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... type of preparation simply consisted of the isolated buccal and cerebral ganglia. This type of preparation was used in experiments in which single cycles of ingestive motor programs were elicited by stimulation of the command-like neuron cerebral buccal interneuron 2 (CBI-2) (Rosen et al., 1991; Chu ...
... type of preparation simply consisted of the isolated buccal and cerebral ganglia. This type of preparation was used in experiments in which single cycles of ingestive motor programs were elicited by stimulation of the command-like neuron cerebral buccal interneuron 2 (CBI-2) (Rosen et al., 1991; Chu ...
Prelimbic to Accumbens Core Pathway Is Recruited in a Dopamine
... (McFarland et al., 2003; McLaughlin and See, 2003; Sun and Rebec, 2003; Stefanik and Kalivas, 2013; Stefanik et al., 2013); however, recent evidence indicates that only subpopulations of neurons within brain structures drive drug-seeking behaviors (Bossert et al., 2011; Cruz et al., 2013, 2014; Moor ...
... (McFarland et al., 2003; McLaughlin and See, 2003; Sun and Rebec, 2003; Stefanik and Kalivas, 2013; Stefanik et al., 2013); however, recent evidence indicates that only subpopulations of neurons within brain structures drive drug-seeking behaviors (Bossert et al., 2011; Cruz et al., 2013, 2014; Moor ...
A role for subplate neurons in the patterning of
... were added to the kainic acid solution (at a ratio of 1:9, microspheres: kainic acid) to mark the injection site. (The microspheres form a stable nontoxic and long-lasting deposit that can be viewed weeks to months later, and they are also transported retrogradely by the LGN neurons.) For animals at ...
... were added to the kainic acid solution (at a ratio of 1:9, microspheres: kainic acid) to mark the injection site. (The microspheres form a stable nontoxic and long-lasting deposit that can be viewed weeks to months later, and they are also transported retrogradely by the LGN neurons.) For animals at ...
Implication of novel neurotransmitter systems in the regulation of
... which release their neurohormone content into the portal circulation of the hypophysis in a pulsatile manner. The episodic hormone release from the GnRH axon terminals results in a rhythmic discharge of the two gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), by the go ...
... which release their neurohormone content into the portal circulation of the hypophysis in a pulsatile manner. The episodic hormone release from the GnRH axon terminals results in a rhythmic discharge of the two gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), by the go ...
Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... (Harris, 1999). Dendritic spines are highly dynamic structures that undergo changes in size, shape, and number during development, as well as in response to physiological stimuli such as learning (Holtmaat and Svoboda, 2009; Yoshihara et al., 2009). Alterations in spine shape and density are associa ...
... (Harris, 1999). Dendritic spines are highly dynamic structures that undergo changes in size, shape, and number during development, as well as in response to physiological stimuli such as learning (Holtmaat and Svoboda, 2009; Yoshihara et al., 2009). Alterations in spine shape and density are associa ...
Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... TDX (www.tdx.cat) service and by the UB Digital Repository (diposit.ub.edu) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized nor its spreading and availabil ...
... TDX (www.tdx.cat) service and by the UB Digital Repository (diposit.ub.edu) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized nor its spreading and availabil ...
Table of Contents
... 3. GABA neurons in nematodes To identify the GABA-containing cells in C. elegans, wild-type animals were stained with antibodies against the neurotransmitter. Antibody staining revealed that 26 of the 302 neurons present in C. elegans express the neurotransmitter GABA (Figure 2A). These 26 GABA neur ...
... 3. GABA neurons in nematodes To identify the GABA-containing cells in C. elegans, wild-type animals were stained with antibodies against the neurotransmitter. Antibody staining revealed that 26 of the 302 neurons present in C. elegans express the neurotransmitter GABA (Figure 2A). These 26 GABA neur ...
Motif distribution, dynamical properties, and computational
... the computational properties of microcircuit templates we carried out computer simulations of detailed cortical microcircuit models consisting of 560 Hodgkin–Huxley type point neurons and synaptic connections with stereotypical dynamic properties (such as paired pulse depression and paired pulse fac ...
... the computational properties of microcircuit templates we carried out computer simulations of detailed cortical microcircuit models consisting of 560 Hodgkin–Huxley type point neurons and synaptic connections with stereotypical dynamic properties (such as paired pulse depression and paired pulse fac ...
Essential Roles for GSK-3s and GSK-3
... GSK-3 activity led to a defect in axon development in hippocampal neurons. However, Wnts also reportedly stimulate the extension of postcrossing commissural axons (Lyuksyutova et al., 2003). Further, two recent studies showed that formation of multiple long axons was induced in hippocampal cultures ...
... GSK-3 activity led to a defect in axon development in hippocampal neurons. However, Wnts also reportedly stimulate the extension of postcrossing commissural axons (Lyuksyutova et al., 2003). Further, two recent studies showed that formation of multiple long axons was induced in hippocampal cultures ...
Functional Microarchitecture of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... more clustered than would be expected from a random distribution. However, preferred phase, direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to m ...
... more clustered than would be expected from a random distribution. However, preferred phase, direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to m ...
University of Groningen Gustatory neural processing in the
... range of taste sensation 106. Moreover, molecules that elicit similar verbal reports of taste from humans or neural activity in gustatory afferent nerves often bear little chemical relation to one another. For example, many mono- and disaccharides taste sweet to humans. Not all sugars however, taste ...
... range of taste sensation 106. Moreover, molecules that elicit similar verbal reports of taste from humans or neural activity in gustatory afferent nerves often bear little chemical relation to one another. For example, many mono- and disaccharides taste sweet to humans. Not all sugars however, taste ...
Spike-based Winner-Take-All Computation in a Multi
... its performance and describing its implementation in a large-scale multi-chip vision system. The winner-take-all is a neuronal network that amplifies the strongest set of inputs and suppresses output from the others. In various neuroscience models, this function is used to make a selection out of a ...
... its performance and describing its implementation in a large-scale multi-chip vision system. The winner-take-all is a neuronal network that amplifies the strongest set of inputs and suppresses output from the others. In various neuroscience models, this function is used to make a selection out of a ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... other tissues (Koenig, 1964; Haltia et al., 1973; Dyken, 1988; Goebel, 1995). Ultrastructurally, these electron-dense accumulations exhibit granular, curvilinear, or fingerprint-like appearances that are characteristic for each form of NCL (Santavuori, 1988; Goebel, 1995, 1997). Biochemical studies ...
... other tissues (Koenig, 1964; Haltia et al., 1973; Dyken, 1988; Goebel, 1995). Ultrastructurally, these electron-dense accumulations exhibit granular, curvilinear, or fingerprint-like appearances that are characteristic for each form of NCL (Santavuori, 1988; Goebel, 1995, 1997). Biochemical studies ...
the effects of microstimulation and microlesions in the ventral and
... response to stimulation was observed in a single trial in any of the recorded signals, the response was examined more closely by using a laboratory satellite computer to determine the latency and duration of the response to individual stimulus pulses. Analog signals were converted to 12-bit digital ...
... response to stimulation was observed in a single trial in any of the recorded signals, the response was examined more closely by using a laboratory satellite computer to determine the latency and duration of the response to individual stimulus pulses. Analog signals were converted to 12-bit digital ...
Neuropathological Characteristics of Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury
... N2O and 30% O2) via snout mask. Endotracheal intubation was performed using a 4.5-mm endotracheal tube and maintenance of anesthesia achieved via inhaled isofluorane (2%, 70% N2O and 30% O2). Intravenous access was obtained via cannulation of the ear vein, and normal saline (40 cc/hour) was administ ...
... N2O and 30% O2) via snout mask. Endotracheal intubation was performed using a 4.5-mm endotracheal tube and maintenance of anesthesia achieved via inhaled isofluorane (2%, 70% N2O and 30% O2). Intravenous access was obtained via cannulation of the ear vein, and normal saline (40 cc/hour) was administ ...
melanogaster
... the ight-induced visual boost. This work provides the rst evidence that endogenous release of octopamine is involved in state-dependent modulation of visual interneurons in ies. Further, I investigated the role of a single pair of octopamine neurons that project to the optic lobes, and found no e ...
... the ight-induced visual boost. This work provides the rst evidence that endogenous release of octopamine is involved in state-dependent modulation of visual interneurons in ies. Further, I investigated the role of a single pair of octopamine neurons that project to the optic lobes, and found no e ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... software (MicroBright-Field, Colchester, VT) using an Olympus Optical (Hamburg, Germany) BX50 microscope at a final magnification of 10003 (using a 1003, 1.25 NA objective). The reconstructions provided the basis for the quantitative morphological analysis (see below). The soma was reconstructed by dr ...
... software (MicroBright-Field, Colchester, VT) using an Olympus Optical (Hamburg, Germany) BX50 microscope at a final magnification of 10003 (using a 1003, 1.25 NA objective). The reconstructions provided the basis for the quantitative morphological analysis (see below). The soma was reconstructed by dr ...
Background - Harvard University
... of all the studies done. We focus on the activity of single neurons studied by neurophysiological techniques in behaving animals, in particular monkeys, and emphasize the formative role of behavioral theories, such as animal learning theory and microeconomic utility theory, on the understanding of t ...
... of all the studies done. We focus on the activity of single neurons studied by neurophysiological techniques in behaving animals, in particular monkeys, and emphasize the formative role of behavioral theories, such as animal learning theory and microeconomic utility theory, on the understanding of t ...
Neural correlates of stimulus–response and response–outcome
... and movements should be represented in dorsomedial but not dorsolateral striatum, whereas associations between cues and responses, independent of reward value, should be represented in neural activity in dorsolateral but not dorsomedial striatum. Additionally, neural activity in dorsomedial striatum ...
... and movements should be represented in dorsomedial but not dorsolateral striatum, whereas associations between cues and responses, independent of reward value, should be represented in neural activity in dorsolateral but not dorsomedial striatum. Additionally, neural activity in dorsomedial striatum ...
Response Properties of Neighboring Neurons in the
... auditory system to characterize single-unit responses. In particular, we looked at the frequency selectivity as defined by best frequency and the width of the frequency tuning; we looked at both the pure tone threshold and level-dependency; we characterized the temporal discharge patterns elicited b ...
... auditory system to characterize single-unit responses. In particular, we looked at the frequency selectivity as defined by best frequency and the width of the frequency tuning; we looked at both the pure tone threshold and level-dependency; we characterized the temporal discharge patterns elicited b ...