Learning-related postburst afterhyperpolarization reduction in CA1
... PKA demonstrated to be crucial for the late, protein synthesisdependent phase (6, 24–26). One of the signaling pathways that leads to protein synthesis involves PKA-mediated activation of MAPK, and subsequently, cAMP-response element-binding proteins (CREB) (6, 25, 27). Transgenic mice with a consti ...
... PKA demonstrated to be crucial for the late, protein synthesisdependent phase (6, 24–26). One of the signaling pathways that leads to protein synthesis involves PKA-mediated activation of MAPK, and subsequently, cAMP-response element-binding proteins (CREB) (6, 25, 27). Transgenic mice with a consti ...
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... Module 2-1 Neurons:The Body's Wiring The Structure of the Neuron LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.2.01 - Define what a neuron is, identify the parts of the neuron, and explain how neurons communicate with each other. KEYWORDS: Define/Describe 15. Regarding the nervous system, which of the followi ...
... Module 2-1 Neurons:The Body's Wiring The Structure of the Neuron LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.2.01 - Define what a neuron is, identify the parts of the neuron, and explain how neurons communicate with each other. KEYWORDS: Define/Describe 15. Regarding the nervous system, which of the followi ...
Sensorimotor cortical influences on cuneate nucleus
... nucleus (signaled by white arrowheads). The intracellular recording electrode schematized within a CL points to two superimposed records in one of which a collision between one orthodromic and one antidromic spike occurred. ML stimulus artifacts are marked by asterisks. R, recording; S, stimulation; ...
... nucleus (signaled by white arrowheads). The intracellular recording electrode schematized within a CL points to two superimposed records in one of which a collision between one orthodromic and one antidromic spike occurred. ML stimulus artifacts are marked by asterisks. R, recording; S, stimulation; ...
Topographic Organization of Connections Between the Hypothalamus and
... *Correspondence to: Nancy Rempel-Clower, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., #425, Boston, MA ...
... *Correspondence to: Nancy Rempel-Clower, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., #425, Boston, MA ...
Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite Automata
... We shall see later (Section 5.5) that there is no loss of generality in considering the representation, in the case of ·nerve nets, to have the simple form of the firing (or sometimes the non-firing instead) at a certain time of a certain neuron. Por explaining response as due to stimulus., 1 t woul ...
... We shall see later (Section 5.5) that there is no loss of generality in considering the representation, in the case of ·nerve nets, to have the simple form of the firing (or sometimes the non-firing instead) at a certain time of a certain neuron. Por explaining response as due to stimulus., 1 t woul ...
Neural Networks
... offer as many people as possible access to the field of neural networks. Nevertheless, the mathematically and formally skilled readers will be able to understand the definitions without reading the running text, while the opposite holds for readers only interested in the subject matter; everything i ...
... offer as many people as possible access to the field of neural networks. Nevertheless, the mathematically and formally skilled readers will be able to understand the definitions without reading the running text, while the opposite holds for readers only interested in the subject matter; everything i ...
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... a. A tiny gap that separates one neuron from another through which messages are carried b. The tube-like part of a neuron that carries messages to other neurons c. Root-like structures that receive neural impulses from other neurons d. Body organs or structures that produce secretions e. A bundle of ...
... a. A tiny gap that separates one neuron from another through which messages are carried b. The tube-like part of a neuron that carries messages to other neurons c. Root-like structures that receive neural impulses from other neurons d. Body organs or structures that produce secretions e. A bundle of ...
Sprecher_2011_larval.. - Institute of Neuroinformatics
... including main neuronal elements contributing to LON: larval photoreceptors (lp, red), bn (red); optic lobe pioneers (OLP, blue), PDF neurons (PDF; green), serotonergic neurons (5HT; yellow), OOA (brown). E: Z-projection of a confocal stack (17 μm) showing larval photoreceptor projections. Rh5 and R ...
... including main neuronal elements contributing to LON: larval photoreceptors (lp, red), bn (red); optic lobe pioneers (OLP, blue), PDF neurons (PDF; green), serotonergic neurons (5HT; yellow), OOA (brown). E: Z-projection of a confocal stack (17 μm) showing larval photoreceptor projections. Rh5 and R ...
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials Trigger a Plateau Potential in Rat
... have observed plateau potentials evoked by current injections (Nakanishi et al. 1987; Overton and Greenfield 1995). But it is not known whether plateau potentials can be triggered by synaptic potentials. In the present study, we therefore tested whether activation of excitatory synaptic inputs to ST ...
... have observed plateau potentials evoked by current injections (Nakanishi et al. 1987; Overton and Greenfield 1995). But it is not known whether plateau potentials can be triggered by synaptic potentials. In the present study, we therefore tested whether activation of excitatory synaptic inputs to ST ...
Carlsson J Neurosci 2007 (pdf 2,2 MB)
... net full-body turns per minute. A positive value indicates rotations ipsilateral to the lesion side. Amphetamine-induced rotation was recorded at 2 weeks after the 6-OHDA lesion to evaluate the extension of the lesion, and at 8 weeks after transplantation to confirm the presence of surviving functio ...
... net full-body turns per minute. A positive value indicates rotations ipsilateral to the lesion side. Amphetamine-induced rotation was recorded at 2 weeks after the 6-OHDA lesion to evaluate the extension of the lesion, and at 8 weeks after transplantation to confirm the presence of surviving functio ...
Cortical areas are linked through pathways which originate and
... basis of the unique cellular features of each area. The rationale for focusing on structure is based on our previous findings suggesting that cortical type, rather than cellular morphology, appears to underlie the pattern of corticocortical connections (Barbas, 1986). For example, whereas limbic cor ...
... basis of the unique cellular features of each area. The rationale for focusing on structure is based on our previous findings suggesting that cortical type, rather than cellular morphology, appears to underlie the pattern of corticocortical connections (Barbas, 1986). For example, whereas limbic cor ...
Galanin in Alzheimer s disease: Neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective?
... study of GAL-ir profiles in the NB of people clinically diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment, a putative preclinical AD stage [37] or mild AD revealed no evidence for GAL hyperinnervation of this CBF region during the prodromal or early stages of AD [38]. Taken together, these findings indicate ...
... study of GAL-ir profiles in the NB of people clinically diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment, a putative preclinical AD stage [37] or mild AD revealed no evidence for GAL hyperinnervation of this CBF region during the prodromal or early stages of AD [38]. Taken together, these findings indicate ...
Rearrangement of microtubule polarity orientation during conversion
... end-distal microtubules in this example) as well as in the mid-region (Figs. 4E and 4G; Table 1). These observations suggest that the change in microtubule polarity orientation propagated proximally between *11 and 72 h of culture. To exclude the possibility that our culture conditions were not suffi ...
... end-distal microtubules in this example) as well as in the mid-region (Figs. 4E and 4G; Table 1). These observations suggest that the change in microtubule polarity orientation propagated proximally between *11 and 72 h of culture. To exclude the possibility that our culture conditions were not suffi ...
Axonal Dopamine Receptors Activate Peripheral Spike
... neurons release transmitter as a graded function of membrane potential and are reciprocally inhibitory (Fig. 2 F) (Russell and Graubard, 1987; Hartline and Graubard, 1992), it is not possible from these experiments alone to determine whether either or both of the neurons is a direct target of the do ...
... neurons release transmitter as a graded function of membrane potential and are reciprocally inhibitory (Fig. 2 F) (Russell and Graubard, 1987; Hartline and Graubard, 1992), it is not possible from these experiments alone to determine whether either or both of the neurons is a direct target of the do ...
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
... and fewer oblique apical dendrites than layer II/III pyramidal neurons. The apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons branch closer to the soma than those of CA1 pyramidal neurons, which typically have a more distinctive main apical dendrite and tuft. CA3 pyramidal neurons also have a cl ...
... and fewer oblique apical dendrites than layer II/III pyramidal neurons. The apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons branch closer to the soma than those of CA1 pyramidal neurons, which typically have a more distinctive main apical dendrite and tuft. CA3 pyramidal neurons also have a cl ...
Disc1Point Mutations in Mice Affect Development of the Cerebral
... ANOVA (SPSS 13.0), followed by Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing. To further confirm significance, Student’s two-tailed t test was performed in comparing two sets of data. Data are expressed as mean ⫾ SEM. A significance level of p ⬍ 0.05 was used for all analyses. Figure 2. Decreased neu ...
... ANOVA (SPSS 13.0), followed by Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing. To further confirm significance, Student’s two-tailed t test was performed in comparing two sets of data. Data are expressed as mean ⫾ SEM. A significance level of p ⬍ 0.05 was used for all analyses. Figure 2. Decreased neu ...
Motor Cortex Neural Correlates of Output Kinematics and Kinetics
... rectangular box was drawn about the cursor (Fig. 1) and moved with it on the monitor as the monkeys generated horizontal forces or J Neurophysiol • VOL ...
... rectangular box was drawn about the cursor (Fig. 1) and moved with it on the monitor as the monkeys generated horizontal forces or J Neurophysiol • VOL ...
Projections from the brain to the spinal cord in the mouse Huazheng
... identified at 10× magnification. Each labeled cell was marked by a dot on the drawing. Labeled cells were identified on the basis that they contained a nucleus. In many cases a nucleolus was seen, but no attempt was make to ensure that each counted cell contained a nucleolus. For this reason, the co ...
... identified at 10× magnification. Each labeled cell was marked by a dot on the drawing. Labeled cells were identified on the basis that they contained a nucleus. In many cases a nucleolus was seen, but no attempt was make to ensure that each counted cell contained a nucleolus. For this reason, the co ...
Experience-dependent corticofugal adjustment
... ‘‘unmatched’’ subcortical neurons. This cortical function for the adjustment and improvement of subcortical information processing is called egocentric selection. Egocentric selection enhances the neural representation of frequently occurring signals in the central auditory system. For our present s ...
... ‘‘unmatched’’ subcortical neurons. This cortical function for the adjustment and improvement of subcortical information processing is called egocentric selection. Egocentric selection enhances the neural representation of frequently occurring signals in the central auditory system. For our present s ...
Epileptiform Activity Can Be Initiated in Various Neocortical Layers
... J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1965–1973, 1999. The initiation site for triggering epileptiform activity was investigated via optical imaging using voltage-sensitive dyes in the neocortical slice perfused with artificial cerebral spinal fluid containing nominally zero magnesium. The neocortical slices (400-mm ...
... J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1965–1973, 1999. The initiation site for triggering epileptiform activity was investigated via optical imaging using voltage-sensitive dyes in the neocortical slice perfused with artificial cerebral spinal fluid containing nominally zero magnesium. The neocortical slices (400-mm ...
Independent and Convergent Signals From the Pontomedullary
... that serve to stabilize the body or body segment during the execution of the movement itself. These postural responses are also anticipatory in nature because they occur before there is any possibility of feedback from the movement itself influencing the response (Massion 1992). They are referred to ...
... that serve to stabilize the body or body segment during the execution of the movement itself. These postural responses are also anticipatory in nature because they occur before there is any possibility of feedback from the movement itself influencing the response (Massion 1992). They are referred to ...
themes - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
... The intrinsic esophageal peristalsis is mediated by the NANC inhibitory and cholinergic excitatory myenteric neurons acting in concert. Although usually termed inhibitory, stimulation of the NANC nerves in smooth muscle strips elicits a biphasic response that consists of inhibition followed by a reb ...
... The intrinsic esophageal peristalsis is mediated by the NANC inhibitory and cholinergic excitatory myenteric neurons acting in concert. Although usually termed inhibitory, stimulation of the NANC nerves in smooth muscle strips elicits a biphasic response that consists of inhibition followed by a reb ...
Full-Text PDF
... it is unlikely that the observed effects were due to changes in network activity since VGLUT1 was knocked down in less than 1% of neurons. In addition, it is unlikely that these effects were due to altered action potential generation in either the knockdown neuron or its postsynaptic partner since ( ...
... it is unlikely that the observed effects were due to changes in network activity since VGLUT1 was knocked down in less than 1% of neurons. In addition, it is unlikely that these effects were due to altered action potential generation in either the knockdown neuron or its postsynaptic partner since ( ...
Glial cells modulate the synaptic transmission of NTS neurons
... protocol evokes two TS-eEPSCs in NTS neurons and the first TS-eEPSC presents larger amplitude when compared with the second. NTS-VLM neurons with the first peak smaller than the second was not used in our analysis. The analysis of PPR value (P2/P1) in the presence of a certain drug reveals possible ...
... protocol evokes two TS-eEPSCs in NTS neurons and the first TS-eEPSC presents larger amplitude when compared with the second. NTS-VLM neurons with the first peak smaller than the second was not used in our analysis. The analysis of PPR value (P2/P1) in the presence of a certain drug reveals possible ...