Contact guidance of CNS neurites on grooved quartz: influence of
... Fig. 1. (A) Scanning electron micrograph of a quartz microscope slide with grooves 520 nm deep and 2 µm wide. Note that the grooves have approximately right angled sides, sharp corners and are evenly spaced. The lower photo is a magnified view of the boxed region. (B) Angle measurement protocol for ...
... Fig. 1. (A) Scanning electron micrograph of a quartz microscope slide with grooves 520 nm deep and 2 µm wide. Note that the grooves have approximately right angled sides, sharp corners and are evenly spaced. The lower photo is a magnified view of the boxed region. (B) Angle measurement protocol for ...
the human entorhinal cortex
... The human entorhinal cortex is located in the ventromedial portion of the temporal lobe and consists of eight subfields. It has reciprocal connections with the hippocampus and various other cortical and subcortical structures, and thus forms an integral component of the medial temporal lobe memory s ...
... The human entorhinal cortex is located in the ventromedial portion of the temporal lobe and consists of eight subfields. It has reciprocal connections with the hippocampus and various other cortical and subcortical structures, and thus forms an integral component of the medial temporal lobe memory s ...
Propofol Inhibits Neuronal Firing Activities in the Caudal
... Ching-Yue Yang, MD; Wun-Chin Wu1, PhD; Chok-Yung Chai1, MD, PhD; Jee-Ching Hsu, MD; Lai-Chu See2, PhD; Ping-Wing Lui, MD, PhD; Peter PC Tan, MD Background: Propofol is a potent intravenous anesthetic. The action of propofol on the medullary depressor area, the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM), ha ...
... Ching-Yue Yang, MD; Wun-Chin Wu1, PhD; Chok-Yung Chai1, MD, PhD; Jee-Ching Hsu, MD; Lai-Chu See2, PhD; Ping-Wing Lui, MD, PhD; Peter PC Tan, MD Background: Propofol is a potent intravenous anesthetic. The action of propofol on the medullary depressor area, the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM), ha ...
PDF - Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
... matter, given timely handling or not，the outcome of SCI is not satisfactory. Thus, it’s urgent to find effective treatment methods for SCI, and many experiments have been done covering many aspects, such as molecule, cell, gene, drug treatment, and so on. In this study, we have discovered that GDNF ...
... matter, given timely handling or not，the outcome of SCI is not satisfactory. Thus, it’s urgent to find effective treatment methods for SCI, and many experiments have been done covering many aspects, such as molecule, cell, gene, drug treatment, and so on. In this study, we have discovered that GDNF ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Neurons that are relatively inactive emit spikes with low frequencies that are very irregular. High-frequency responses to relevant stimuli are often not very regular. The coefficient of variation, Cv=σ/μ (3.18) Cv≈0.5-1 for regularly spiking neurons in V1 and MT Spike trains are often well appr ...
... Neurons that are relatively inactive emit spikes with low frequencies that are very irregular. High-frequency responses to relevant stimuli are often not very regular. The coefficient of variation, Cv=σ/μ (3.18) Cv≈0.5-1 for regularly spiking neurons in V1 and MT Spike trains are often well appr ...
PDF
... sustained independently of neurotrophins and is downregulated by BDNF. With the acquisition of NGF dependence, p75 and trkA mRNA levels increase markedly in vivo. At this stage in vitro, the level of p75 mRNA is upregulated by NGF, but this response is lost at later stages. ...
... sustained independently of neurotrophins and is downregulated by BDNF. With the acquisition of NGF dependence, p75 and trkA mRNA levels increase markedly in vivo. At this stage in vitro, the level of p75 mRNA is upregulated by NGF, but this response is lost at later stages. ...
Modulation of premotor circuits controlling locomotor activity by
... Locomotion is one of the most vivid expressions of the central nervous system in action. Looking at people walking in the street or the ballet dancer on the stage, motion seems effortless to the point that many movements are almost executed unconsciously. Indeed, the generation of sophisticated moto ...
... Locomotion is one of the most vivid expressions of the central nervous system in action. Looking at people walking in the street or the ballet dancer on the stage, motion seems effortless to the point that many movements are almost executed unconsciously. Indeed, the generation of sophisticated moto ...
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... and synchronization is subtle and typically confined to restricted neural populations (238, 630). As a matter of fact, awake behaving states were traditionally characterized by “desynchronized EEG” in contrast to large-amplitude slow oscillations observed in quiet (non-rapid eye movement, non-REM) s ...
... and synchronization is subtle and typically confined to restricted neural populations (238, 630). As a matter of fact, awake behaving states were traditionally characterized by “desynchronized EEG” in contrast to large-amplitude slow oscillations observed in quiet (non-rapid eye movement, non-REM) s ...
Experience-Dependent Sharpening of Visual Shape Selectivity in
... and Rolls 1998; Vogels 1999; Sheinberg and Logothetis 2001; Freedman and others 2003) and familiar geometric shapes (Miyashita 1993; Logothetis and others 1995; Tanaka 1996; Kobatake and others 1998; Baker and others 2002), that stimulus repetition, familiarity, and salience can modulate ITC activit ...
... and Rolls 1998; Vogels 1999; Sheinberg and Logothetis 2001; Freedman and others 2003) and familiar geometric shapes (Miyashita 1993; Logothetis and others 1995; Tanaka 1996; Kobatake and others 1998; Baker and others 2002), that stimulus repetition, familiarity, and salience can modulate ITC activit ...
Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical
... and synchronization is subtle and typically confined to restricted neural populations (238, 630). As a matter of fact, awake behaving states were traditionally characterized by “desynchronized EEG” in contrast to large-amplitude slow oscillations observed in quiet (non-rapid eye movement, non-REM) s ...
... and synchronization is subtle and typically confined to restricted neural populations (238, 630). As a matter of fact, awake behaving states were traditionally characterized by “desynchronized EEG” in contrast to large-amplitude slow oscillations observed in quiet (non-rapid eye movement, non-REM) s ...
Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D
... necklace area, which demarcates the main from the accessory olfactory bulb. Several markers distinguishes these neurons from OR-expressing OSNs or VR-expressing VSNs: placental antigen X-P2 (Shinoda et al., 1989; Shinoda et al., 1993), antigens to antibodies 2C6 and mAb213 (Ring et al., 1997), and g ...
... necklace area, which demarcates the main from the accessory olfactory bulb. Several markers distinguishes these neurons from OR-expressing OSNs or VR-expressing VSNs: placental antigen X-P2 (Shinoda et al., 1989; Shinoda et al., 1993), antigens to antibodies 2C6 and mAb213 (Ring et al., 1997), and g ...
Divergent Projections from the Anterior Inferotemporal Area TE to
... and entorhinal cortices were plotted first onto enlarged camera lucida drawings of sections, which were transformed into two-dimensional unfolded maps of the cortical regions. Sections were sampled for this purpose at 0.5 mm intervals. If the labeling was very sparse, the sampling interval was decre ...
... and entorhinal cortices were plotted first onto enlarged camera lucida drawings of sections, which were transformed into two-dimensional unfolded maps of the cortical regions. Sections were sampled for this purpose at 0.5 mm intervals. If the labeling was very sparse, the sampling interval was decre ...
Neurally Plausible Model of Robot Reaching Inspired by Infant
... inputs during our weekly meetings. I appreciate that he would always answer my questions and correct my mistakes without judgment. Also, I would like to thank the members of my Ph.D. committee, Dr. Daniela Corbetta, Dr. James Plank and Dr. Lynne Parker, for their valuable and constructive feedback o ...
... inputs during our weekly meetings. I appreciate that he would always answer my questions and correct my mistakes without judgment. Also, I would like to thank the members of my Ph.D. committee, Dr. Daniela Corbetta, Dr. James Plank and Dr. Lynne Parker, for their valuable and constructive feedback o ...
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science
... dendrites might be beneficial because they enable the spatial separation of inputs to minimize their interaction. In some cases, however, this possible sublinear summation may actually be advantageous (Agmon-Snir et al. 1998, section on coincidence detection in auditory neurons, p. 519) (see Figure ...
... dendrites might be beneficial because they enable the spatial separation of inputs to minimize their interaction. In some cases, however, this possible sublinear summation may actually be advantageous (Agmon-Snir et al. 1998, section on coincidence detection in auditory neurons, p. 519) (see Figure ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
... channels. This was mediated by activation of both ␣7 and ␣42 nicotinic receptors; by itself, this nicotine-mediated excitation could explain weight loss caused by nicotine. However, in control experiments nicotine also excited the orexigenic arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y (NPY) cells. Nicotine exer ...
... channels. This was mediated by activation of both ␣7 and ␣42 nicotinic receptors; by itself, this nicotine-mediated excitation could explain weight loss caused by nicotine. However, in control experiments nicotine also excited the orexigenic arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y (NPY) cells. Nicotine exer ...
Review Getting Formal with Dopamine and Reward
... amphetamine, and nicotine lead to increases in dopamine concentration in the ventral striatum and frontal cortex, which appears to be a crucial mechanism of drug addiction. In view of these well-established results, several studies investigated neuronal mechanisms of reward by studying the impulse a ...
... amphetamine, and nicotine lead to increases in dopamine concentration in the ventral striatum and frontal cortex, which appears to be a crucial mechanism of drug addiction. In view of these well-established results, several studies investigated neuronal mechanisms of reward by studying the impulse a ...
Effect of Lesions of the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus on NREM and
... wakefulness, are particularly numerous in the VLPO (Alam et al., 1995; Szymusiak et al., 1998). The sleep-positive neurons in the VLPO innervate the histaminergic neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) (Sherin et al., 1996). These projections originate from a dense cluster of VLPO neurons jus ...
... wakefulness, are particularly numerous in the VLPO (Alam et al., 1995; Szymusiak et al., 1998). The sleep-positive neurons in the VLPO innervate the histaminergic neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) (Sherin et al., 1996). These projections originate from a dense cluster of VLPO neurons jus ...
HCN channels are a novel therapeutic target for cognitive
... phenotype is further surprising, given that it is not recapitulated in other mouse models in which Ras-ERK signaling is upregulated, such as mouse models for Noonan syndrome and Costello syndrome.7 This suggests that NF1 might also have a Rasindependent function in neurons. Ras-independent targets h ...
... phenotype is further surprising, given that it is not recapitulated in other mouse models in which Ras-ERK signaling is upregulated, such as mouse models for Noonan syndrome and Costello syndrome.7 This suggests that NF1 might also have a Rasindependent function in neurons. Ras-independent targets h ...
Genetically identified spinal interneurons integrating tactile afferents
... 1988). This may be a result of suppressed sensory transmission at the level of the spinal cord, as suggested by experiments in monkeys where cutaneous sensory-evoked potentials recorded in the spinal cord were reduced during active hand movement (Seki and Fetz 2012). Hence, spinal networks likely co ...
... 1988). This may be a result of suppressed sensory transmission at the level of the spinal cord, as suggested by experiments in monkeys where cutaneous sensory-evoked potentials recorded in the spinal cord were reduced during active hand movement (Seki and Fetz 2012). Hence, spinal networks likely co ...
Neural Networks
... Furthermore I would like to thank the which made me think of changing the whole team at the notary’s office of Dr. phrasing of some paragraphs. Kemp and Dr. Kolb in Bonn, where I have I would particularly like to thank Prof. always felt to be in good hands and who Rolf Eckmiller and Dr. Nils Goerke ...
... Furthermore I would like to thank the which made me think of changing the whole team at the notary’s office of Dr. phrasing of some paragraphs. Kemp and Dr. Kolb in Bonn, where I have I would particularly like to thank Prof. always felt to be in good hands and who Rolf Eckmiller and Dr. Nils Goerke ...
Neural Networks
... Furthermore I would like to thank the which made me think of changing the whole team at the notary’s office of Dr. phrasing of some paragraphs. Kemp and Dr. Kolb in Bonn, where I have I would particularly like to thank Prof. always felt to be in good hands and who Rolf Eckmiller and Dr. Nils Goerke ...
... Furthermore I would like to thank the which made me think of changing the whole team at the notary’s office of Dr. phrasing of some paragraphs. Kemp and Dr. Kolb in Bonn, where I have I would particularly like to thank Prof. always felt to be in good hands and who Rolf Eckmiller and Dr. Nils Goerke ...
What is the function of the claustrum? - Christof Koch
... nuclei. Many of the neurons in these areas code for local aspects of any one scene, such as the orientation of an edge, or the colour and depth of a surface patch. Much of this information is ambiguous and is compatible with many different interpretations of the overall scene. In mathematical terms, ...
... nuclei. Many of the neurons in these areas code for local aspects of any one scene, such as the orientation of an edge, or the colour and depth of a surface patch. Much of this information is ambiguous and is compatible with many different interpretations of the overall scene. In mathematical terms, ...
NEURAL ACTIVITY RELATED TO ANTICIPATED REWARD:
... species, extending from pigeons to humans, value judgments are subject to time-discounting. A reward of a given size is perceived as having greater or lesser value according to whether delivery is anticipated after a shorter or longer delay (Cardinal et al. 2001; Evenden and Ryan 1996; Herrnstein 1 ...
... species, extending from pigeons to humans, value judgments are subject to time-discounting. A reward of a given size is perceived as having greater or lesser value according to whether delivery is anticipated after a shorter or longer delay (Cardinal et al. 2001; Evenden and Ryan 1996; Herrnstein 1 ...
The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... postsynaptic changes during alterations in synaptic strength. These types of analyses have been pursued at the monosynaptic connection formed between a single group Ia axon and lumbar motoneurons and they have been very useful in determining the integrative response of motoneurons to peripheral inpu ...
... postsynaptic changes during alterations in synaptic strength. These types of analyses have been pursued at the monosynaptic connection formed between a single group Ia axon and lumbar motoneurons and they have been very useful in determining the integrative response of motoneurons to peripheral inpu ...
