Dynamics of sensory processing in the dual olfactory pathway of the
... (Krofczik et al. 2008). In contrast, the study by Müller et al. (2002) found that m-PNs are more specific (∼25 % activating odors) than l-PNs (∼50 %), albeit tested at the highest stimulus concentration (pure odors). The general result of a rather broad odor tuning at the level of PNs has been obser ...
... (Krofczik et al. 2008). In contrast, the study by Müller et al. (2002) found that m-PNs are more specific (∼25 % activating odors) than l-PNs (∼50 %), albeit tested at the highest stimulus concentration (pure odors). The general result of a rather broad odor tuning at the level of PNs has been obser ...
Long-Term Depression in Identified Stellate Neurons of Juvenile Rat
... to use intracellular solution that did not contain QX-314. However, the contamination of the action potential prevented reliable recordings of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). We therefore included a low concentration (0.2 mM) of QX-314 in the recording pipettes. After formation of whole ce ...
... to use intracellular solution that did not contain QX-314. However, the contamination of the action potential prevented reliable recordings of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). We therefore included a low concentration (0.2 mM) of QX-314 in the recording pipettes. After formation of whole ce ...
Pierre Berthet Computational Modeling of the Basal Ganglia – Functional Pathways
... better representation of the world in order to compute the best motor response possible in that environment. One thing seems certain, there is only trough motor output that one can interact on and influence the environment (Wolpert et al., 1995). It has furthermore been proposed that the functional ...
... better representation of the world in order to compute the best motor response possible in that environment. One thing seems certain, there is only trough motor output that one can interact on and influence the environment (Wolpert et al., 1995). It has furthermore been proposed that the functional ...
Poly(A) Binding Protein Nuclear 1 regulates the
... isoforms should result in an increase in the levels of the short 3’UTR isoforms and hence no net effect on the total transcript level (Jenal et al., 2012). When in situ probes directed against the coding sequence were used, both the Gria2 and the Camk2a transcript population showed decreases in Pabp ...
... isoforms should result in an increase in the levels of the short 3’UTR isoforms and hence no net effect on the total transcript level (Jenal et al., 2012). When in situ probes directed against the coding sequence were used, both the Gria2 and the Camk2a transcript population showed decreases in Pabp ...
Smell, Taste, Texture, and Temperature
... the food with which they had been satiated tasted almost as intense as when they were hungry, though much less pleasant.21 This comparison is consistent with the possibility that activity in the frontal opercular and insular taste cortices, as well as the nucleus of the solitary tract, does not refle ...
... the food with which they had been satiated tasted almost as intense as when they were hungry, though much less pleasant.21 This comparison is consistent with the possibility that activity in the frontal opercular and insular taste cortices, as well as the nucleus of the solitary tract, does not refle ...
Glutamate Inhibits GABA Excitatory Activity in
... suggest that GABAergic activity develops early and that glutamate activity occurs soon after. This raises the question as to the possible interaction between the two primary transmitters of the brain during early development. If both GABA and glutamate are excitatory, what prevents the neurons in th ...
... suggest that GABAergic activity develops early and that glutamate activity occurs soon after. This raises the question as to the possible interaction between the two primary transmitters of the brain during early development. If both GABA and glutamate are excitatory, what prevents the neurons in th ...
2nd year - FORTH-ICS - Foundation for Research and Technology
... recent study uses the term ‘imitation in an observational learning context’ to report immediate imitation of novel actions (McDuffie et al., J. Autism Dev Disord: 37, 401-412, 2007). Observational learning however is defined as the capacity to acquire an action strategy through observation only of o ...
... recent study uses the term ‘imitation in an observational learning context’ to report immediate imitation of novel actions (McDuffie et al., J. Autism Dev Disord: 37, 401-412, 2007). Observational learning however is defined as the capacity to acquire an action strategy through observation only of o ...
(2012) Prediction of economic choice by primate amygdala neurons
... To confirm that monkeys tracked accumulated rewards over consecutive save choices, we offered them, on randomly selected control trials, a choice between the accumulated reward and fixed reward amounts, which were indicated by pretrained visual cues. Both animals consistently chose the fixed reward whe ...
... To confirm that monkeys tracked accumulated rewards over consecutive save choices, we offered them, on randomly selected control trials, a choice between the accumulated reward and fixed reward amounts, which were indicated by pretrained visual cues. Both animals consistently chose the fixed reward whe ...
location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral
... molecular composition of odour eliciting a locomotory response has been studied by Visser (1976), whereas the mechanisms of host odour recognition have been analyzed by de Jong (1988). In spite of much effort spent on understanding the function of the nervous system, the brain is still a 'black box' ...
... molecular composition of odour eliciting a locomotory response has been studied by Visser (1976), whereas the mechanisms of host odour recognition have been analyzed by de Jong (1988). In spite of much effort spent on understanding the function of the nervous system, the brain is still a 'black box' ...
THE AREA POSTREMA: A POTENTIAL SITE FOR CIRCADIAN REGULATION BY
... In current-clamp recordings, focal application of 1µM PK2 reversibly influenced the excitability of the majority of dissociated AP cells tested, producing both depolarizations (38%) and hyperpolarizations (28%) in a concentration-dependent manner. Slow voltage ramps and ion substitution experiments ...
... In current-clamp recordings, focal application of 1µM PK2 reversibly influenced the excitability of the majority of dissociated AP cells tested, producing both depolarizations (38%) and hyperpolarizations (28%) in a concentration-dependent manner. Slow voltage ramps and ion substitution experiments ...
MMNeuropharm2011
... cocaine exposure elicits long-lasting synaptic adaptations at excitatory synapses on VTA DA neurons. Furthermore, drug-evoked plasticity can be generalized to other addictive drugs. Additional experiments with amphetamine, morphine, ethanol, nicotine and benzodiazepines (Saal et al., 2003; Tan et al ...
... cocaine exposure elicits long-lasting synaptic adaptations at excitatory synapses on VTA DA neurons. Furthermore, drug-evoked plasticity can be generalized to other addictive drugs. Additional experiments with amphetamine, morphine, ethanol, nicotine and benzodiazepines (Saal et al., 2003; Tan et al ...
BOLD fMRI study of ultrahigh frequency encoding in the
... studies that probed neuronal responses to behaviorally relevant sound in the auditory system. In the mustached bat, neurons in the auditory cortex as well as the IC were found to display excitatory or inhibitory responses when two tones with different frequencies were presented simultaneously (two-t ...
... studies that probed neuronal responses to behaviorally relevant sound in the auditory system. In the mustached bat, neurons in the auditory cortex as well as the IC were found to display excitatory or inhibitory responses when two tones with different frequencies were presented simultaneously (two-t ...
Anatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system
... anorexic effect53. On the cellular level, electrophysiological analyses suggest that ghrelin acts on the arcuate NPY/AgRP neurons to coordinately activate these orexigenic cells, while inhibiting the anorexigenic POMC cells by increasing GABA release onto them38. Ghrelin can also stimulate appetite ...
... anorexic effect53. On the cellular level, electrophysiological analyses suggest that ghrelin acts on the arcuate NPY/AgRP neurons to coordinately activate these orexigenic cells, while inhibiting the anorexigenic POMC cells by increasing GABA release onto them38. Ghrelin can also stimulate appetite ...
Temporal Patterning of Neural Progenitors in Drosophila
... expressed throughout the entire NB lineage, Chinmo protein shows a temporal gradient in the neuronal progeny. It is absent in NBs and is expressed at its highest levels in the early-born neurons, lower in the next-born neurons, and undetectable in the latest-born neurons. Reducing or increasing Chin ...
... expressed throughout the entire NB lineage, Chinmo protein shows a temporal gradient in the neuronal progeny. It is absent in NBs and is expressed at its highest levels in the early-born neurons, lower in the next-born neurons, and undetectable in the latest-born neurons. Reducing or increasing Chin ...
here - University of California San Diego
... Increased synaptic connectivity due to sensory axon plasticity. Using our conditioning lesion paradigm by injecting trace amount of EtBr, proprioceptive axon plasticity is greatly increased, resulting in greater extent of regeneration than sciatic nerve crush (manuscript in press, 10.1016/j.expneuro ...
... Increased synaptic connectivity due to sensory axon plasticity. Using our conditioning lesion paradigm by injecting trace amount of EtBr, proprioceptive axon plasticity is greatly increased, resulting in greater extent of regeneration than sciatic nerve crush (manuscript in press, 10.1016/j.expneuro ...
Chapter 36 Locomotion
... nearly a century ago when it was found that removing the cerebral hemispheres in dogs did not abolish walking—decerebrate animals are still able to walk spontaneously. One animal was observed to rear itself up in order to rest its forepaws on a gate at feeding time. It was soon discovered that stepp ...
... nearly a century ago when it was found that removing the cerebral hemispheres in dogs did not abolish walking—decerebrate animals are still able to walk spontaneously. One animal was observed to rear itself up in order to rest its forepaws on a gate at feeding time. It was soon discovered that stepp ...
Contrasting Effects of Reward Expectation on Sensory and Motor
... required to fixate on this confirmation cue for 1 s, and a water reward was delivered depending on the reward condition (the large reward was ~0.3 ml; the small reward was ~0.01 ml). The contingency of cue and reward size was alternated blockwise after recording 13 trials at least for every task cond ...
... required to fixate on this confirmation cue for 1 s, and a water reward was delivered depending on the reward condition (the large reward was ~0.3 ml; the small reward was ~0.01 ml). The contingency of cue and reward size was alternated blockwise after recording 13 trials at least for every task cond ...
Supplementary Motor Area and Presupplementary Motor Area
... of movement sequences (Goldberg, 1985; Tanji, 1994). More recently, the region traditionally included within the SMA has been subdivided into two distinct areas: the SMA proper (SMA) and a more rostrally located presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) (Luppino et al., 1991; Matsuzaka et al., 1992; Pic ...
... of movement sequences (Goldberg, 1985; Tanji, 1994). More recently, the region traditionally included within the SMA has been subdivided into two distinct areas: the SMA proper (SMA) and a more rostrally located presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) (Luppino et al., 1991; Matsuzaka et al., 1992; Pic ...
Diversity of laminar connections linking periarcuate and
... Lateral prefrontal and intraparietal cortices have strong connectional and functional associations but it is unclear how their common visuomotor, perceptual and working memory functions arise. The hierarchical scheme of cortical processing assumes that prefrontal cortex issues ‘feedback’ projections ...
... Lateral prefrontal and intraparietal cortices have strong connectional and functional associations but it is unclear how their common visuomotor, perceptual and working memory functions arise. The hierarchical scheme of cortical processing assumes that prefrontal cortex issues ‘feedback’ projections ...
The Spinal Interneurons and Properties of
... vertebrates in which the spinal pathway from a skin stimulus to a motor response can be traced, synapse by synapse, from the sensory receptors via defined interneurons to the motoneurons (mn). It also sheds some light on a second question: what happens when central glutamatergic synapses develop in ...
... vertebrates in which the spinal pathway from a skin stimulus to a motor response can be traced, synapse by synapse, from the sensory receptors via defined interneurons to the motoneurons (mn). It also sheds some light on a second question: what happens when central glutamatergic synapses develop in ...
A behavioral switch: cGMP and PKC signaling in olfactory neurons
... adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as little as ten minutes leads to salt avoidance, a reversal of normal behavior (Tomioka et al. ...
... adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as little as ten minutes leads to salt avoidance, a reversal of normal behavior (Tomioka et al. ...
Different Subthreshold Mechanisms Underlie Song Selectivity in
... subthreshold responsiveness in spiking and nonspiking cells, raw traces first were median-filtered (each point was replaced by the median value of the surrounding 50 points, equivalent to 5 msec at the 10 kHz sampling rate used here). Median-filtering removed the action potential (which was typicall ...
... subthreshold responsiveness in spiking and nonspiking cells, raw traces first were median-filtered (each point was replaced by the median value of the surrounding 50 points, equivalent to 5 msec at the 10 kHz sampling rate used here). Median-filtering removed the action potential (which was typicall ...
Alexander et al., 2009
... would only be expressed in the cells expressing both markers, making investigation of more specific subpopulations of neurons of interest possible. Some groups have even used a Fos-based transgenic approach to introduce DREADDs into neurons naturally activated by sensory experience (Garner et al., 2 ...
... would only be expressed in the cells expressing both markers, making investigation of more specific subpopulations of neurons of interest possible. Some groups have even used a Fos-based transgenic approach to introduce DREADDs into neurons naturally activated by sensory experience (Garner et al., 2 ...