Examination of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
... TH derivatives, contains a relatively large concentration of this enzyme, but D1 is also present in the anterior pituitary, intestine, placenta and thyroid gland [16, 20]. In rats, D1 is also present in the cerebral cortex with relatively low activity, but in humans, D1 is absent from the CNS [21, 2 ...
... TH derivatives, contains a relatively large concentration of this enzyme, but D1 is also present in the anterior pituitary, intestine, placenta and thyroid gland [16, 20]. In rats, D1 is also present in the cerebral cortex with relatively low activity, but in humans, D1 is absent from the CNS [21, 2 ...
Neurophysiological involvement in hypervolemic hyponatremia
... of 2% or 5% per hour over 2 h had a biphasic effect on AVP secretion: a short suppression (<60 min) followed by a rebound ...
... of 2% or 5% per hour over 2 h had a biphasic effect on AVP secretion: a short suppression (<60 min) followed by a rebound ...
Development of the brain stem in the rat. V. Thymidine‐radiographic
... the last authors, afferents also come from the ventral nucleus of the lateral geniculate body, the cuneiform nucleus, the periaqueductal gray, and a few other structures. The efferents of t h e parabigeminal nucleus were traced t o the superior colliculus (Kawamura et al., '77; Baleydier and Magnin, ...
... the last authors, afferents also come from the ventral nucleus of the lateral geniculate body, the cuneiform nucleus, the periaqueductal gray, and a few other structures. The efferents of t h e parabigeminal nucleus were traced t o the superior colliculus (Kawamura et al., '77; Baleydier and Magnin, ...
Neuromorphic computing
... Inside a single time step, each neuron is decoupled from the others, thus the simulation of a single time step is an embarrassingly parallel problem. In fact, NEST natively supports MPI and the parallelization of the loop. Moreover, MPI is supported on High Performance Computing platforms! ...
... Inside a single time step, each neuron is decoupled from the others, thus the simulation of a single time step is an embarrassingly parallel problem. In fact, NEST natively supports MPI and the parallelization of the loop. Moreover, MPI is supported on High Performance Computing platforms! ...
KCNQ/M Channels Control Spike Afterdepolarization and Burst
... Action potentials were evoked by injecting the neurons with threshold-straddling, brief (4 msec) and long (180 msec) depolarizing current pulses through the recording microelectrode. Linopirdine exerted several effects on active membrane properties (Table 1). The most conspicuous effect was facilita ...
... Action potentials were evoked by injecting the neurons with threshold-straddling, brief (4 msec) and long (180 msec) depolarizing current pulses through the recording microelectrode. Linopirdine exerted several effects on active membrane properties (Table 1). The most conspicuous effect was facilita ...
(15 pages pdf)
... both assays, cocaine influenced behavior in the opposite direction as the DopR mutation, and the effect of cocaine was abolished in DopR mutant flies, supporting the idea that DA inversely regulates these two forms of arousal. Genetic rescue experiments, using Gal4 drivers with restricted CNS expres ...
... both assays, cocaine influenced behavior in the opposite direction as the DopR mutation, and the effect of cocaine was abolished in DopR mutant flies, supporting the idea that DA inversely regulates these two forms of arousal. Genetic rescue experiments, using Gal4 drivers with restricted CNS expres ...
Axonal Localization of Integrins in the CNS Is Neuronal Type and
... blocks this growth through inactivation of integrins (Tan et al., 2011). Forced activation of integrins can allow axons to overcome this inhibition (Hu and Strittmatter, 2008; Tan et al. 2011). By increasing the pool of ␣9 integrin in DRG neurons using adeno-associated virus (AAV), a modest increase ...
... blocks this growth through inactivation of integrins (Tan et al., 2011). Forced activation of integrins can allow axons to overcome this inhibition (Hu and Strittmatter, 2008; Tan et al. 2011). By increasing the pool of ␣9 integrin in DRG neurons using adeno-associated virus (AAV), a modest increase ...
Kisspeptin Signaling Is Required for the Luteinizing Introduction of Males
... to be in close proximity to kisspeptin neurons [10,11] and pheromones have been shown to activate kisspeptin neurons in mice [12]. The product of the Kiss1 gene, kisspeptin, is one neuropeptide that may provide a link between the olfactory system and GnRH neurons. Kisspeptin signaling is essential f ...
... to be in close proximity to kisspeptin neurons [10,11] and pheromones have been shown to activate kisspeptin neurons in mice [12]. The product of the Kiss1 gene, kisspeptin, is one neuropeptide that may provide a link between the olfactory system and GnRH neurons. Kisspeptin signaling is essential f ...
PATHWAYS FOR EMOTION : INTERACTIONS OF PREFRONTAL AND THE RHESUS MONKEY
... Olmos, 1990). Disruption of these pathways seriously a¡ects emotional expression, as exempli¢ed by the inability of patients with orbitofrontal lesions to respond autonomically in emotional situations (Damasio et al., 1990; for review see Kling and Steklis, 1976). Even though such patients have inta ...
... Olmos, 1990). Disruption of these pathways seriously a¡ects emotional expression, as exempli¢ed by the inability of patients with orbitofrontal lesions to respond autonomically in emotional situations (Damasio et al., 1990; for review see Kling and Steklis, 1976). Even though such patients have inta ...
Outputs of Radula Mechanoafferent Neurons in Aplysia are
... generate behavior. A form of sensory modulation was investigated in the Aplysia feeding system at the level of a radula mechanoafferent neuron (B21) that provides chemical synaptic input to a group of motor neurons (B8a/b, B15) that control closure and retraction movements of the radula, a food gras ...
... generate behavior. A form of sensory modulation was investigated in the Aplysia feeding system at the level of a radula mechanoafferent neuron (B21) that provides chemical synaptic input to a group of motor neurons (B8a/b, B15) that control closure and retraction movements of the radula, a food gras ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... The relative numbers of neuronal cell types produced during pineal complex development are very consistent across embryos, suggesting the existence of a robust molecular mechanism that governs cell specification in the pineal complex. Indeed, within the pineal organ, BMP and Notch activities regulat ...
... The relative numbers of neuronal cell types produced during pineal complex development are very consistent across embryos, suggesting the existence of a robust molecular mechanism that governs cell specification in the pineal complex. Indeed, within the pineal organ, BMP and Notch activities regulat ...
Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental
... differentially modulate such circuits. Here we show that, because of differences in synaptic connectivity, activation of inputs to the VTA from the laterodorsal tegmentum and the lateral habenula elicit reward and aversion in mice, respectively. Laterodorsal tegmentum neurons preferentially synapse ...
... differentially modulate such circuits. Here we show that, because of differences in synaptic connectivity, activation of inputs to the VTA from the laterodorsal tegmentum and the lateral habenula elicit reward and aversion in mice, respectively. Laterodorsal tegmentum neurons preferentially synapse ...
The Orbitofrontal Cortex and Reward
... reinforcement contingencies change. The monkeys may respond when responses are inappropriate, e.g. no longer rewarded, or may respond to a non-rewarded stimulus. For example, monkeys with orbitofrontal damage are impaired on go/no-go task performance, in that they go on the no-go trials (Iversen and ...
... reinforcement contingencies change. The monkeys may respond when responses are inappropriate, e.g. no longer rewarded, or may respond to a non-rewarded stimulus. For example, monkeys with orbitofrontal damage are impaired on go/no-go task performance, in that they go on the no-go trials (Iversen and ...
Postnatal Development of the Corticospinal Tract in the Reeler Mouse
... Corticospinal tract (CST) neurons are located in layer V of the motor cortex, and send their axons to the spinal motoneurons, directly (5, 23) or indirectly (2, 35). The CST forms the longest axonal projection in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The development of CST axons is the latest ...
... Corticospinal tract (CST) neurons are located in layer V of the motor cortex, and send their axons to the spinal motoneurons, directly (5, 23) or indirectly (2, 35). The CST forms the longest axonal projection in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The development of CST axons is the latest ...
Coordinate Roles for LIM Homeobox Genes in Directing the
... neural tube that lie in register with the limb fields (Hamburger, 1977; Ensini et al., 1998). LMC neurons initially project their axons along a common path, but at the base of the limb, the motor nerve bifurcates to form distinct dorsal and ventral branches (Figure 1A). The decision of motor axons t ...
... neural tube that lie in register with the limb fields (Hamburger, 1977; Ensini et al., 1998). LMC neurons initially project their axons along a common path, but at the base of the limb, the motor nerve bifurcates to form distinct dorsal and ventral branches (Figure 1A). The decision of motor axons t ...
Temporal modulation of the dynamics of neuronal networks with
... ring rates were not robustly associated with dierent behavioral responses, while deviations from a neuron-speci c prototypical spike train predicted slower responses of the monkeys. These deviations could be due to increased or decreased spike count, as well as to jitters in spike times. Our resul ...
... ring rates were not robustly associated with dierent behavioral responses, while deviations from a neuron-speci c prototypical spike train predicted slower responses of the monkeys. These deviations could be due to increased or decreased spike count, as well as to jitters in spike times. Our resul ...
L8-Physiology of Sleep and EEG 2013
... Spindles are groups of waves that occur during many sleep stages but especially in stage 2. They have frequencies in the upper levels of alpha or lower levels of beta. Lasting for a second or less, they increase in amplitude initially and then decrease slowly. The waveform resembles a spindle. ...
... Spindles are groups of waves that occur during many sleep stages but especially in stage 2. They have frequencies in the upper levels of alpha or lower levels of beta. Lasting for a second or less, they increase in amplitude initially and then decrease slowly. The waveform resembles a spindle. ...