Serotonin in Affective Control
... can also be very prolonged, particularly through influences over long-term synaptic plasticity. This diversity of actions complicates the representational issues for neuromodulators in terms of the semantics of the internal and external states and state changes that they report. A single implementat ...
... can also be very prolonged, particularly through influences over long-term synaptic plasticity. This diversity of actions complicates the representational issues for neuromodulators in terms of the semantics of the internal and external states and state changes that they report. A single implementat ...
Activity dynamics and behavioral correlates of CA3 and CA1
... 2007). In both regions, the majority of pyramidal cells give rise to similar firing fields controlled by distant and local cues. The firing pattern similarity can be explained by treating the CA3-CA1 system as a single computational unit, with one subset (CA1) embedded in the interconnected subset (CA3 ...
... 2007). In both regions, the majority of pyramidal cells give rise to similar firing fields controlled by distant and local cues. The firing pattern similarity can be explained by treating the CA3-CA1 system as a single computational unit, with one subset (CA1) embedded in the interconnected subset (CA3 ...
Are there differences between the secretion characteristics of NGF
... discordant results have been reported for high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF from virus-transduced primary cultures of hippocampal neurons and AtT-20 and PC12 cells (Goodman et al., 1996). These authors observed that the high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF was dependent on extracellular ...
... discordant results have been reported for high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF from virus-transduced primary cultures of hippocampal neurons and AtT-20 and PC12 cells (Goodman et al., 1996). These authors observed that the high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF was dependent on extracellular ...
Relating normalization to neuronal populations across cortical areas
... the same brain area under identical conditions exhibit a range of normalization, ranging from suppression by nonpreferred stimuli (strong normalization) to additive responses to combinations of stimuli (no normalization; for examples, see Lee and Maunsell, 2009; Busse et al., 2009). Normalization ha ...
... the same brain area under identical conditions exhibit a range of normalization, ranging from suppression by nonpreferred stimuli (strong normalization) to additive responses to combinations of stimuli (no normalization; for examples, see Lee and Maunsell, 2009; Busse et al., 2009). Normalization ha ...
Pallidal Discharge Related to the Kinematics of Reaching
... discharge in facilitating saccadic eye movements (Hikosaka and Wurtz 1983c). In contrast, pauses in GPe discharge would suppress movements by increasing inhibition of the same targets via indirect pathways. Thus possible differences in the movement-related discharge of GPe and GPi neurons are of int ...
... discharge in facilitating saccadic eye movements (Hikosaka and Wurtz 1983c). In contrast, pauses in GPe discharge would suppress movements by increasing inhibition of the same targets via indirect pathways. Thus possible differences in the movement-related discharge of GPe and GPi neurons are of int ...
The Reorganization of Primary Auditory Cortex by Invasion of
... volume of LGN and the lateral posterior nuclei of the thalamus (Restrepo et al. 2002). In contrast to the effects of loss of sensory input, sensory experience can increase the volume of related brain regions. Hippocampus is associated with spatial navigation. A study using Magnetic Resonance Imagin ...
... volume of LGN and the lateral posterior nuclei of the thalamus (Restrepo et al. 2002). In contrast to the effects of loss of sensory input, sensory experience can increase the volume of related brain regions. Hippocampus is associated with spatial navigation. A study using Magnetic Resonance Imagin ...
Regulation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by
... Neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) play a critical role in the regulation of autonomic functions. Previous studies indicated that central activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has beneficial effects on homeostasis, most likely via modulation of the autonomic output. Sirtuins are NAD+ - ...
... Neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) play a critical role in the regulation of autonomic functions. Previous studies indicated that central activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has beneficial effects on homeostasis, most likely via modulation of the autonomic output. Sirtuins are NAD+ - ...
Muscle tone regulation during REM sleep
... cycles eventually return in these animals (Bremer, 1935; Villablanca et al., 2001). This suggests that the forebrain is independently capable of regulating sleep-wake behavior. On the other hand, cats (and rats) with midbrain transections do not display signs of REM sleep in the forebrain (cortical ...
... cycles eventually return in these animals (Bremer, 1935; Villablanca et al., 2001). This suggests that the forebrain is independently capable of regulating sleep-wake behavior. On the other hand, cats (and rats) with midbrain transections do not display signs of REM sleep in the forebrain (cortical ...
The Dialectics of Hebb and Homeostasis within
... evidence suggests that these global and local phenomena are induced through distinct mechanisms that allow different aspects of activity to be sensed and translated into synaptic modifications, and are likely to subserve distinct functions within neural circuits. Put another way, one could argue tha ...
... evidence suggests that these global and local phenomena are induced through distinct mechanisms that allow different aspects of activity to be sensed and translated into synaptic modifications, and are likely to subserve distinct functions within neural circuits. Put another way, one could argue tha ...
Chemical Transmitters and Modulation of Sleep
... and sleep generation, the neurotransmitter identity and activity ofBF neurons serving these different functions have remained uncertain. Furthermore, few studies have been done to clarify how the wake vs. sleep promoting neurons may be modulated to generate their differential activity and sleep-wake ...
... and sleep generation, the neurotransmitter identity and activity ofBF neurons serving these different functions have remained uncertain. Furthermore, few studies have been done to clarify how the wake vs. sleep promoting neurons may be modulated to generate their differential activity and sleep-wake ...
Orexin/Hypocretin: A Neuropeptide at the Interface of Sleep, Energy
... II. Orexin and orexin receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Identification of orexin (Hypocretin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Orex ...
... II. Orexin and orexin receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Identification of orexin (Hypocretin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Orex ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... created a transgenic mouse line (GAD67-GFP knockin) that expresses GFP specifically in GABAergic neurons by using gene-targeting methods that have proven to be an important tool for both developmental as well as for electrophysiological and anatomical studies (Tamamaki et al., 2003). GABAergic cells ...
... created a transgenic mouse line (GAD67-GFP knockin) that expresses GFP specifically in GABAergic neurons by using gene-targeting methods that have proven to be an important tool for both developmental as well as for electrophysiological and anatomical studies (Tamamaki et al., 2003). GABAergic cells ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
... created a transgenic mouse line (GAD67-GFP knockin) that expresses GFP specifically in GABAergic neurons by using gene-targeting methods that have proven to be an important tool for both developmental as well as for electrophysiological and anatomical studies (Tamamaki et al., 2003). GABAergic cells ...
... created a transgenic mouse line (GAD67-GFP knockin) that expresses GFP specifically in GABAergic neurons by using gene-targeting methods that have proven to be an important tool for both developmental as well as for electrophysiological and anatomical studies (Tamamaki et al., 2003). GABAergic cells ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... D Abstract- This theoretical paper describes the "intrinsic mechanism hypothesis," a new hypothesis of vestibular compensation, the behavioral recovery that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decreas ...
... D Abstract- This theoretical paper describes the "intrinsic mechanism hypothesis," a new hypothesis of vestibular compensation, the behavioral recovery that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decreas ...
The role of the basal ganglia in reinforcement learning
... demonstrate the additional complexity of the network compared to the classical view. The basal ganglia neuro-modulators adjust activity along the main axis by regulation of plasticity at the corticostriatal synapses (21, 22). The primary basal ganglia neuromodulators are dopamine (from midbrain dopa ...
... demonstrate the additional complexity of the network compared to the classical view. The basal ganglia neuro-modulators adjust activity along the main axis by regulation of plasticity at the corticostriatal synapses (21, 22). The primary basal ganglia neuromodulators are dopamine (from midbrain dopa ...
Mechanisms of gustatory coding in Spodoptera littoralis
... antennal gustatory sensilla. Two areas are within the deutocerebrum: the antennal motor and mechanosensory centre (AMMC) and a region situated posteriorly to the antennal lobes. The two other areas are in the tritocerebrum/suboesophageal ganglion complex. As our electrophysiological investigations s ...
... antennal gustatory sensilla. Two areas are within the deutocerebrum: the antennal motor and mechanosensory centre (AMMC) and a region situated posteriorly to the antennal lobes. The two other areas are in the tritocerebrum/suboesophageal ganglion complex. As our electrophysiological investigations s ...
Galanin-like peptide: a key player in the homeostatic regulation of
... plasma GALP levels and GALP influx into the brain.12 To date, GALP has been shown to act as an agonist at all three galanin receptor subtypes in vitro, although it shows preference for GALR2 and GALR3, as compared with GALR1.7,13 There is a considerable body of evidence linking GALP to the regulatio ...
... plasma GALP levels and GALP influx into the brain.12 To date, GALP has been shown to act as an agonist at all three galanin receptor subtypes in vitro, although it shows preference for GALR2 and GALR3, as compared with GALR1.7,13 There is a considerable body of evidence linking GALP to the regulatio ...
The subfornical organ: A central nervous system site for actions of
... energy stores and acute energy balance. Circulating leptin decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure through activation of receptors in hypothalamic and brain stem neurons (16) . The leptin receptor, encoded by the Ob-R gene, was isolated from choroid plexus by expression cloning and is ...
... energy stores and acute energy balance. Circulating leptin decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure through activation of receptors in hypothalamic and brain stem neurons (16) . The leptin receptor, encoded by the Ob-R gene, was isolated from choroid plexus by expression cloning and is ...
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... Although primary neuronal cultures have been the most widely used system to study neuronal polarity, in vivo systems are essential for the elucidation and functional validation of neuronal-polarity regulators (Rolls and Doe, 2004). The fully elucidated neural-circuit diagrams (White et al., 1986) an ...
... Although primary neuronal cultures have been the most widely used system to study neuronal polarity, in vivo systems are essential for the elucidation and functional validation of neuronal-polarity regulators (Rolls and Doe, 2004). The fully elucidated neural-circuit diagrams (White et al., 1986) an ...
Vol 431 No 7010 pp723-882
... disorders. In the past decade, biological findings on dopamine function have been infused with concepts taken from computational theories of reinforcement learning. These more abstract approaches have now been applied to describe the biological algorithms at play in our brains when we form value jud ...
... disorders. In the past decade, biological findings on dopamine function have been infused with concepts taken from computational theories of reinforcement learning. These more abstract approaches have now been applied to describe the biological algorithms at play in our brains when we form value jud ...
Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Flexible Categorization
... lower the electrodes, with each drive control- Monkeys were taught to group the same images under two different category schemes. B, Schematic diagram of the delayed ling two electrodes, through a plastic grid with match-to-category task. Each trial began with the monkeys fixating on a dot and holdi ...
... lower the electrodes, with each drive control- Monkeys were taught to group the same images under two different category schemes. B, Schematic diagram of the delayed ling two electrodes, through a plastic grid with match-to-category task. Each trial began with the monkeys fixating on a dot and holdi ...