) immunoreactive for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were studied in the medial geniculate body of the mustached bat (Pteronotus pamellii). The principal findings are that: 1)most GABAer ...
... The anatomy and the spatial distribution of neurons and axonal endings (puncta) immunoreactive for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were studied in the medial geniculate body of the mustached bat (Pteronotus pamellii). The principal findings are that: 1)most GABAer ...
Representing Spatial Relationships in Posterior
... the delay period, a copy object was presented (Fig. 1C,J; Copy). In Series A, the copy object was always centered on the fixation target (Fig. 1C). In Series B, the copy object was offset 4.2 horizontally to the left or right of the fixation target, at random across trials (Fig. 1J). In both series, ...
... the delay period, a copy object was presented (Fig. 1C,J; Copy). In Series A, the copy object was always centered on the fixation target (Fig. 1C). In Series B, the copy object was offset 4.2 horizontally to the left or right of the fixation target, at random across trials (Fig. 1J). In both series, ...
Saccades and multisaccadic gaze shifts are gated by different
... We used glass microelectrodes filled with 3.8 M NaCl and bevelled to tip diameters of 1.5–2.0 µm and resistances of 1.5–2.0 M. Only perisomatic extracellular recordings were retained for the study. We identified them by triphasic spikes with a negative main component that could be monitored over a d ...
... We used glass microelectrodes filled with 3.8 M NaCl and bevelled to tip diameters of 1.5–2.0 µm and resistances of 1.5–2.0 M. Only perisomatic extracellular recordings were retained for the study. We identified them by triphasic spikes with a negative main component that could be monitored over a d ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... optogenetics to examine the synaptic underpinnings of this inhibition in the mouse infralimbic PFC. We find that BLA inputs preferentially target layer 2 corticoamygdala over neighboring corticostriatal neurons. However, these inputs make even stronger connections onto neighboring parvalbumin and so ...
... optogenetics to examine the synaptic underpinnings of this inhibition in the mouse infralimbic PFC. We find that BLA inputs preferentially target layer 2 corticoamygdala over neighboring corticostriatal neurons. However, these inputs make even stronger connections onto neighboring parvalbumin and so ...
Anticipated synchronization in neuronal circuits
... master’s dynamics unperturbed and change just the slave’s couplings. In this Thesis we will deal with the former case. 1.1.1 Physical systems When Voss introduced the concept of AS, he proposed that it would open new avenues in the study, prediction and control of chaotic systems [4, 6, 5]. Indeed, ...
... master’s dynamics unperturbed and change just the slave’s couplings. In this Thesis we will deal with the former case. 1.1.1 Physical systems When Voss introduced the concept of AS, he proposed that it would open new avenues in the study, prediction and control of chaotic systems [4, 6, 5]. Indeed, ...
Nicotinic Receptors in Addiction Pathways
... mediating the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Intravenous nicotine self-administration is abolished by transgenic elimination of a4, a6, or b2 subunits and is restored by reexpression of these subunits in the VTA (Pons et al., 2008). In contrast, Exley et al. (2011) have shown that the a4 subunit, ...
... mediating the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Intravenous nicotine self-administration is abolished by transgenic elimination of a4, a6, or b2 subunits and is restored by reexpression of these subunits in the VTA (Pons et al., 2008). In contrast, Exley et al. (2011) have shown that the a4 subunit, ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... striatum (DLS) represents the initial stage for processing sensorimotor information in the basal ganglia. Although the DLS receives much of its input from the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex, peripheral somesthetic stimulation activates the DLS at latencies that are shorter than the response laten ...
... striatum (DLS) represents the initial stage for processing sensorimotor information in the basal ganglia. Although the DLS receives much of its input from the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex, peripheral somesthetic stimulation activates the DLS at latencies that are shorter than the response laten ...
Differential innervation of superficial versus deep - HAL
... Convergent data showed that bulbo-spinal serotonergic projections exert complex modulatory influences on nociceptive signaling within the dorsal horn. These neurons are located in the B3 area which comprises the median raphe magnus (RMg) and the lateral paragigantocellular reticular (LPGi) nuclei. Be ...
... Convergent data showed that bulbo-spinal serotonergic projections exert complex modulatory influences on nociceptive signaling within the dorsal horn. These neurons are located in the B3 area which comprises the median raphe magnus (RMg) and the lateral paragigantocellular reticular (LPGi) nuclei. Be ...
Changes in Intracellular pH Associated with Glutamate Excitotoxicity
... neurons, measurements were made intermittently at intervals greater than or equal to 60 sec. In addition, no attempt was made to calculate the internal neuronal buffering capacity for H+. Therefore, we were unable to calculate H+ flux rates. In order to compare the rates of recovery from internal ac ...
... neurons, measurements were made intermittently at intervals greater than or equal to 60 sec. In addition, no attempt was made to calculate the internal neuronal buffering capacity for H+. Therefore, we were unable to calculate H+ flux rates. In order to compare the rates of recovery from internal ac ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... time multielectrode recordings from the brain of a small grasshopper brain were made. Three 12 µm tungsten wires (combined in a multielectrode) to record from local brain neurons and from a population of auditory neurons entering the brain from the thorax. It was possible to separate up to five unit ...
... time multielectrode recordings from the brain of a small grasshopper brain were made. Three 12 µm tungsten wires (combined in a multielectrode) to record from local brain neurons and from a population of auditory neurons entering the brain from the thorax. It was possible to separate up to five unit ...
Operant conditioning and motor cortex - D
... behavioral demands. Such claims are rooted in evidence from neurophysiology experiments that entail direct reinforcement of variation in the firing rates of single cortical neurons – that is, single unit operant conditioning experiments. However, such investigations have largely been limited to the ...
... behavioral demands. Such claims are rooted in evidence from neurophysiology experiments that entail direct reinforcement of variation in the firing rates of single cortical neurons – that is, single unit operant conditioning experiments. However, such investigations have largely been limited to the ...
UNC-119 suppresses axon branching
... Strain maintenance was performed as described previously (Brenner, 1974). C. elegans strain EG1285 lin-15(n765ts) oxIs12 [Punc47::GFP NTX, EK L15 (lin-15(+)] X (McIntire et al., 1997) was crossed with unc-119(ed3) to generate EG1322: unc-119(ed3)III; lin15(n765ts) oxIs12 X. We generated an unc-119(e ...
... Strain maintenance was performed as described previously (Brenner, 1974). C. elegans strain EG1285 lin-15(n765ts) oxIs12 [Punc47::GFP NTX, EK L15 (lin-15(+)] X (McIntire et al., 1997) was crossed with unc-119(ed3) to generate EG1322: unc-119(ed3)III; lin15(n765ts) oxIs12 X. We generated an unc-119(e ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... which plasticity of motor output of the CPG can arise. Each CPG subunit is a conditional neuronal oscillator that can be independently rhythmically active. The subunits also can be functionally linked in different combinations and in different temporal patterns. Additional motor plasticity can arise ...
... which plasticity of motor output of the CPG can arise. Each CPG subunit is a conditional neuronal oscillator that can be independently rhythmically active. The subunits also can be functionally linked in different combinations and in different temporal patterns. Additional motor plasticity can arise ...
Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral
... Effects of luminance modulation outside the RF We reported previously that a significant percentage of neurons in striate cortex respond to luminance modulation outside the RF (Rossi et al., 1996). Here we will briefly review the key elements of the cortical results and provide additional analysis a ...
... Effects of luminance modulation outside the RF We reported previously that a significant percentage of neurons in striate cortex respond to luminance modulation outside the RF (Rossi et al., 1996). Here we will briefly review the key elements of the cortical results and provide additional analysis a ...
The dorsal raphe nucleus—From silver stainings to a role in
... he studied in newborn rabbit and kitten, was the raphe area. Cajal observed that the DRN contained four types of neurons, which he described as being voluminous, fusiform, triangular and stellate. His description is in accordance with modern reports on other mammals, which also identify four morphol ...
... he studied in newborn rabbit and kitten, was the raphe area. Cajal observed that the DRN contained four types of neurons, which he described as being voluminous, fusiform, triangular and stellate. His description is in accordance with modern reports on other mammals, which also identify four morphol ...
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an
... different, but overlapping, areas of the midbrain (Figure 3; Figure 3-figure supplement 1; Figure 3-figure supplement 2; Figure 3-figure supplement 3) (Bjorklund and Dunnett, 2007; Haber, 2014; Lammel et al., 2008; Swanson, 1982). Interestingly, we observed an overlapping but dorsolaterally shifted ...
... different, but overlapping, areas of the midbrain (Figure 3; Figure 3-figure supplement 1; Figure 3-figure supplement 2; Figure 3-figure supplement 3) (Bjorklund and Dunnett, 2007; Haber, 2014; Lammel et al., 2008; Swanson, 1982). Interestingly, we observed an overlapping but dorsolaterally shifted ...
Dynamics and Synchronization of Motifs of Neuronal Populations in the Presence
... Along the history, a multitude of clinical studies involving brain damage show that some brain functions depend on the integrity of specific brain areas (Kolb and Whishaw, 1990; Sporns, 2010). This represents another rich field supporting the principle of segregation in the brain. Altogether, these ...
... Along the history, a multitude of clinical studies involving brain damage show that some brain functions depend on the integrity of specific brain areas (Kolb and Whishaw, 1990; Sporns, 2010). This represents another rich field supporting the principle of segregation in the brain. Altogether, these ...
2011-Morrison and Nakamura_review
... degrees by different species. Although the experimental basis to be described for the model in Figure 2 has been determined largely from studies in rodents and often under anesthetized conditions, the fundamental neural circuits elucidated through this work are expected to exist across a wide variet ...
... degrees by different species. Although the experimental basis to be described for the model in Figure 2 has been determined largely from studies in rodents and often under anesthetized conditions, the fundamental neural circuits elucidated through this work are expected to exist across a wide variet ...
The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks
... Frontal cortex is the main driving force of the BG as indicated by its massive topographically and functionally organized pathways. Together they control the ability to carry all aspects of goal directed behaviors including the motivation and cognition that drives and organizes them, along with thei ...
... Frontal cortex is the main driving force of the BG as indicated by its massive topographically and functionally organized pathways. Together they control the ability to carry all aspects of goal directed behaviors including the motivation and cognition that drives and organizes them, along with thei ...
