Synchronisation hubs in the visual cortex may arise from strong
... responses, we computed the oscillation score, as described previously (Muresan et al., 2008). In brief, this measure is based on analysing the power spectrum of autocorrelation histograms (ACHs) computed with 1-ms resolution (see below). The oscillation score is defined as the ratio between the peak ...
... responses, we computed the oscillation score, as described previously (Muresan et al., 2008). In brief, this measure is based on analysing the power spectrum of autocorrelation histograms (ACHs) computed with 1-ms resolution (see below). The oscillation score is defined as the ratio between the peak ...
Brain stem excitatory and inhibitory signaling pathways regulating
... neurons (AVPNs) and 2) regulation of AVPN responses to excitatory inputs by central GABAergic inhibitory pathways. In addition, the autocrine-paracrine modulation of AVPNs is briefly discussed. CNS influences on the tracheobronchopulmonary system are transmitted via AVPNs, whose discharge depends on ...
... neurons (AVPNs) and 2) regulation of AVPN responses to excitatory inputs by central GABAergic inhibitory pathways. In addition, the autocrine-paracrine modulation of AVPNs is briefly discussed. CNS influences on the tracheobronchopulmonary system are transmitted via AVPNs, whose discharge depends on ...
Chapter 8 PowerPoint
... “Information” travels within the nervous system primarily in the form of propagated electrical signals known as action potentials. The most important information (e.g., vision, balance, movement), is carried by myelinated ...
... “Information” travels within the nervous system primarily in the form of propagated electrical signals known as action potentials. The most important information (e.g., vision, balance, movement), is carried by myelinated ...
Structure and Function in the Inferior Olivary Nucleus
... from olivary axons, and show that they fire in short bursts that can relay information about the state of olivary network and modulate plasticity in the cerebellar cortex. A remarkable ...
... from olivary axons, and show that they fire in short bursts that can relay information about the state of olivary network and modulate plasticity in the cerebellar cortex. A remarkable ...
Neuronal subtype specification in the cerebral cortex
... A wealth of evidence has accumulated indicating that neocortical GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-containing interneurons are derived from germinal zones outside the neocortex and migrate long distances to their final locations9. The majority of neocortical interneurons originate in the medial and caudal ...
... A wealth of evidence has accumulated indicating that neocortical GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-containing interneurons are derived from germinal zones outside the neocortex and migrate long distances to their final locations9. The majority of neocortical interneurons originate in the medial and caudal ...
ORGANIZATION OF NEUROPIL
... fourth and final division is the central neuropil, the neuron feltwork. In many cases it represents the major portion of the ganglion. The term neuropil, however, has beef, used in different ways by a number of authors, and is not a precisely defined concept (see Herrick, 1948; Dempsey and Luse, 195 ...
... fourth and final division is the central neuropil, the neuron feltwork. In many cases it represents the major portion of the ganglion. The term neuropil, however, has beef, used in different ways by a number of authors, and is not a precisely defined concept (see Herrick, 1948; Dempsey and Luse, 195 ...
HCN channels are a novel therapeutic target for cognitive
... We generated a novel Nf1 mouse model (the homozygous Nf19a–/9a– mutant), in which the neuron-specific NF1 exon 9acontaining isoform is deleted. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR confirmed the total absence of Nf1 exon 9a-containing mRNA in Nf19a–/9a– mice (Figure 1a and Supplementary Figure 1). C ...
... We generated a novel Nf1 mouse model (the homozygous Nf19a–/9a– mutant), in which the neuron-specific NF1 exon 9acontaining isoform is deleted. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR confirmed the total absence of Nf1 exon 9a-containing mRNA in Nf19a–/9a– mice (Figure 1a and Supplementary Figure 1). C ...
Behavioral Detectability of Single-Cell Stimulation in the Ventral
... stimulation trials as in catch trials without stimulation, suggesting that APs of single thalamic cells in VPM lead to either no or only a very weak perceptual effect. These results are surprising given the relatively small number of VPM neurons and our previous observations that single neurons in o ...
... stimulation trials as in catch trials without stimulation, suggesting that APs of single thalamic cells in VPM lead to either no or only a very weak perceptual effect. These results are surprising given the relatively small number of VPM neurons and our previous observations that single neurons in o ...
Copyrighted Material
... duced to several generalities that allow a basic understanding of the actions of neurotoxicants. These general principles include (1) the privileged status of the NS with the maintenance of a biochemical barrier between the brain and the blood, (2) the importance of the high energy requirements of t ...
... duced to several generalities that allow a basic understanding of the actions of neurotoxicants. These general principles include (1) the privileged status of the NS with the maintenance of a biochemical barrier between the brain and the blood, (2) the importance of the high energy requirements of t ...
Linking Neural Activity to Visual Perception: Separating Sensory and
... discrimination sensitivity of MT neurons in the 2AFC task (see Appendix). For this, two distributions of spike counts were compared against each other, the distribution of counts from trials when the coherent motion was in the neuron’s preferred direction (distribution Y in Figure 2A) versus the dis ...
... discrimination sensitivity of MT neurons in the 2AFC task (see Appendix). For this, two distributions of spike counts were compared against each other, the distribution of counts from trials when the coherent motion was in the neuron’s preferred direction (distribution Y in Figure 2A) versus the dis ...
Technologies émergentes de mémoire résistive pour les systèmes
... Research in the field of neuromorphic- and cognitive- computing has generated a lot of interest in recent years. With potential application in fields such as large-scale data driven computing, robotics, intelligent autonomous systems to name a few, bio-inspired computing paradigms are being investig ...
... Research in the field of neuromorphic- and cognitive- computing has generated a lot of interest in recent years. With potential application in fields such as large-scale data driven computing, robotics, intelligent autonomous systems to name a few, bio-inspired computing paradigms are being investig ...
Neuronal-Derived Nitric Oxide and Somatodendritically Released
... The classical model of neurovascular coupling (NVC) implies that activity-dependent axonal glutamate release at synapses evokes the production and release of vasoactive signals from both neurons and astrocytes, which dilate arterioles, increasing in turn cerebral blood flow (CBF) to areas with incre ...
... The classical model of neurovascular coupling (NVC) implies that activity-dependent axonal glutamate release at synapses evokes the production and release of vasoactive signals from both neurons and astrocytes, which dilate arterioles, increasing in turn cerebral blood flow (CBF) to areas with incre ...
Peripheral and Central Mechanisms of Pain Generation
... molecular events that lead to activation and sensitization of nociceptors. Nociceptors express ion channels for stimulus transduction and action potential generation, and a large number of receptors for inflammatory and other mediators (Fig. 1). These receptors are either coupled to ion channels or, ...
... molecular events that lead to activation and sensitization of nociceptors. Nociceptors express ion channels for stimulus transduction and action potential generation, and a large number of receptors for inflammatory and other mediators (Fig. 1). These receptors are either coupled to ion channels or, ...
Two Types of Neurons in the Primate Globus
... before saccades (saccade period). We used a relatively long target onset period to compare neuronal activities during antisaccades with those during NoGo trials, because reaction times of antisaccades were ∼250 ms and the suppression of reflexive saccades should have occurred during this interval in ...
... before saccades (saccade period). We used a relatively long target onset period to compare neuronal activities during antisaccades with those during NoGo trials, because reaction times of antisaccades were ∼250 ms and the suppression of reflexive saccades should have occurred during this interval in ...
The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in learning and reward Ph.D
... more precisely, what is learned in a certain situation, which brain regions are involved in a certain aspect of learning and how neuronal networks function during learning. The dissertation is about motivated, food (sweet tasting sugar solution) rewarded behavior. Motivation plays a central role in ...
... more precisely, what is learned in a certain situation, which brain regions are involved in a certain aspect of learning and how neuronal networks function during learning. The dissertation is about motivated, food (sweet tasting sugar solution) rewarded behavior. Motivation plays a central role in ...
Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of
... that presumably reduced or enhanced excitability of the BL neurons, respectively decreased or improved retention on a variety of ...
... that presumably reduced or enhanced excitability of the BL neurons, respectively decreased or improved retention on a variety of ...
Emotional and Behavioral Correlates of Mediodorsal Thalamic
... bars that had a single steel bar on one end and two bars on the other end. Once the cement had hardened, these bars were removed, leaving a negative impression of the double end on each side of the acrylic block. During subsequent surgery or during the recording session, the double end of these arti ...
... bars that had a single steel bar on one end and two bars on the other end. Once the cement had hardened, these bars were removed, leaving a negative impression of the double end on each side of the acrylic block. During subsequent surgery or during the recording session, the double end of these arti ...
the resonate-and-fire neuron: time dependent and frequency
... Let us begin by considering the morphology of a typical nerve cell, along with the general approach utilized to model the various electrophysiological aspects of neurons. Panel (A) in figure 1.1 depicts the various specialized cellular processes that characterizes nerve cells, and panel (B) represen ...
... Let us begin by considering the morphology of a typical nerve cell, along with the general approach utilized to model the various electrophysiological aspects of neurons. Panel (A) in figure 1.1 depicts the various specialized cellular processes that characterizes nerve cells, and panel (B) represen ...
Basal Ganglia Outputs Map Instantaneous Position Coordinates
... from the SNr were significantly modulated by postural disturbance, while tilting the mouse along the roll axis (Barter et al., 2014). Some neurons increased firing when the mouse was tilted to its left and decreased firing when tilted to its right, whereas other neurons displayed the opposite patter ...
... from the SNr were significantly modulated by postural disturbance, while tilting the mouse along the roll axis (Barter et al., 2014). Some neurons increased firing when the mouse was tilted to its left and decreased firing when tilted to its right, whereas other neurons displayed the opposite patter ...
The Impact of Prior Experience With Cross-Modal
... refers to the general increase in the number of action potentials measured when a second modality is presented to a cell doing MI, while depression refers to the general decrease in the number of action potentials. Meredith and Stein (1983) demonstrated that a sensory stimulus (light) presented to a ...
... refers to the general increase in the number of action potentials measured when a second modality is presented to a cell doing MI, while depression refers to the general decrease in the number of action potentials. Meredith and Stein (1983) demonstrated that a sensory stimulus (light) presented to a ...
Placing prediction into the fear circuit
... fear responses after being paired with an aversive US, so it is natural to regard these pathways as carrying a teaching signal that instructs learning, and synaptic plasticity, across CS–US pairings. Aversive USs might act as teaching signals to trigger plasticity at CS input synapses to the LA, at ...
... fear responses after being paired with an aversive US, so it is natural to regard these pathways as carrying a teaching signal that instructs learning, and synaptic plasticity, across CS–US pairings. Aversive USs might act as teaching signals to trigger plasticity at CS input synapses to the LA, at ...
Chapter 4 monkey
... in the presence of stochastic and unreliable sensory evidence. In these situations the optimal strategy is to integrate sensory evidence over time and neurons in frontal and parietal cortex involved in the generation of eye movements carry signals that are related to this evidence integration. Their ...
... in the presence of stochastic and unreliable sensory evidence. In these situations the optimal strategy is to integrate sensory evidence over time and neurons in frontal and parietal cortex involved in the generation of eye movements carry signals that are related to this evidence integration. Their ...
Three-dimensional organization of dendrites and local axon
... inputs within the core. Although dendrites respect the shellcore and patch-matrix boundaries, recurrent axon collaterals may cross these boundaries. Finally, different degrees of overlap between dendritic and axonal arborizations of individual MSN were identified, suggesting various possibilities of ...
... inputs within the core. Although dendrites respect the shellcore and patch-matrix boundaries, recurrent axon collaterals may cross these boundaries. Finally, different degrees of overlap between dendritic and axonal arborizations of individual MSN were identified, suggesting various possibilities of ...
Probability of Transmitter Release at Neocortical
... Mikhail Mukovski, Johannes Niesmann, and Ulf T. Eysel. Probability of transmitter release at neocortical synapses at different temperatures. J Neurophysiol 92: 212–220, 2004. First published March 3, 2004; 10.1152/jn.01166.2003. The probability of transmitter release at synaptic terminals is one of ...
... Mikhail Mukovski, Johannes Niesmann, and Ulf T. Eysel. Probability of transmitter release at neocortical synapses at different temperatures. J Neurophysiol 92: 212–220, 2004. First published March 3, 2004; 10.1152/jn.01166.2003. The probability of transmitter release at synaptic terminals is one of ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.