Vagal Ischemia Induced Lung Immune Component Infarct Following
... irreversible axonal injury of the vagal nerve in late stage SAH (4,5). The Hering-Breuer reflex may also be abolished during acutely developed cerebral ischemia that could be restored by recovery of ischemic cerebral processes (7). Bilateral vagal nerve stimulation causes bronchoconstriction (24) th ...
... irreversible axonal injury of the vagal nerve in late stage SAH (4,5). The Hering-Breuer reflex may also be abolished during acutely developed cerebral ischemia that could be restored by recovery of ischemic cerebral processes (7). Bilateral vagal nerve stimulation causes bronchoconstriction (24) th ...
Distribution of GABAergic neurons and axon terminals in the
... et al., '83b); (3) are immunoreactive for GABA itself (Ottersen and Storm-Mathisen, '84; Somogyi and Hodgson, '85); and (4)have terminals that contain flat vesicles and make symmetric synaptic contacts, characteristics thought to be indicative of inhibitory transmission (Uchizono, '65; Peters and Fa ...
... et al., '83b); (3) are immunoreactive for GABA itself (Ottersen and Storm-Mathisen, '84; Somogyi and Hodgson, '85); and (4)have terminals that contain flat vesicles and make symmetric synaptic contacts, characteristics thought to be indicative of inhibitory transmission (Uchizono, '65; Peters and Fa ...
Retrograde Signaling in the Development and Modification of
... NGF-like molecules, each specific for different but overlapping populations of neurons. Other members of this NGF family of factors, or neurotrophins, now include brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin (NT)-3, NT-4/5, and NT-6 (213, 215). In addition to their traditional role as surv ...
... NGF-like molecules, each specific for different but overlapping populations of neurons. Other members of this NGF family of factors, or neurotrophins, now include brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin (NT)-3, NT-4/5, and NT-6 (213, 215). In addition to their traditional role as surv ...
Large-scale spatiotemporal spike patterning consistent with
... cortex of mammals including monkeys15–18 and humans19,20. In particular, we have previously demonstrated that across the precentral gyrus of the upper-limb area of primary motor cortex (MI), these oscillations are not perfectly synchronized but rather exhibit phase gradients that indicate planar pro ...
... cortex of mammals including monkeys15–18 and humans19,20. In particular, we have previously demonstrated that across the precentral gyrus of the upper-limb area of primary motor cortex (MI), these oscillations are not perfectly synchronized but rather exhibit phase gradients that indicate planar pro ...
![[PDF]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008803384_1-36fd0609f80954d0c3765babde2de933-300x300.png)
Membrane-shaping disorders: a common pathway in axon
... human disorders are indicated in brackets. A prototype reticulon domain is a common feature of reticulon 2 (RTN2), FAM134B, and ARL6IP1 (light pink). Membrane-shaping properties by hairpin loop insertion were also proposed for REEP1, REEP2, spastin, and proteins of the atlastin family, ATL1 and ATL3 ...
... human disorders are indicated in brackets. A prototype reticulon domain is a common feature of reticulon 2 (RTN2), FAM134B, and ARL6IP1 (light pink). Membrane-shaping properties by hairpin loop insertion were also proposed for REEP1, REEP2, spastin, and proteins of the atlastin family, ATL1 and ATL3 ...
full text pdf
... nerve fibres were very abundant in the SO ganglionated plexus. Some of them expressed simultaneously immunoreactivity for SP, and many SP-positive only nerve terminals were also found within the ganglia and in nerve bundles closely associated with the SO muscle. These CGRP and/or SP-positive fibres ...
... nerve fibres were very abundant in the SO ganglionated plexus. Some of them expressed simultaneously immunoreactivity for SP, and many SP-positive only nerve terminals were also found within the ganglia and in nerve bundles closely associated with the SO muscle. These CGRP and/or SP-positive fibres ...
Subthalamic Stimulation-Induced Synaptic Responses in Substantia
... Iribe, Yuri, Kevin Moore, Kevin C. H. Pang, and James M. Tepper. Subthalamic stimulation-induced synaptic responses in substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 925–933, 1999. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is one of the principal sources of excitatory glutama ...
... Iribe, Yuri, Kevin Moore, Kevin C. H. Pang, and James M. Tepper. Subthalamic stimulation-induced synaptic responses in substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 925–933, 1999. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is one of the principal sources of excitatory glutama ...
The habenular nuclei - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... The LHb is a point of convergence for neural information from the basal ganglia and limbic forebrain. A major source of innervation of the LHb in the rat derives from the entopeduncular nucleus (EP, which is the non-primate equivalent of the internal segment of the globus pallidus). In the rat, virt ...
... The LHb is a point of convergence for neural information from the basal ganglia and limbic forebrain. A major source of innervation of the LHb in the rat derives from the entopeduncular nucleus (EP, which is the non-primate equivalent of the internal segment of the globus pallidus). In the rat, virt ...
Sparse Coding in the Neocortex
... that the ultimate goal is to have one neuron for every object—and certainly not for a particular view of every object. We believe that sparseness helps learning and prediction even at early stages of sensory processing, like those found in V1. But too much specificity or sparseness can actually make ...
... that the ultimate goal is to have one neuron for every object—and certainly not for a particular view of every object. We believe that sparseness helps learning and prediction even at early stages of sensory processing, like those found in V1. But too much specificity or sparseness can actually make ...
The neural basis for combinatorial coding in a cortical population response
... We have used a combination of theory and experiment to assess how information is represented in a realistic cortical population response, examining how motion direction and timing is encoded in groups of neurons in cortical area MT. Combining data from several single-unit experiments, we constructed ...
... We have used a combination of theory and experiment to assess how information is represented in a realistic cortical population response, examining how motion direction and timing is encoded in groups of neurons in cortical area MT. Combining data from several single-unit experiments, we constructed ...
Definition of Neuronal Circuitry Controlling the Activity of Phrenic
... The distribution of the reporters within two infected neurons that were both double-labeled. -galactosidase expression in neurons infected with PRV-Bablu provided staining of neuronal perikarya and dendrites (red fluorescence, panels B and E). Two EGFP-expressing viruses (PRV-152 and PRV-154) label ...
... The distribution of the reporters within two infected neurons that were both double-labeled. -galactosidase expression in neurons infected with PRV-Bablu provided staining of neuronal perikarya and dendrites (red fluorescence, panels B and E). Two EGFP-expressing viruses (PRV-152 and PRV-154) label ...
Structure and Function in the Inferior Olivary Nucleus
... thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. ...
... thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. ...
Optophysiological analysis of associational circuits in the olfactory
... direct input from the olfactory bulb (OB), and includes the anterior and posterior piriform cortices (aPC and pPC), anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), olfactory tubercle, entorhinal cortex, dorsal peduncular cortex, ventral tenia tecta, and cortical areas associated with the amygdala (Luskin and Pric ...
... direct input from the olfactory bulb (OB), and includes the anterior and posterior piriform cortices (aPC and pPC), anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), olfactory tubercle, entorhinal cortex, dorsal peduncular cortex, ventral tenia tecta, and cortical areas associated with the amygdala (Luskin and Pric ...
Cooperation and biased competition model can explain attentional
... is not explicitly modelled, but it might originate from a workingmemory module that encodes and memorizes context in terms of rules. The second top±down signal, the attention bias, facilitates neurons that have the cued location as preferred location. Also the origin of this bias, which might be sen ...
... is not explicitly modelled, but it might originate from a workingmemory module that encodes and memorizes context in terms of rules. The second top±down signal, the attention bias, facilitates neurons that have the cued location as preferred location. Also the origin of this bias, which might be sen ...
Nervous System - Warren County Schools
... Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve (electrochemical event) Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter An action potential is started in the dendrite Copyright © 2003 ...
... Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve (electrochemical event) Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter An action potential is started in the dendrite Copyright © 2003 ...
Nerve cells in the human ciliary muscle: ultrastructural and
... and circular portions. No nerve cells were observed in the anterior longitudinal portion. The cells were in contact with unmyelinated axons and synaptic boutons containing small agranular and large granular vesicles. Axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses were observed. Histochemically and ultrahist ...
... and circular portions. No nerve cells were observed in the anterior longitudinal portion. The cells were in contact with unmyelinated axons and synaptic boutons containing small agranular and large granular vesicles. Axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses were observed. Histochemically and ultrahist ...
Eye-specific Segregation Requires Neural Activity in Three
... throughout the entire postsynaptic structure, while a second mechanism tends to group together those fibers from the same source. The division of the neuropil into interdigitating zones of sourcespecific termination optimizes both of these processes. This hypothesis has received some experimental su ...
... throughout the entire postsynaptic structure, while a second mechanism tends to group together those fibers from the same source. The division of the neuropil into interdigitating zones of sourcespecific termination optimizes both of these processes. This hypothesis has received some experimental su ...
Modulation of Responses of Feline Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract
... and two NA receptor agonists (tizanidine and clonidine) had the opposite effect because they depressed responses of the tested neurons. These results show that information forwarded by means of the ventral spinocerebellar tract may be modulated by monoamines and that several receptor subtypes, locat ...
... and two NA receptor agonists (tizanidine and clonidine) had the opposite effect because they depressed responses of the tested neurons. These results show that information forwarded by means of the ventral spinocerebellar tract may be modulated by monoamines and that several receptor subtypes, locat ...
Anterior Cingulate Conflict Monitoring and Adjustments in Control
... the subsequent trial, as predicted by the conflict hypothesis. Finally, we examined a closely related set of predictions of the conflict hypothesis, that ACC error-related activity should also be followed by an increase in PFC activity and corresponding adjustments in performance (18, 19). According ...
... the subsequent trial, as predicted by the conflict hypothesis. Finally, we examined a closely related set of predictions of the conflict hypothesis, that ACC error-related activity should also be followed by an increase in PFC activity and corresponding adjustments in performance (18, 19). According ...
Reflections on agranular architecture: predictive coding in the motor
... scenario enables predictions about what may happen next. If a head is turning, for instance, a frontal view of a face may soon be replaced by a profile [22]. Generative models are necessarily hierarchical (in space and time). If the visual system operates as a generative model, the percept correspon ...
... scenario enables predictions about what may happen next. If a head is turning, for instance, a frontal view of a face may soon be replaced by a profile [22]. Generative models are necessarily hierarchical (in space and time). If the visual system operates as a generative model, the percept correspon ...
Spinal cord and simple reflex arc
... destination (see boxes) Tracts run the length of the spinal cord You see them here in horizontal cross-section Note: Tracts are paired, bilaterally, but only one of each pair is depicted here ...
... destination (see boxes) Tracts run the length of the spinal cord You see them here in horizontal cross-section Note: Tracts are paired, bilaterally, but only one of each pair is depicted here ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Fig. 4.13 Some sources of nonlinear (modulatory) effects between synapses as modeled by sigma-pi nodes. (A) shunting (divisive) inhibition, which is often recorded as the effect of inhibitory synapses on the cell body. (B) The effect of simultaneously activated voltage-gated excitatory synapses that ...
... Fig. 4.13 Some sources of nonlinear (modulatory) effects between synapses as modeled by sigma-pi nodes. (A) shunting (divisive) inhibition, which is often recorded as the effect of inhibitory synapses on the cell body. (B) The effect of simultaneously activated voltage-gated excitatory synapses that ...
Regulation of Neuroblast Cell-Cycle Kinetics Plays a Crucial Role in
... generations of labeled neurons after a pulse of [ 3H]-thymidine, we are able to show that there is actually a halving principle at each round of mitosis. The cohort of labeled neurons that quit the cell cycle during the first round of mitosis after the [ 3H]-thymidine pulse will show maximum levels ...
... generations of labeled neurons after a pulse of [ 3H]-thymidine, we are able to show that there is actually a halving principle at each round of mitosis. The cohort of labeled neurons that quit the cell cycle during the first round of mitosis after the [ 3H]-thymidine pulse will show maximum levels ...
Axon
.svg?width=300)
An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis), also known as a nerve fibre, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. In certain sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, the electrical impulse travels along an axon from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon. Axon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons.An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites. Axons are distinguished from dendrites by several features, including shape (dendrites often taper while axons usually maintain a constant radius), length (dendrites are restricted to a small region around the cell body while axons can be much longer), and function (dendrites usually receive signals while axons usually transmit them). All of these rules have exceptions, however.Some types of neurons have no axon and transmit signals from their dendrites. No neuron ever has more than one axon; however in invertebrates such as insects or leeches the axon sometimes consists of several regions that function more or less independently of each other. Most axons branch, in some cases very profusely.Axons make contact with other cells—usually other neurons but sometimes muscle or gland cells—at junctions called synapses. At a synapse, the membrane of the axon closely adjoins the membrane of the target cell, and special molecular structures serve to transmit electrical or electrochemical signals across the gap. Some synaptic junctions appear partway along an axon as it extends—these are called en passant (""in passing"") synapses. Other synapses appear as terminals at the ends of axonal branches. A single axon, with all its branches taken together, can innervate multiple parts of the brain and generate thousands of synaptic terminals.