AMPA Receptor Calcium Permeability, GluR2
... C ells were accepted for study if a stable seal formed with a whole-cell resistance of at least 120 MV and access resistance of ,10 MV. Responses were recorded using an Axopatch 1D amplifier (Axon Instruments, Foster C ity, CA). All recordings were performed at room temperature. All surfaces of the ...
... C ells were accepted for study if a stable seal formed with a whole-cell resistance of at least 120 MV and access resistance of ,10 MV. Responses were recorded using an Axopatch 1D amplifier (Axon Instruments, Foster C ity, CA). All recordings were performed at room temperature. All surfaces of the ...
Convergence in Mammalian Nucleus of Solitary Tract During
... Second-order neurons were identified during recording sessions by their biphasic action potentials and distinctive response characteristics, especially receptive field size and NaCl responsiveness. In subsequent data analysis the very different neural response properties of the secondorder cells. co ...
... Second-order neurons were identified during recording sessions by their biphasic action potentials and distinctive response characteristics, especially receptive field size and NaCl responsiveness. In subsequent data analysis the very different neural response properties of the secondorder cells. co ...
SAD Kinases Sculpt Axonal Arbors of Sensory Neurons through
... trigeminal tract in normal numbers, but had sparse arbors that failed to reach the correct target region in the BSTC and did not branch extensively (Figures 3J and S3B). Neurofilament staining showed no difference in overall structure between mutant and control BSTC (Figures S3C and S3D). Cumulative ...
... trigeminal tract in normal numbers, but had sparse arbors that failed to reach the correct target region in the BSTC and did not branch extensively (Figures 3J and S3B). Neurofilament staining showed no difference in overall structure between mutant and control BSTC (Figures S3C and S3D). Cumulative ...
A Possible Role for Cholinergic Neurons of the Basal Forebrain and
... incompatible with notions that, especially under certain circumstances, monoaminergic afferents play similar roles to those of the cholinergic afferents and that the intrinsic circuits of the cerebral cortex acting via amino acid neurotransmitter receptors are also critical to consciousness (e.g., s ...
... incompatible with notions that, especially under certain circumstances, monoaminergic afferents play similar roles to those of the cholinergic afferents and that the intrinsic circuits of the cerebral cortex acting via amino acid neurotransmitter receptors are also critical to consciousness (e.g., s ...
The Control of Voluntary Eye Movements: New Perspectives
... the SC. As with the direct projections to the brain stem, the pathways through the basal ganglia are well established for saccades but have only recently been demonstrated for pursuit (Cui and others 2003). In summary, although pursuit and saccades have historically been viewed as anatomically dist ...
... the SC. As with the direct projections to the brain stem, the pathways through the basal ganglia are well established for saccades but have only recently been demonstrated for pursuit (Cui and others 2003). In summary, although pursuit and saccades have historically been viewed as anatomically dist ...
Single unit and extracellular firing rate recordings in vivo
... solution. We used the following electrophysiological criteria to identify TM neurons. They exhibit a regular, spontaneous firing rate (typically 2 – 6 Hz) and no burst firing at a resting membrane potential of approximately -50 mV, a broad action potential with a Ca2+ shoulder, and a long after-hype ...
... solution. We used the following electrophysiological criteria to identify TM neurons. They exhibit a regular, spontaneous firing rate (typically 2 – 6 Hz) and no burst firing at a resting membrane potential of approximately -50 mV, a broad action potential with a Ca2+ shoulder, and a long after-hype ...
Intelligent agents capable of developing memory of their environment
... One of these is concerned with ’Bottom-up specification, design, and construction of a succession of computational models of brain function’. Our research is concerned with just such a computational model. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), have long been seen as a computational equivalent of the br ...
... One of these is concerned with ’Bottom-up specification, design, and construction of a succession of computational models of brain function’. Our research is concerned with just such a computational model. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), have long been seen as a computational equivalent of the br ...
Region Specific Micromodularity in the Uppermost Layers in Primate
... 0.36–1.49 mm2, using a ×20 objective lens. The size of the area examined was constrained by the extent of flatness within the region. This was frequently too small to allow for random sampling with a grid. Therefore, rather than employ an unbiased sampling procedure, we instead measured all the avai ...
... 0.36–1.49 mm2, using a ×20 objective lens. The size of the area examined was constrained by the extent of flatness within the region. This was frequently too small to allow for random sampling with a grid. Therefore, rather than employ an unbiased sampling procedure, we instead measured all the avai ...
Kandel ch. 43 + Two review papers
... The Skeletomotor Circuit Engages Specific Portions of the Cerebral Cortex, Basal Ganglia, and Thalamus Since movement disorders are prominent in diseases of the basal ganglia, it is appropriate here to focus on the skeletomotor circuit. In primates the skeletomotor circuit originates in the cerebral ...
... The Skeletomotor Circuit Engages Specific Portions of the Cerebral Cortex, Basal Ganglia, and Thalamus Since movement disorders are prominent in diseases of the basal ganglia, it is appropriate here to focus on the skeletomotor circuit. In primates the skeletomotor circuit originates in the cerebral ...
Executive Control Over Cognition: Stronger and Earlier Rule
... To characterize the neural mechanisms involved in computational flexibility and executive control over spatial cognitive processing at the network level, we simultaneously recorded neural activity in prefrontal and parietal cortex of monkeys as they assigned the same set of visual stimuli to alterna ...
... To characterize the neural mechanisms involved in computational flexibility and executive control over spatial cognitive processing at the network level, we simultaneously recorded neural activity in prefrontal and parietal cortex of monkeys as they assigned the same set of visual stimuli to alterna ...
Volatile Solvents as Drugs of Abuse: Focus on the Cortico
... such as dependence, withdrawal, and cognitive impairments. We describe how toluene, the most commonly studied psychoactive volatile solvent, alters synaptic transmission in key brain circuits such as the mesolimbic dopamine system and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that are thought to underlie addi ...
... such as dependence, withdrawal, and cognitive impairments. We describe how toluene, the most commonly studied psychoactive volatile solvent, alters synaptic transmission in key brain circuits such as the mesolimbic dopamine system and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that are thought to underlie addi ...
Serotonin modulates responses to species
... Here we explore one aspect of this issue by evaluating the influence of serotonin on responses to species-specific calls in the inferior colliculus (IC) of Mexican freetailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana). The IC is a site for the convergence and integration of both excitatory and inhibitory i ...
... Here we explore one aspect of this issue by evaluating the influence of serotonin on responses to species-specific calls in the inferior colliculus (IC) of Mexican freetailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana). The IC is a site for the convergence and integration of both excitatory and inhibitory i ...
Coincidence Detection or Temporal Integration?
... must be more important for sensory coding than spike timing because information about the timing of synaptic inputs is not preserved by integrate-and-fire mechanisms (Shadlen and Newsome, 1994, 1998). These conclusions, however, are based almost entirely on studies that either used computer modeling ...
... must be more important for sensory coding than spike timing because information about the timing of synaptic inputs is not preserved by integrate-and-fire mechanisms (Shadlen and Newsome, 1994, 1998). These conclusions, however, are based almost entirely on studies that either used computer modeling ...
Feedforward and feedback inhibition in neostriatal GABAergic spiny
... neurons of about 1 mV or IPSCs over 100 pA, and short bursts of action potentials in FS interneurons led to compound IPSPs that could summate up to 7 mV or several hundred pA in spiny neurons (Koós and Tepper, 1999; Koós et al., 2004). The IPSP is functionally strong enough to delay or completely su ...
... neurons of about 1 mV or IPSCs over 100 pA, and short bursts of action potentials in FS interneurons led to compound IPSPs that could summate up to 7 mV or several hundred pA in spiny neurons (Koós and Tepper, 1999; Koós et al., 2004). The IPSP is functionally strong enough to delay or completely su ...
Slide 1
... and proximal apical/basal dendrites (green) receive separate synaptic inputs in a variety of types of pyramidal cells. (B) Summation of inputs onto a single dendritic branch (but not between branches) leads to a dendritic spike that remains below threshold for an action potential at the soma. It has ...
... and proximal apical/basal dendrites (green) receive separate synaptic inputs in a variety of types of pyramidal cells. (B) Summation of inputs onto a single dendritic branch (but not between branches) leads to a dendritic spike that remains below threshold for an action potential at the soma. It has ...
Jesús Pujol Martí Neural map organization and development in the lateral-line system
... Most of the research on these issues has been carried out on the visual and olfactory sensory systems. I have chosen the lateral-line sensory system of the zebrafish larva because it is anatomically simple yet functionally complex, mediating contrasting behaviours that are also present in the adult ...
... Most of the research on these issues has been carried out on the visual and olfactory sensory systems. I have chosen the lateral-line sensory system of the zebrafish larva because it is anatomically simple yet functionally complex, mediating contrasting behaviours that are also present in the adult ...
Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus
... The SN pars compacta (SNc) and pars reticulata (SNr) are interconnected with the PPN (Saper and Loewy, 1982; Woolf and Butcher, 1986). In the rat and monkey, SNc dopaminergic neurons receive direct glutamatergic and cholinergic input from PPN neurons (Sugimoto and Hattori, 1984; Clarke et al., 1987; ...
... The SN pars compacta (SNc) and pars reticulata (SNr) are interconnected with the PPN (Saper and Loewy, 1982; Woolf and Butcher, 1986). In the rat and monkey, SNc dopaminergic neurons receive direct glutamatergic and cholinergic input from PPN neurons (Sugimoto and Hattori, 1984; Clarke et al., 1987; ...
Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus
... et al. 2008a). Neurons of the same type tend to fire together, with small phase differences, whereas different types of neuron tend not to do so (Mallet et al. 2008a). This diversity in temporal coupling persisted across SWA and activated brain states, suggesting it is strongly governed by ‘hard wir ...
... et al. 2008a). Neurons of the same type tend to fire together, with small phase differences, whereas different types of neuron tend not to do so (Mallet et al. 2008a). This diversity in temporal coupling persisted across SWA and activated brain states, suggesting it is strongly governed by ‘hard wir ...
Hippocampus, 22, 1703-1719
... while in the apparatus (i.e., no freezing, defecating/urinating, vocalizations, etc.). A separate group of rats (n 5 6) tested with this moderate intensity shock prolonged escape latency (see Fig. 1A) when retested 1 h or 24 h later, while those exposed to the context-only (n 5 8) without foot shock ...
... while in the apparatus (i.e., no freezing, defecating/urinating, vocalizations, etc.). A separate group of rats (n 5 6) tested with this moderate intensity shock prolonged escape latency (see Fig. 1A) when retested 1 h or 24 h later, while those exposed to the context-only (n 5 8) without foot shock ...
Comparison of Primate Prefrontal and Inferior Temporal
... our sensory environment. Several recent studies have reported neuronal correlates of visual categories in two interconnected cortical areas involved in visual recognition, memory, and other visual functions: the inferior temporal cortex (ITC) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (Vogels, 1999; Freedman e ...
... our sensory environment. Several recent studies have reported neuronal correlates of visual categories in two interconnected cortical areas involved in visual recognition, memory, and other visual functions: the inferior temporal cortex (ITC) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (Vogels, 1999; Freedman e ...
Dynamics of sensory processing in the dual olfactory pathway of the
... (Krofczik et al. 2008). In contrast, the study by Müller et al. (2002) found that m-PNs are more specific (∼25 % activating odors) than l-PNs (∼50 %), albeit tested at the highest stimulus concentration (pure odors). The general result of a rather broad odor tuning at the level of PNs has been obser ...
... (Krofczik et al. 2008). In contrast, the study by Müller et al. (2002) found that m-PNs are more specific (∼25 % activating odors) than l-PNs (∼50 %), albeit tested at the highest stimulus concentration (pure odors). The general result of a rather broad odor tuning at the level of PNs has been obser ...