Sample
... 11) The portion of a neuron that carries a signal toward the cell body is the A) soma. B) axon terminal. C) presynaptic membrane. D) dendrite. E) glial membrane. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 21-22 Objective: Factual LO: 2.1 APA:1.1 12) The physical gap between two nerve cells across which messages a ...
... 11) The portion of a neuron that carries a signal toward the cell body is the A) soma. B) axon terminal. C) presynaptic membrane. D) dendrite. E) glial membrane. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 21-22 Objective: Factual LO: 2.1 APA:1.1 12) The physical gap between two nerve cells across which messages a ...
Luczak, 2015 - University of Lethbridge
... latency over all stimuli (five different tones and 100 repetitions) to illustrate sequential spread of activity. c | Heterogeneity in spike timing between different neurons is also evident in responses to somatosensory stimuli. The responses of two somatosensory cortex neurons to 100 repetitions of ...
... latency over all stimuli (five different tones and 100 repetitions) to illustrate sequential spread of activity. c | Heterogeneity in spike timing between different neurons is also evident in responses to somatosensory stimuli. The responses of two somatosensory cortex neurons to 100 repetitions of ...
48-nervous text - Everglades High School
... • Postsynaptic potentials fall into two categories – Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) – Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) ...
... • Postsynaptic potentials fall into two categories – Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) – Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) ...
Starosta, S., Güntürkün, O., Stüttgen, M.C., Stimulus
... Figure 1 illustrates the time course of individual trials of the behavioral paradigm. After a variable intertrial interval (ITI) whose duration was drawn from a truncated exponential distribution with a mean of 6 s (range: 3–12 s), the response key was transilluminated orange for up to 5 s (‘initial ...
... Figure 1 illustrates the time course of individual trials of the behavioral paradigm. After a variable intertrial interval (ITI) whose duration was drawn from a truncated exponential distribution with a mean of 6 s (range: 3–12 s), the response key was transilluminated orange for up to 5 s (‘initial ...
Biological Cybernetics
... are not considered to be significant, since predictions of the angular resolution to an accuracy of several degrees would require a much larger set of empirical data. Finally, the number of neurons necessary to yield the angular resolution observed in behavioral experiments can be estimated. We assu ...
... are not considered to be significant, since predictions of the angular resolution to an accuracy of several degrees would require a much larger set of empirical data. Finally, the number of neurons necessary to yield the angular resolution observed in behavioral experiments can be estimated. We assu ...
Neural Correlates for Perception of 3D Surface Orientation from
... disparity signals have been found in the parietal (11, 12) and temporal (13, 14) association cortices. However, binocular disparity is not the only cue for depth perception, because we can perceive depth even with one eye closed. Gibson (15) has proposed that texture gradient is an important cue for ...
... disparity signals have been found in the parietal (11, 12) and temporal (13, 14) association cortices. However, binocular disparity is not the only cue for depth perception, because we can perceive depth even with one eye closed. Gibson (15) has proposed that texture gradient is an important cue for ...
PowerPoint Template
... （1）Failure in the propagation of the muscle fiber action potential-high-frequency fatigue Indirect evidence indicates that failure in the propagation of muscle action potentials along the T-tubules plays an important role, and this has been attributed to accumulation of K+ in the T-tubule lumen. ...
... （1）Failure in the propagation of the muscle fiber action potential-high-frequency fatigue Indirect evidence indicates that failure in the propagation of muscle action potentials along the T-tubules plays an important role, and this has been attributed to accumulation of K+ in the T-tubule lumen. ...
Decoding a Temporal Population Code
... robust compression of the salient features of a stimulus into a representation that has the essential property of invariance. The decoding stage involves the challenging task of decompressing this invariant and compressed representation into a high-dimensional representation that facilitates further ...
... robust compression of the salient features of a stimulus into a representation that has the essential property of invariance. The decoding stage involves the challenging task of decompressing this invariant and compressed representation into a high-dimensional representation that facilitates further ...
Volatile Solvents as Drugs of Abuse: Focus on the Cortico
... Volatile solvents such as those found in fuels, paints, and thinners are found throughout the world and are used in a variety of industrial applications. However, these compounds are also often intentionally inhaled at high concentrations to produce intoxication. While solvent use has been recognize ...
... Volatile solvents such as those found in fuels, paints, and thinners are found throughout the world and are used in a variety of industrial applications. However, these compounds are also often intentionally inhaled at high concentrations to produce intoxication. While solvent use has been recognize ...
Differential Classical Conditioning of the Gill
... GWR (Pinsker et al., 1970; Ezzeddine and Glanzman, 2003). We observed significant habituation of the GWR in additional experiments in which the same number of CSs were alternately given to the siphon at the same rate of stimulation used for differential conditioning, but in which the US was withheld ...
... GWR (Pinsker et al., 1970; Ezzeddine and Glanzman, 2003). We observed significant habituation of the GWR in additional experiments in which the same number of CSs were alternately given to the siphon at the same rate of stimulation used for differential conditioning, but in which the US was withheld ...
- Wiley Online Library
... support the idea that the clinical symptoms of ALS result specifically from damage to the distal motor axon and not from activation of the cell death pathway (Gould et al. 2006). These studies separate axonal degeneration from neuronal cell death and indicate that axonal degeneration is the leading c ...
... support the idea that the clinical symptoms of ALS result specifically from damage to the distal motor axon and not from activation of the cell death pathway (Gould et al. 2006). These studies separate axonal degeneration from neuronal cell death and indicate that axonal degeneration is the leading c ...
Neurons in the corpus callosum of the cat during postnatal
... Neurons in the corpus callosum of the cat all ages, the morphological characteristics of MAP2-positive cells were very variable; some cells exhibited short and poorly rami®ed processes, while others had well developed ones (Fig. 2C±E). Different morphological types were observed, pyramidal-like neu ...
... Neurons in the corpus callosum of the cat all ages, the morphological characteristics of MAP2-positive cells were very variable; some cells exhibited short and poorly rami®ed processes, while others had well developed ones (Fig. 2C±E). Different morphological types were observed, pyramidal-like neu ...
9 Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential
... NERVE CELLS ARE ABLE TO carry signals over long distances because of their ability to generate an action potential—a regenerative electrical signal whose amplitude does not attenuate as it moves down the axon. In Chapter 7 we saw how an action potential arises from sequential changes in the membrane ...
... NERVE CELLS ARE ABLE TO carry signals over long distances because of their ability to generate an action potential—a regenerative electrical signal whose amplitude does not attenuate as it moves down the axon. In Chapter 7 we saw how an action potential arises from sequential changes in the membrane ...
Similar Inhibitory Processes Dominate the Responses of Cat Lateral
... Bechara et al. 1995). The lateral amygdaloid (LAT) nucleus, a major recipient of cortical and thalamic sensory pathways to the amygdala (Amaral et al. 1992; LeDoux et al. 1985; Romanski and LeDoux 1992; Russchen 1982b; Turner et al. 1980) and source of afferents to other amygdaloid nuclei (Krettek a ...
... Bechara et al. 1995). The lateral amygdaloid (LAT) nucleus, a major recipient of cortical and thalamic sensory pathways to the amygdala (Amaral et al. 1992; LeDoux et al. 1985; Romanski and LeDoux 1992; Russchen 1982b; Turner et al. 1980) and source of afferents to other amygdaloid nuclei (Krettek a ...
Nerve Regeneration in C. elegans after femtosecond laser axotomy
... depends on its polarization. A fast mechanical shutter is used to select the desired number of pulses for the ablation experiments. The laser beam is tightly focused on the target through an oil-immersion high numerical aperture objective lens (Zeiss 64×, NA = 1.4 ). The fluorescence imaging system ...
... depends on its polarization. A fast mechanical shutter is used to select the desired number of pulses for the ablation experiments. The laser beam is tightly focused on the target through an oil-immersion high numerical aperture objective lens (Zeiss 64×, NA = 1.4 ). The fluorescence imaging system ...
neuronal coding of prediction errors
... where g is a parameter (bounded by 0 and 1) that determines the relative weight given to the associability of the signal on the preceding episode (an11) and to the change in associability on that episode (Dan11). The associability of the stimulus, a, is then deployed to control the change in excitat ...
... where g is a parameter (bounded by 0 and 1) that determines the relative weight given to the associability of the signal on the preceding episode (an11) and to the change in associability on that episode (Dan11). The associability of the stimulus, a, is then deployed to control the change in excitat ...
Filamentous contacts: the ultrastructure and three
... material and neurofilaments were symmetrically disposed on the two sides of the junction. These he referred to as symmetrical filamentous contacts. These specializations have since been observed and commented upon in numerous studies of thalamic nuclei in various species, although they have not alwa ...
... material and neurofilaments were symmetrically disposed on the two sides of the junction. These he referred to as symmetrical filamentous contacts. These specializations have since been observed and commented upon in numerous studies of thalamic nuclei in various species, although they have not alwa ...
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NEURONAL
... hippocampal neurons. First, I showed that the SALMs, a newly discovered family of CAMs, regulate changes in neurite outgrowth with distinct morphological characteristics. Through transfections of primary hippocampal neurons, I investigated the roles of each SALM in neurite outgrowth. In addition to ...
... hippocampal neurons. First, I showed that the SALMs, a newly discovered family of CAMs, regulate changes in neurite outgrowth with distinct morphological characteristics. Through transfections of primary hippocampal neurons, I investigated the roles of each SALM in neurite outgrowth. In addition to ...
pdf file. - Harvard Vision Lab
... (Fig. 3a, left; R 5 0.97, P , 0.001) and in the population (Fig. 3b; mean R 5 0.50, greater than 0 at P , 0.002, t-test; n 5 13 neurons having more than ten trials). In addition, there was a higher peak in the average firing rate when aligned to saccade initiation (Fig. 3a, right) as opposed to prob ...
... (Fig. 3a, left; R 5 0.97, P , 0.001) and in the population (Fig. 3b; mean R 5 0.50, greater than 0 at P , 0.002, t-test; n 5 13 neurons having more than ten trials). In addition, there was a higher peak in the average firing rate when aligned to saccade initiation (Fig. 3a, right) as opposed to prob ...
Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... represents a familiar stimulus may be maintained in the PFC by the reactivation of the pattern of spikes through recurrent excitatory synaptic transmission. This depends on previous strengthening of excitatory recurrent connections resulting from spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity. When stim ...
... represents a familiar stimulus may be maintained in the PFC by the reactivation of the pattern of spikes through recurrent excitatory synaptic transmission. This depends on previous strengthening of excitatory recurrent connections resulting from spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity. When stim ...
13 Nervous System
... The action potential occurs in each successive portion of an axon. A refractory period ensures that the action potential will not move backwards. In myelinated fibers the action potential only occurs at the nodes of Ranvier. This is called saltatory conduction. Transmission Across a Synapse Transmis ...
... The action potential occurs in each successive portion of an axon. A refractory period ensures that the action potential will not move backwards. In myelinated fibers the action potential only occurs at the nodes of Ranvier. This is called saltatory conduction. Transmission Across a Synapse Transmis ...
PART IV INTEGRATION AND COORDINATION IN HUMANS
... The action potential occurs in each successive portion of an axon. A refractory period ensures that the action potential will not move backwards. In myelinated fibers the action potential only occurs at the nodes of Ranvier. This is called saltatory conduction. Transmission Across a Synapse Transmis ...
... The action potential occurs in each successive portion of an axon. A refractory period ensures that the action potential will not move backwards. In myelinated fibers the action potential only occurs at the nodes of Ranvier. This is called saltatory conduction. Transmission Across a Synapse Transmis ...
Bioelectric Phenomena
... form of animal electricity were common. By the eighteenth century, experimenters were familiar with the muscular spasms of humans and animals that were subjected to the discharge of electrostatic machines. As a result, electric shock was viewed as a muscular stimulant. In searching for an explanatio ...
... form of animal electricity were common. By the eighteenth century, experimenters were familiar with the muscular spasms of humans and animals that were subjected to the discharge of electrostatic machines. As a result, electric shock was viewed as a muscular stimulant. In searching for an explanatio ...
The functional asymmetry of auditory cortex is reflected
... rostro-caudal gradient. We used laser scanning photostimulation in acute slices to study the organization of local excitatory connections onto layers 2 and 3 (L2/3) of the mouse A1. Consistent with the organization of other cortical regions, synaptic inputs along the isofrequency axis (orthogonal to ...
... rostro-caudal gradient. We used laser scanning photostimulation in acute slices to study the organization of local excitatory connections onto layers 2 and 3 (L2/3) of the mouse A1. Consistent with the organization of other cortical regions, synaptic inputs along the isofrequency axis (orthogonal to ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.